非线性光学




非线性光学主要用来研究非线性的光学现象和理论。


介质产生的极化强度决定于入射光的电场强度，其作用可用多项式展开成多阶形式.在通常的弱光条件下，高阶项因为系数很小而可以忽略，此时可近似看成一种线性关系。但是在强激光场作用下（通常在108 V/m左右，由激光脉冲提供），极化强度的高阶项强度不可被忽略，非线性作用出现，从而可以实现光和光之间的相互作用。入射光的强度越高，高阶非线性效应越明显。非线性光学直到激光出现后，人们对二次谐波产生的发现才发展起来。(Peter Franken et al. at University of Michigan in 1961)


非线性光学包括光学倍频、混频、参量振荡、克尔效应、光孤子等现象。利用强度极高的飞秒激光可以产生高达上百倍的倍频效应，可以用来产生深紫外光和软 X 射线。常用于产生非线性效应的物质有铌酸锂、钽酸锂、磷酸氧鈦鉀（KTP）、磷酸二氫鉀（KDP）、偏硼酸钡（BBO）等晶体（具有高的2阶非线性系数）及稀有气体（主要用于产生高阶非线性效应）。光参量振荡（OPO）是目前产生大范围连续可调波长(波长从红外到可见光甚至紫外光)激光的唯一方法。



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光学


視覺 · 儀器 · 歷史
几何光学


  • 反射

  • 折射

  • 菲涅耳方程

  • 斯涅尔定律

  • 费马原理

  • 马吕斯定理

  • 透镜

  • 實像

  • 虛像

  • 像差

  • 像散

  • 色差
物理光学







  • 干涉

  • 衍射

  • 散射

  • 双缝干涉

  • 迈克耳孙干涉仪

  • 马赫－曾德尔干涉仪

  • 法布里－珀罗干涉仪

  • 惠更斯－菲涅耳原理




  • 菲涅耳－基尔霍夫衍射公式

  • 夫琅禾费衍射

  • 菲涅耳衍射

  • 光栅

  • 瑞利散射

  • 米氏散射

  • 光的色散

  • 偏振

  • 傅里叶光学（英语：Fourier optics）
現代光学


  • 激光

  • 光谱学

  • 量子光学

  • 非线性光学

  • 晶体光学（英语：Crystal optics）
光学工程


  • 光子学

  • 光纤

  • 光通訊

  • 光学仪器

  • 显微镜

  • 望远镜
自然光象


  • 暈

  • 幻日

  • 日柱

  • 火彩虹

  • 彩虹

  • 月虹

  • 華

  • 光環

  • 彩雲

  • 海市蜃楼

  • 綠閃光

  • 环天顶弧

  • 草露寶光
物理學者


  • 菲涅耳

  • 夫琅和费

  • 海什木

  • 惠更斯

  • 牛顿

  • 瑞利

  • 斯涅尔

  • 托马斯·杨



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