偏利共生








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「偏利共生」的各地常用別名
中国大陸
偏利共生[1]
港臺
片利共生（海洋科學、生態學）、
片利共棲（生態學）[2]




鮣魚的游泳能力不好，因此頭部演化出類似吸盤的構造方便附著在其他生物身上，對被附著的動物卻完全無害，對象包括鯊魚（例如如圖中的鉸口鯊）、鯨魚、魟魚，甚至潛水者


片利共生（英语：Commensalism，又称为偏利共栖现象）是两种生物间共生关系的一种。是指在生物界中，某兩物種間的生態關係，其中一種的生物會因這個關係而獲得生存上的利益，但是，另一方的生物在這個關係中，並沒有獲得任何益處，但也沒有獲得任何害處，只是帶動對方去獲取利益。


在中文中，我們會以「共生者」來表示獲得利益的一方；而英文，則以 「commensal」一詞表示，本意為「分享食物（sharing of food）」；事實上「commensal」一詞是來自拉丁語的「com mensa」，原意為「共用餐桌」（sharing a table）。


而帶動對方去獲取利益的一方，則為「寄主」（host）。



在生態學上的偏利共生


在生態學的交互作用中，偏利共生是需要共生者與寄主雙方持續及有效地一直發展或維持。這不論是長時間的共生關係或是短時間的；由弱的互動關係至強的，也是需要一直發展或維持，才能達到一個完善的偏利共生。



參考文獻





  1. ^ Commensalism[永久失效連結]


  2. ^ Commensalism. 國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網. [2015-11-19]. 





  • CHAN, W.K.; CHU, S.F.; KONG, S.W. New Biology a modern approach 1. ISBN 962-469-524-5 （英语）. 


  • Durden, Lance A. Pseudoscorpions Associated With Mammals in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica. 2001, 23 (2): pp. 204–206 （英语）.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)


  • Karel Tajovsky 等. Millipedes (Diplopoda) in birds' nests. European Journal of Soil Biology. 2001, 37: pp.321–323 （英语）.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link) 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)


  • Benzing, D.H. Biology of the Bromeliads. 美國加州Eureka: Mad River Press. 1980 （英语）. 












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