Unique identifier




Not to be confused with the many systems of unique identifiers, many of which have non-unique proper names such as Unique Identifier, UID, or Unique Identification Number.

With reference to a given (possibly implicit) set of objects, a unique identifier (UID) is any identifier which is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose.[1] There are three main types of unique identifiers, each corresponding to a different generation strategy:




  1. serial numbers, assigned incrementally or sequentially


  2. random numbers, selected from a number space much larger than the maximum (or expected) number of objects to be identified. Although not really unique, some identifiers of this type may be appropriate for identifying objects in many practical applications and are, with abuse of language, still referred to as "unique"

  3. names or codes allocated by choice which are forced to be unique by keeping a central registry such as the EPC Information Services.


The above methods can be combined, hierarchically or singly, to create other generation schemes which guarantee uniqueness.[citation needed] In many cases, a single object may have more than one unique identifier, each of which identifies it for a different purpose. In relational databases, certain attributes of an entity that serve as unique identifiers are called primary keys.[citation needed][2]




Contents






  • 1 Examples


    • 1.1 National identification number


    • 1.2 Chemistry


    • 1.3 Computing


    • 1.4 Economics, tax and regulation


    • 1.5 Internet architecture and standards


    • 1.6 Legal


    • 1.7 Mathematical publications


    • 1.8 Science


    • 1.9 Transportation




  • 2 References





Examples



  • National identification number


  • ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)[3]


  • Digital object identifiers[1]


  • Electronic Identifier Serial Publication (EISP)


  • Electronic Product Code (EPC)


  • International eBook Identifier Number (IEIN)


  • Stock Keeping Unit (SKU)

  • Part number

  • Universally Unique Identifier

  • Numbering scheme

  • Track & Trace

  • Bank card number


  • Object identifier OID



National identification number


Main article: National identification number

National identification number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other governance-related functions.



Chemistry



  • IUPAC nomenclature

  • CAS registry number



Computing



  • Cryptographic hashes

  • Organizationally Unique Identifier

  • Universally Unique Identifier

  • Identity correlation

  • World Wide Port Name

  • MAC address



Economics, tax and regulation



  • Harmonized System

  • Unique Transaction Identifier



Internet architecture and standards




  • Request for Comments (RFC)


  • Internet Standard (STD)


  • Best Current Practice (BCP)


  • For Your Information (FYI)


  • Internet Draft (I-D)


  • Internet Experiment Note (IEN)


  • RARE Technical Reports (RTR)



Legal



  • Bates numbering


  • European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)

  • Lex (URN)



Mathematical publications



  • Mathematical Reviews number

  • Zentralblatt MATH identifier



Science



  • Smithsonian trinomial

  • Systematic name

  • Identifiers.org



Transportation



  • International Air Transport Association airport codes

  • Maritime Mobile Service Identity


  • IMO number to identify sea-going ships


  • IMO container codes according to ISO 6346 for shipping containers

  • UIC wagon numbers

  • American rail transportation Reporting marks



References





  1. ^ ab McMurry, Julie A.; Juty, Nick; Blomberg, Niklas; Burdett, Tony; Conlin, Tom; Conte, Nathalie; Courtot, Mélanie; Deck, John; Dumontier, Michel; Fellows, Donal K.; Gonzalez-Beltran, Alejandra; Gormanns, Philipp; Grethe, Jeffrey; Hastings, Janna; Hériché, Jean-Karim; Hermjakob, Henning; Ison, Jon C.; Jimenez, Rafael C.; Jupp, Simon; Kunze, John; Laibe, Camille; Le Novère, Nicolas; Malone, James; Martin, Maria Jesus; McEntyre, Johanna R.; Morris, Chris; Muilu, Juha; Müller, Wolfgang; Rocca-Serra, Philippe; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta; Sariyar, Murat; Snoep, Jacky L.; Soiland-Reyes, Stian; Stanford, Natalie J.; Swainston, Neil; Washington, Nicole; Williams, Alan R.; Wimalaratne, Sarala M.; Winfree, Lilly M.; Wolstencroft, Katherine; Goble, Carole; Mungall, Christopher J.; Haendel, Melissa A.; Parkinson, Helen (2017). "Identifiers for the 21st century: How to design, provision, and reuse persistent identifiers to maximize utility and impact of life science data". PLOS Biology. 15 (6): e2001414. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001414. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 5490878. PMID 28662064..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    open access


  2. ^ 1966-, Kline, Kevin E., (2009). SQL in a nutshell. Kline, Daniel., Hunt, Brand. (3rd ed.). Beijing: O'Reilly. ISBN 9780596518844. OCLC 244652620.


  3. ^ Haak, Laurel L.; Fenner, Martin; Paglione, Laura; Pentz, Ed; Ratner, Howard (2012). "ORCID: a system to uniquely identify researchers". Learned Publishing. 25 (4): 259–264. doi:10.1087/20120404. ISSN 0953-1513.








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