Agosta-class submarine

































































OuessantBrest2005.jpg
French Agosta-70 submarine Ouessant at Brest in 2005

Class overview
Operators:


  •  French Navy (former)


  •  Spanish Navy


  •  Pakistan Navy
Preceded by:
Daphné class
Succeeded by:

  • Scorpène class

  • S-80 class
Subclasses:
Agosta 90B

In commission:
1977 – Active in service in Spain and Pakistan
General characteristics
Displacement:

  • 1,500 long tons (1,524 t) surfaced

  • 1,760 long tons (1,788 t) submerged (France, Spain)

  • 2,050 long tons (2,083 t) submerged (Pakistan)
Length:

  • 67 m (219 ft 10 in) (France, Spain)

  • 76 m (249 ft 4 in) (Pakistan)
Beam:
6 m (19 ft 8 in)
Speed:

  • 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced

  • 20.5 knots (38.0 km/h; 23.6 mph) submerged

  • 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) submerged (snort)
Range:
8,500 miles (13,679 km)
Test depth:

  • 300 m (980 ft) (France, Spain)

  • 350 m (1,150 ft) (Pakistan)
Complement:

  • 5 officers

  • 36 men
Sensors and
processing systems:

  • Thomson CSF DRUA 33 Radar

  • Thomson Sintra DSUV 22

  • DUUA 2D Sonar

  • DUUA 1D Sonar

  • DUUX 2 Sonar

  • DSUV 62A towed array
Armament:

  • SM 39 Exocet

  • 4 × 533 mm (21 in) bow torpedo tubes

  • ECAN L5 Mod 3 & ECAN F17 Mod 2 torpedoes

The Agosta-class submarine is a class of diesel-electric fast-attack submarine developed and constructed by the French DCNS in 1970s to succeed the Daphné submarines. The submarines have served in the French Navy as well as exported to the navies of Spain and Pakistan. They are currently in the active service with the navies of Spain and Pakistan, and were replaced by the Scorpène class submarines in the French Navy. The French Navy grouped this model of submarine in their most capable class as an océanique, meaning "ocean-going."[1]




Contents






  • 1 Ships


    • 1.1 French Navy


    • 1.2 Spanish Navy


    • 1.3 Pakistan Navy




  • 2 Variants


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Ships



French Navy


built by Arsenal de Cherbourg




  • Agosta (S 620) – completed 1977 – decommissioned 1997


  • Bévéziers (S 621) – completed 1977 – decommissioned 1998


  • La Praya (S 622) – completed 1978 – decommissioned 2000


  • Ouessant (S 623) – completed 1978 – decommissioned 2001



Spanish Navy


built by Cartagena dockyard




  • Galerna (S 71) – completed 1983 – in service


  • Siroco (S 72) – completed 1983 – decommissioned 2012


  • Mistral (S 73) – completed 1985 – in service


  • Tramontana (S 74) – completed 1985 – in service



Pakistan Navy




  • PNS/M Hashmat (S135) – completed in 1979, originally named Astrant


  • PNS/M Hurmat (S136) – completed in 1980, originally named Adventurous


On 10 September 1974, South Africa announced to expand its submarine arm by entering in defence talks with France to acquire the Agosta-70-class submarines.:113[2]South African Prime Minister P. W. Botha engaged in discussion with acquiring two Agosta-70-class submarines with French President Valéry d'Estaing, and had Capt. L. J. Woodburne as the project-manager of acquisition of Agosta-70 program in South African Navy.[3]Dubigeon-Normandie, the French contractor, built two Agosta-70 class submarine.[4] However, France denied to order of delivery to South African Navy following the implementation of Resolution 418 (an arms embargo) by the United Nations.[5][6][7][8][9]


In 1983-85, the class of submarines were deployed in Arabian sea during and prevented the Indian actions in seaborne theatre. As part of the cold war operation, they were deployed in Arabian sea and later embarked on being deployed on long-range mission to test depth and submerged endurance in Indian ocean.[10][11]



Variants


Main article: Agosta-90B class submarine

The Agosta–90B class submarines is an improved version with modern systems, better battery with longer endurance, deeper diving capability, lower acoustic cavitation and better automatic control (reducing crew from 54 to 36). It can be equipped with the MESMA air-independent propulsion (AIP) system.[12] It is capable of carrying a combined load up to 16 torpedoes, SM39 Exocet, and seaborne nuclear cruise missiles.[13]


The submarines were built through the technology transfer by France to Pakistan that resulted in complicated and lengthy negotiations between the Benazir Bhutto government and the Mitterrand administration in 1992, and signed with the Chirac administration in 1992.[14] The Agosta–90Bs were chosen over the British Upholder/Victoria-class and the project was initially aimed at $520 million[15] but the programme of technology transfer costed $950 million, for which France first provided loans that were paid in five to six years.[16][15] In 2000, France gave Pakistan the licence to offer commercial production of the submarines to potential customers.[17][18]


The SM39 was test-fired from a Khalid-class submarine in 2001.[19]




  • PNS/M Khalid (S137) – built in France by DCN Cherbourg, completed in 1999


  • PNS/M Saad (S138) – built in Pakistan with French assistance, completed in 2002


  • PNS/M Hamza (S139) – built in Pakistan with French assistance, commissioned 14 August 2006



See also



  • List of submarines of France

  • List of submarine classes in service



References





  1. ^ Shabbir, Usman. "Agosta 90B «  PakDef Military Consortium". pakdef.org. «  PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Toit, Allan Du (1992). South Africaʼs Fighting Ships: Past and Present. Ashanti Pub. Pty Limited. p. 359. ISBN 9781874800507. Retrieved 29 September 2018.


  3. ^ Alexander, E. G. McGill; Barron, Gary K. B.; Bateman, Anthony J. (1986). South African orders, decorations, and medals (snippet view). Human & Rousseau. p. 160. ISBN 9780798118958. Retrieved 29 September 2018.


  4. ^ Shabbir, Usman (June 2003). "AGOSTA 70A". pakdef.org. Islamabad: «  PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original (html) on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 29 September 2018.


  5. ^ Maguire, Keith (1991). Politics in South Africa: From Vorster to de Klerk (snippet view). Chambers. p. 151. ISBN 9780550207524. Retrieved 29 September 2018.


  6. ^ "Victor Moukambi dissertation.doc" (PDF). University of Stellenbosch. 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
    [permanent dead link]


  7. ^ Andre Wessels (20 April 2007). "The South African Navy During The Years of Conflict In Southern Africa, 1966-1989". —. Sabinet Online Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.


  8. ^ NTI, Nuclear Threat Initiatives staffer. "Pakistan Submarine Capabilities". www.nti.org. Nuclear Threat Initiatives. Retrieved 12 January 2017.


  9. ^ Goldrick, James (1995). No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945-1996. Sydney, au: Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9781897829028. Retrieved 12 January 2017.


  10. ^ Rikhye, Ravi (1985). The Fourth Round: Indo-Pak War 1984. ABC Publishing House. p. 253. Retrieved 29 September 2018.


  11. ^ Waters, Conrad (2011). Seaforth World Naval Review 2012. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 9781783830985. Retrieved 29 September 2018.


  12. ^ "SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine - Naval Technology". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2017-10-30.


  13. ^ "SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine, France". naval-technology.com. Retrieved 19 May 2015.


  14. ^ Anwar, Dr Muhammad. Friends Near Home: Pakistan's Strategic Security Options. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781467015417. Retrieved 12 January 2017.


  15. ^ ab Staff writer, et.al (5 December 2010). "Agosta submarine deal - Benazir, Zardari not involved: ex-naval spy chief - The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune (4/5). Islamabad: The Express Tribune, Islamabad. The Express Tribune. Retrieved 17 January 2017.


  16. ^ Siddiqa-Agha, A. (2001). "§Arms Procurement for the Navy". Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy (google books). New York, [us]: Springer. p. 230. ISBN 9780230513525. Retrieved 17 January 2017.


  17. ^ Osman, Ali (19 October 2015). "Pakistan's tool of war: Agosta 90B, our submarine in the deep". DAWN.COM. Dawn newspapers, Osman. Dawn newspapers. Retrieved 12 January 2017.


  18. ^ "Agosta launched; ship deal on cards". DAWN.COM. 25 August 2002. Retrieved 12 January 2017.


  19. ^ "Pakistan Navy Test-fires Two Missiles". People's Daily. 11 March 2001. Retrieved 19 May 2015.




External links



  • Naval Technology page on Agosta 90B










Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Volkswagen Group MQB platform

Image
The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
Read more

刘萌萌

Image
body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} 刘萌萌 女演员 罗马拼音 Liu Meng Meng 英文名 Cya 国籍   中国 民族 汉族 出生 ( 1989-10-16 ) 1989年10月16日 （ 29歲）   中国辽宁省大连市 职业 演员、艺人 语言 汉语 教育程度 沈阳音乐学院 北京电影学院表演系进修班 活跃年代 2011年至今 唱片公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 经纪公司 浙江永乐影视制作有限公司 网站 刘萌萌 官方微博 刘萌萌 （1989年10月16日 － ），汉族，中国演员，2010年参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》而出道至今，凭借电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角走红。北京电影学院10级表演系（进修班）毕业。 目录 1 主要经历 2 影视作品 2.1 电视剧 2.2 电影 2.3 综艺节目 3 参考文献 4 外部链接 主要经历 1989年，出生于辽宁省大连市一个工人家庭； 2006年，考入沈阳音乐学院舞蹈系本科班学习； 2010年，参加湖南卫视《芒果训练营》演艺新秀比赛而出道 [1] ；進入北京电影学院表演系进修班 2011年，出演电视剧《隋唐演义》“琼花公主”一角色； 2012年，担任电视剧《爱情公寓》“诺澜”一角并开始走红 [2] ； 2013年，担任电视剧《利箭纵横》《利剑行动》 [3] 女主角“林筱雨” 2014年，参加江苏卫视真人秀栏目《花样年华》 [4] 备受瞩目 [5] 。 影视作品 电视剧 首播年份 剧名 角色 备注 2012 《爱情公寓3》 诺澜 2012 《利箭行动》 林筱雨 2013 《隋唐演义》 琼花公主 2013 《决战燕子门》 马晓婉 2014 《利箭纵横》 林筱雨 2014 《屌丝日记》 林洛霏 網絡劇 2014 《爱情公寓4》 诺澜 ...
Read more