Close central rounded vowel

Vowel sound in some languages

Close central rounded vowel
ʉ
ü
IPA number	318
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ʉ
Unicode (hex)	U+0289
X-SAMPA	}
Kirshenbaum	u"
Braille
Image
Listen
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The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel,^[1] is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʉ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is }. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred u".

The close central rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare labialized post-palatal approximant [ẅ].^[2]

In most languages this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips (endolabial). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed (exolabial).

There is also a near-close central rounded vowel in some languages.

Contents

• 
  1 Close central protruded vowel
  
  
  
  • 
    1.1 Features
    
  
  
  • 
    1.2 Occurrence
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  2 Close central compressed vowel
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 Features
    
  
  
  • 
    2.2 Occurrence
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  3 See also
  


• 
  4 Notes
  


• 
  5 References
  

Close central protruded vowel

The close central protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as ⟨ʉ⟩, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated diacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, ⟨  ̫⟩, can be used as an ad hoc symbol ⟨ʉ̫⟩ for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is ⟨ʉʷ⟩ or ⟨ɨʷ⟩ (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.

Features

.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background:#f8f9fa;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;font-size:initial;background:#f2f2ce}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto;font-size:initial}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-size:85%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow)[scope="col"]{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;max-width:4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-placearrow)[scope="row"]{text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable:not(.IPA-common-audiotable) td:not([colspan]){text-align:center;max-width:1.2em;min-width:1.2em;padding:0.1em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-audiotable td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-noleftborder{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-norightborder{border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notopborder{border-top:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-nobottomborder{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-shaded{background-color:#ddd}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes{text-align:left;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div{float:right}

IPA: Vowels
.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio{background:#f8f9fa url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png")bottom 10%right 10%no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio{background:#f8f9fa url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/600px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png")bottom 10%right 10%no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main{table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;font-size:initial}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-nocaption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th{vertical-align:middle;font-size:85%;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="col"]{text-align:center;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="row"]{text-align:right;padding-left:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio td{width:106.67px;height:32px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio td{width:200px;height:60px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-minorcaption{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container{display:flex;justify-content:center;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot{text-align:center;width:1em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-left{max-width:1em;min-width:1em;direction:rtl;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-left>span{padding-left:0.2em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-right{max-width:1em;min-width:1em;direction:ltr;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-right>span{padding-right:0.2em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-single{padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;background:#f8f9fa} Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ɨ̞ ʉ̞ ɯ̞ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɒ̈ ɑ ɒ
IPA help full chart template Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded

• Its vowel height is close, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.


• Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.


• Its roundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.

Occurrence

Note: Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Angami	Khonoma[3]	su	[sʉ˦]	'deep'	Allophone of /u/ after /s/.[3]
Armenian	Some Eastern dialects[4]	յուղ	[jʉʁ]	'oil'	Allophone of /u/ after /j/.
Berber	Ayt Seghrouchen[5]	?	[lːæjˈɡːʉɾ]	'he goes'	Allophone of /u/ after velar consonants.
Dutch	Standard Northern[6]	nu	[nʉ]	'now'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨y⟩; also described as close front [y][7] and near-close front [y˕].[8] See Dutch phonology
English	Australian[9]	choose	[t͡ʃʉːz]	'choose'	In Australian English it is fronted [ʉ̟ː]. In Cockney and Estuary English it is often a diphthong [ʊʉ̯~əʉ̯]. In Scotland and the Scouse accent it can be more front, while in Geordie it can be more back. The exact length also varies between dialects. See Australian English phonology, English phonology, New Zealand English phonology and South African English phonology
	Central Eastern American[10]
	Cockney[11]
	Estuary[12]
	Modern RP speakers[13]
	New Zealand[14]
	Norfolk[15]
	Scottish[16]
	Scouse[17]
	Some speakers of Geordie[18]
	South African[19]
	Southern American[20]
	Ulster[21]				Long allophone of /u/.[21] See English phonology
German	Upper Saxon[22]	Buden	[ˈb̥ʉːd̥n̩]	'booths'	The example word is from the Chemnitz dialect.
Hausa[23]		[example needed]			Allophone of /u/.[23]
Ibibio	Dialect of the Uruan area and Uyo[24]	fuuk	[fʉ́ʉk]	'cover many things/times'	Allophone of /u/ between consonants.[24]
	Some dialects[24]	[example needed]			Phonemic; contrasts with /u/.[24]
Irish	Munster[25]	ciúin	[cʉːnʲ]	'quiet'	Allophone of /u/ between slender consonants.[25] See Irish phonology
	Ulster[26]	úllaí	[ʉ̜ɫ̪i][stress?]	'apples'	Often only weakly rounded;[26] may be transcribed in IPA with ⟨u⟩.
Kurdish	Southern	müçig	[mʉːˈt͡ʃɯɡ]	'dust'	See Kurdish phonology
Limburgish	Maastrichtian[27]	kruus	[kʀ̝ʉːs]	'cross'	Front [yː] in other dialects;[28][29] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨yː⟩.
Lüsu[30]		[lʉ˥zʉ˥˧]		'Lüsu'
Russian[31]		кюрий	[ˈkʲʉrʲɪj]	'curium'	Allophone of /u/ between palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Scots[32]		buit	[bʉt]	'boot'	May be more front [ʏ] instead.[32]
Swedish	Bohuslän[33]	yla	[²ʉᶻːlä]	'howl'	A fricated vowel that corresponds to [y̫ː] in Central Standard Swedish.[33] See Swedish phonology
	Närke[33]
Tamil[34]		வால்	[väːlʉ]	'tail'	Epenthetic vowel inserted in colloquial speech after word-final liquids; can be unrounded [ɨ] instead.[34] See Tamil phonology

Close central compressed vowel

Close central compressed vowel
ÿ
ɨ͡β̞
ɨᵝ

As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the centering diacritic is used with the front rounded vowel [y], which is normally compressed. Other possible transcriptions are ⟨ɨ͡β̞⟩ (simultaneous [ɨ] and labial compression) and ⟨ɨᵝ⟩ ([ɨ] modified with labial compression^[35]).

Features

• Its vowel height is close, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.


• Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.


• Its roundedness is compressed, which means that the margins of the lips are tense and drawn together in such a way that the inner surfaces are not exposed.

Occurrence

This vowel is typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʉ⟩. It occurs in some dialects of Swedish, but see also close front compressed vowel. The close back vowels of Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. See close back compressed vowel. Medumba has a compressed central vowel [ɨᵝ] where the corners of the mouth are not drawn together.^[36]

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Japanese	Some younger speakers[37]	空気/kūki	[kÿːki]	'air'	Near-back [u͍] for other speakers.[37] See Japanese phonology
Norwegian	Urban East[38][39]	hus	[hÿːs]	'house'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʉː⟩. Also described as front [yː].[40] See Norwegian phonology
Swedish	Some dialects	ful	[fÿːl]	'ugly'	More front [yː ~ ʏː] in Central Standard Swedish; typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ʉː⟩. See Swedish phonology

See also

• Close back compressed vowel


• Close front protruded vowel

Notes

1. 
   ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
   


2. 
   ^ Instead of "post-palatal", it can be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar".
   


3. 
   ^ ^ab Blankenship et al. (1993), p. 129.
   


4. 
   ^ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 14.
   


5. 
   ^ Abdel-Massih (1971), p. 20.
   


6. 
   ^ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.
   


7. 
   ^ Gussenhoven (2007), p. 30.
   


8. 
   ^ Collins & Mees (2003), p. 132.
   


9. 
   ^ Harrington, Cox & Evans (1997).
   


10. 
    ^ Jilka, Matthias. "North American English Dialects" (PDF). Stuttgart: Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    


11. 
    ^ Matthews (1938), p. 78.
    


12. 
    ^ Przedlacka (2001), p. 42.
    


13. 
    ^ "Received Pronunciation Phonology".
    


14. 
    ^ Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009).
    


15. 
    ^ Lodge (2009), p. 168.
    


16. 
    ^ Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006), p. 7.
    


17. 
    ^ Watson (2007), p. 357.
    


18. 
    ^ Watt & Allen (2003), p. 269.
    


19. 
    ^ Lass (2002), p. 116.
    


20. 
    ^ Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. ?.
    


21. 
    ^ ^ab Jilka, Matthias. "Irish English and Ulster English" (PDF). Stuttgart: Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2014.
    


22. 
    ^ Khan & Weise (2013), p. 236.
    


23. 
    ^ ^ab Schuh & Yalwa (1999), p. 90.
    


24. 
    ^ ^abcd Urua (2004), p. 106.
    


25. 
    ^ ^ab Ó Sé (2000), p. ?.
    


26. 
    ^ ^ab Ní Chasaide (1999), p. 114.
    


27. 
    ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), p. 159.
    


28. 
    ^ Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998), p. 110.
    


29. 
    ^ Peters (2006), p. 119.
    


30. 
    ^ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 75.
    


31. 
    ^ Jones & Ward (1969), pp. 67–68.
    


32. 
    ^ ^ab Stuart-Smith (2004), p. 54.
    


33. 
    ^ ^abc Riad (2014), p. 21.
    


34. 
    ^ ^ab Keane (2004), p. 114.
    


35. 
    ^ e.g. in Flemming (2002) Auditory representations in phonology, p. 83.
    


36. 
    ^ [1]
    


37. 
    ^ ^ab Okada (1999), p. 118.
    


38. 
    ^ Strandskogen (1979), pp. 15, 21.
    


39. 
    ^ Popperwell (2010), pp. 16, 29.
    


40. 
    ^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 13, 18.
    

References

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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• 
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v t e International Phonetic Alphabet .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} (chart)
IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association History of the IPA Extensions to the IPA (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA) Special topics Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions IPA chart for English dialects World Orthography Encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum Worldbet TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA Braille
Consonants Pulmonic consonants .mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-placearrow{border-bottom:none;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow{border-top:none;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(even),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(9):not(.IPA-common-rightborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(11):not(.IPA-common-rightborder){border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(odd),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(10):not(.IPA-common-leftborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(12):not(.IPA-common-leftborder){border-left:none} Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner ↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̼ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Stop p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ ʈʂ ɖʐ t̠ɕ d̠ʑ Non-sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ʋ̥ ʋ ɹ̥ ɹ ɻ̊ ɻ j̊ j ɰ̊ ɰ ʔ̞ Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateral affricate tɬ dɮ ʈɭ̊˔ cʎ̝̊ kʟ̝̊ ɡʟ̝ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ɭ̊˔ ɭ˔ ʎ̝̊ ʎ̝ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l̥ l ɭ̊ ɭ ʎ̥ ʎ ʟ̥ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateral tap/flap ɺ ɭ̆ ʎ̆ ʟ̆ IPA help full chart template Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. Non-pulmonic consonants BL LD D A PA RF P V U EG Ejective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ Affricate t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ qχʼ Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateral affricate tɬʼ cʎ̝̊ʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Lateral fricative ɬʼ Click Tenuis ʘ ǀ ǃ ‼ ǂ ʞ Voiced ʘ̬ ǀ̬ ǃ̬ ‼̬ ǂ̬ Nasal ʘ̃ ǀ̃ ǃ̃ ‼̃ ǂ̃ Tenuis lateral ǁ Voiced lateral ǁ̬ Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̥ ʄ̥ ɠ̊ ʛ̥ IPA help full chart template Co-articulated consonants .mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-nocaption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.2em 0.4em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-main{font-size:initial;text-align:left;padding:0 0.4em;line-height:2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-main>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-sect,.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{margin-top:0.4em;font-size:85%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-symbol,.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-symbol{padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{vertical-align:middle} Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ŋ͡m Labial–velar Stop t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal Fricative ɧ Sj-sound (variable) Approximant ɥ̊ ɥ Labial–palatal ʍ w Labial–velar Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar Nasal approximant j̃ Palatal w̃ Labial–velar h̃ Glottal IPA help full chart template
Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ɨ̞ ʉ̞ ɯ̞ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɒ̈ ɑ ɒ IPA help full chart template Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded

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