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Light Crust Doughboys
The Light Crust Doughboys is an American Western swing band from Texas, United States,[1] organized in 1931 by the Burrus Mill and Elevator Company in Saginaw, Texas.[2] The band achieved its peak popularity in the few years leading up to World War II. In addition to launching Western swing pioneers Bob Wills and Milton Brown,[3] it provided a platform for many of the best musicians of the genre, including Tommy Duncan, Cecil Brower, John Parker and Kenneth Pitts.[4]
The original group disbanded in 1942, although band member Marvin Montgomery led a new version organized in the 1960s. A contemporary incarnation beginning in the 1990s (including Montgomery until his death in 2001)[5] bills itself as the longest-running country music band in the world.
The Light Crust Doughboys were charter inductees into the Texas Western Swing Hall of Fame in 1989,[6] and were also inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.[7] In December 2005, the Light Crust Doughboys Hall of Fame and Museum opened in Quitman, Texas.[8]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Original group
1.2 Interim years
1.3 Current group
2 Publications
3 References
4 Bibliography
5 External links
History
Original group
Pappy O'Daniel
In 1931, Burrus Mill's president, W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel, wanted to link radio and advertising to promote the company's Light Crust Flour.[9] O'Daniel, who would later travel with the band and use its popularity as a springboard for his political ambitions, said the idea to start the band and link radio to advertising was pitched to him originally by Bob Wills, Herman Arnspiger and Milton Brown, who at the time were out-of-work musicians.[10] There is disagreement about exactly when and on what radio station the Doughboys first broadcast, but it is generally accepted that by January 1931 the band had started playing on KFJZ-AM.[10] Their first broadcasts on the station included a sad prison song, "Twenty-One Years", and a popular fiddle song, "Chicken Reel".[11] Their radio signature was their introduction by announcer Truett Kimzey: "The Light Crust Doughboys are on the air."[12]
The Light Crust Doughboys in the 1936 Gene Autry film, Oh, Susanna!
Though the Doughboys' early broadcasts were well-received, the notion of using radio to advertise was still new, and O'Daniel was unconvinced. He also reportedly did not like the band's "hillbilly music," and canceled them at least once (though he almost immediately reinstated them). At first he paid the band members $7.50 a week, but also required that they work a "regular" job at the mill:[13] Wills drove a truck, Arnspiger worked on the dock loading flour, and Brown was a salesman. After a few weeks of brutally long days, the band members were allowed to stop working their "regular" jobs, but O'Daniel required them to be at the mill in their new practice room working on music eight hours each day. The band eventually won O'Daniel over by asking him to serve as their emcee during a broadcast.[14]
The Doughboys began to hit their stride in March 1931, when they chartered a bus to Galveston, Texas to perform at a bakers convention. The band had the bus wired for sound and they played impromptu gigs at stops along the way to large crowds. Impressed, O'Daniel purchased a seven-seater Packard and rigged it with placards imploring people to eat more bread. In 1933, during a goodwill tour for the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, the radio station's sound engineer, who usually accompanied the band as its "master of ceremonies," could not get away from the station. O'Daniel replaced him, to great effect—O'Daniel was a natural at showmanship and promotion, and the crowds loved him.[14] Wills and Tommy Duncan departed in 1933;[15] and by 1935, O'Daniel had left Burrus Mill to start his own flour company with a new radio band, Pat O'Daniel and His Hillbilly Boys.[16] He was elected Texas governor in 1939.[17]
Their popularity led to a short-lived film career, when they appeared alongside Gene Autry in the 1936 film, Oh, Susanna!.[18]
The original Doughboys group disbanded in 1942 with U.S involvement in World War II, and its final recording was released in 1948.[19]
Interim years
During the following decades, leader Smokey Montgomery kept the band going in some form.[20] In 1969, the Doughboys began recording again; and in 1973, the band took part in the last recording session for Wills in Dallas for the album, For the Last Time.[8] In 1977, Texas State Resolution No. 463 recognised the Doughboys for their contributions to Texas history and Texas music.[21]
Current group
In 1983, musician and producer Art Greenhaw booked the Doughboys to play at the Mesquite Folk Festival, which Greenhaw had founded.[22] He became excited about the prospects for reviving the band, which had been working only sporadically for several years. In 1993, Greenhaw joined the group as bassist; and as co-producer, he added horns to its sound, bringing about a new type of "country jazz" influenced by the old swing sound. Other members included Jerry Elliot (since 1960),[23] Bill Simmons, John Walden, Jim Baker (since 1993)[24] and Dale Cook.[25] In 1995, the Texas Legislature declared the Doughboys the "official music ambassadors of the Lone Star State";[6] and they continue to perform today.
The band's collaborations with gospel singer James Blackwood earned Grammy nominations in 1998, 1999[6] and 2001;[26] and in 2005, Southern Meets Soul: An American Gospel Jubilee, earned a Grammy nomination for Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Album.[27]
Their 2005 album, 20th Century Gospel : From Hymns to Blackwood Brothers Tribute to Christian Country, included contributions from Greenhaw, the Jordanaires, and Nokie Edwards. AllMusic commented that it was "A pristinely recorded and expertly played slice of truly American music, 20th Century Gospel is an uplifting work that resonates with the participants' obvious love of making music."[28]
Publications
The Ultimate All-Day Singing Songook Book, Marvin Montgomery & Art Greenhaw, 1999, Mel Bay Publications, Incorporated, CD / Hardback book, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 978-0786650156
The Light Crust Doughboys Songbook, Marvin "Smokey" Montgomery & Art Greenhaw, 2001, Mel Bay Publications, Incorporated, CD / Hardback book,
ISBN 9780786630707
References
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 8.
^ Saginaw Texas History of Grain Elevators Archived 2011-05-07 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Boyd 2003, p. Back cover.
^ Bratkovich, Colin (8 May 2014). "Just Remember This". Xlibris Corporation. p. 167. ISBN 9781483645186. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
^ Boyd 2003, p. ix.
^ abc Dempsey 2002, p. 5.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 6.
^ ab Charles R., Townsend (15 June 2010). "Light Crust Doughboys". Tshaonline.org. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
^ Townsend 1976, p. 68.
^ ab Dempsey 2002, p. 27.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 29.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 28.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 30.
^ ab Dempsey 2002, p. 31.
^ Townsend 1976, p. 80.
^ Stimeling, Travis D. (30 January 2015). "The Country Music Reader". Oxford University Press. p. 90. ISBN 9780199314928. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
^ Woods, Randall Bennett (2007). "Pappy". LBJ: Architect of American Ambition. Harvard University Press. p. 148. ISBN 0674026993.
^ Malone 1968, p. 171.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 153.
^ Malone 1968, p. 475.
^ Boyd 2003, p. x.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 205.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 7.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 202.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. v.
^ Dempsey 2002, p. 209.
^ "Paris ISD News". Parisisd.net. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
^ "20th Century Gospel: From Hymns to Blackwood Brothers Tribute to Christian Country - Various Artists - Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
Bibliography
Dempsey, John Mark (2002). The Light Crust Doughboys are on the Air : Celebrating Seventy Years of Texas Music. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574411515.
Malone, Bill C. (1968). Country Music U.S.A. Austin, Texas, United States: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292710962.
Townsend, Charles R. (1976). San Antonio Rose: The Life and Music of Bob Wills (1st ed.). University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252004704.
Boyd, Jean A. (2003). "We're the Light Crust Doughboys from Burrus Mill": An Oral History (1st ed.). University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292709256.
External links
Light Crust Doughboys from the Handbook of Texas Online
Video clip of The Light Crust Doughboys performing the "Tiger Rag" from the 1936 Gene Autry movie, Oh, Susanna.- The Light Crust Doughboys at the Rockabilly Hall of Fame
- Video clip of Marvin Montgomery playing and talking about the Light Crust Doughboys history
- Video on the collaboration of Art Greenhaw, Marvin "Smokey" Montgomery, and Neil Hess which resulted in two ballet productions starring the music of the Light Crust Doughboys
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