Mixing
Ufa
Ufa Уфа | |||
|---|---|---|---|
City[1] | |||
| Other transcription(s) | |||
| • Bashkir | Өфө | ||
 Views of Ufa | |||
| |||
| Anthem: none[2] | |||
Location of Ufa | |||
  Ufa Location of Ufa Show map of Russia  Ufa Ufa (Bashkortostan) Show map of Bashkortostan | |||
| Coordinates: 54°44′N 56°00′E / 54.733°N 56.000°E / 54.733; 56.000Coordinates: 54°44′N 56°00′E / 54.733°N 56.000°E / 54.733; 56.000 | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal subject | Bashkortostan[1] |
||
| Founded | 1574[3] |
||
| City status since | 1586[4] |
||
| Government | |||
| • Body | City Council[5] |
||
| • Head[5] |
Ulfat Mustafin[6] |
||
| Area [7] | |||
| • Total | 707.93 km2 (273.33 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation |
150 m (490 ft) | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[8] | |||
| • Total | 1,062,319 | ||
| • Estimate (2018)[9] |
1,120,547 | ||
| • Rank | 11th in 2010 |
||
| • Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) | ||
Administrative status | |||
| • Administratively subordinated to |
city of republic significance of Ufa[1] |
||
| • Capital of |
Republic of Bashkortostan[10] |
||
| • Administrative center of |
city of republic significance of Ufa[1], Ufimsky District[11] |
||
Municipal status | |||
| • Urban okrug |
Ufa Urban Okrug[12] |
||
| • Administrative center of |
Ufa Urban Okrug[12], Ufimsky Municipal District[12] |
||
| Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2  [13]) |
||
Postal code(s)[14] |
450000–450010, 450013–450015, 450017–450019, 450022, 450024, 450026–450030, 450032–450035, 450037–450040, 450043–450045, 450047, 450049–450059, 450061–450065, 450068, 450069, 450071, 450073–450081, 450083, 450091–450093, 450095–450101, 450103–450106, 450880, 450890, 450911–450948, 450951–450966, 450971–450979, 450981–450986, 450989–450999, 901139, 901229, 992200 |
||
| Dialing code(s) | +7 347 | ||
| Twin towns | Ankara, Halle (Saale) |
||
OKTMO ID |
80701000001 | ||
| Website | ufacity.info | ||
Ufa (Russian: Уфа́, tr. Ufá, IPA: [ʊˈfa]; Bashkir: Өфө Öfö; Bashkir pronunciation: [ʏ̞ˈfʏ̞], 
pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,062,319,[8] making it the eleventh most populous city in Russia.
Contents
1 History
2 Administrative and municipal status
3 Economy
4 Transportation
5 Demographics
6 Geography
6.1 Climate
7 Governance
8 Sports
9 Education and science
10 Ecological problems
11 Religion
12 Notable people
13 International relations
14 References
14.1 Notes
14.2 Sources
15 External links
History
Gerardus Mercator's map of Europe with Pascherti (Bashkort) settlement presumably in the position of modern Ufa.[15] Map was compiled in 1554, twenty years before the official date of the foundation of Ufa.
Early history of the surrounding area of Ufa dates back to Paleolithic times.[16] Presumably, from the 5th to the 16th century there was a medieval city on the site of Ufa.[17] On the Pizzigano brothers' map (1367)[18] and on the Catalan Atlas (1375)[19] a town approximately on the Belaya River was designated Pascherti (Bashkort),[20] and Gerardus Mercator's map (1554) also marked the settlement with the Pascherti name. French orientalist Henri Cordier associates the position of Pascherti with the current location of Ufa.[15]
Ibn Khaldun called the town, among the largest cities of the Golden Horde, Bashkort.[21]
Russian historian of the 18th century Peter Rychkov wrote that there was a great city on the territory of Ufa before the arrival of the Russians.[22]
The official of the Orenburg Governorate government Vasily Rebelensky wrote that Ufa was founded by the Bashkirs.[23]
Early color photograph of Ufa taken in 1910 by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
By order of Ivan the Terrible a fortress was built on the site of modern Ufa in 1574,[24] and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau.[25] 1574 is now considered to be the official date of Ufa's foundation.[3] Town status was granted to it in 1586.[4]
Before becoming the seat of a separate Ufa Governorate in 1781, the city, along with the rest of the Bashkir lands, was under the jurisdiction of the Orenburg governors. And even though the 1796 reform reunited Orenburg and Ufa again, in 1802 the city of Ufa became a new center of the entire Orenburg Governorate that included large territories of modern-day Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast, and Chelyabinsk Oblast. During the 1800-1810s, Scottish Russian architect William Heste developed a general city plan for Ufa as a regional capital shaping the modern outline of its historical center.[citation needed]
The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected the city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated development of the city's light industry. As a result, by 1913 the population of Ufa grew to 100,000.[citation needed] During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, a number of industrial enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. The city also became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.[citation needed]
During 9—10 July 2015 Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.[26]
Administrative and municipal status
Ufa is the capital of the republic[10] and, within the framework of the administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Ufimsky District,[11] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Ufa, an administrative unit with status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Ufa is incorporated as Ufa Urban Okrug.[12]
Economy
National Bank of Bashkortostan
According to Forbes, in 2013, Ufa was the best city in Russia for business among cities with population over one million.[27]
Many urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, and mechanical engineering reside in Ufa. Additionally, the economy of Ufa is composed of many fuel, energy, and engineering complexes.
Ufa is home to about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises.[28]
Some important enterprises in Ufa include:
UMPO OAO Ufa Engine-Building Production Association: subsidiary of NPO Saturn (gas turbine engines) [29]
Ufimsky petrochemical Plant (subsidiary of Bashneft)
Novo-Ufimsky refinery plant (subsidiary of Bashneft)
Ufimsky refinery plant (subsidiary of Bashneft)- Bashkir Trolleybus Manufacturing Plant JSC: trolley manufacturer[30]
Transportation
Ufa is linked by railways to the rest of Russia, having a railway station on a historic branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one federal highway. The M7 motorway links the city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia.
The Ufa International Airport has international flights to the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan,
and Cyprus as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns, including Moscow.
The Ufa Metro is a planned and oft-delayed subway system, discussed since the late 1980s. On May 30, 1996, there was a ceremony marking the beginning of preparatory construction work, attended by then-President Boris Yeltsin.[31]
Public transportation in Ufa includes trams (since 1937) and trolleybuses (since 1962), as well as bus and marshrutka (routed cabs) lines.[citation needed]
Ufa International Airport. The inscription "ӨФӨ" is "Ufa" in the Bashkir language.
BTZ-52763 trolleybus
VDL-NefAZ bus
71-623 low-entry tram
Demographics
| 2010 Census | 1,062,319[8] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 1,042,437[32] |
| 1989 Census | 1,082,052[33] |
| 1979 Census | 969,289[34] |
The population of Ufa exceeded one million in 1980.[citation needed]
As of the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of Ufa was:[citation needed]
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Russians | 48.9% |
| Tatars | 28.3% |
| Bashkirs | 17.1% |
| Ukrainian | 1.2% |
| others | 4.5% |
Geography
Ufa is situated in eastern Europe near its land boundary with Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya (Agidel) and Ufa Rivers, on low hills forming the Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Urals. The area of the city is 707.93 square kilometers (273.33 sq mi).[7] It stretches from north to south for 53.5 kilometers (33.2 mi) and from west to east for 29.8 kilometers (18.5 mi).[7]
Climate
Ufa has a warm summer continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) at the same time as the parallel is the northern boundary of this climate in the Canadian prairies. Strict winters but in some cases summers can be quite hot.[35] In terms of temperature is very similar to International Falls, Minnesota.[36]
| Climate data for Ufa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Year |
| Record high °C (°F) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.5 (101.3) |
33.4 (92.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
38.6 (101.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
−1 (30) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) |
−17 (1) |
−17 (1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−15 (5) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) |
−48.5 (−55.3) |
−43.5 (−46.3) |
−34.4 (−29.9) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−45 (−49) |
−48.5 (−55.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) |
48 (1.9) |
39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
33 (1.3) |
46 (1.8) |
66 (2.6) |
55 (2.2) |
58 (2.3) |
51 (2.0) |
58 (2.3) |
52 (2.0) |
51 (2.0) |
589 (23.2) |
| Average rainy days |
3 |
3 |
6 |
12 |
16 |
16 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
18 |
11 |
4 |
138 |
| Average snowy days |
25 |
21 |
16 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
20 |
24 |
122 |
| Average relative humidity (%) |
83 |
80 |
77 |
69 |
61 |
68 |
71 |
74 |
76 |
79 |
83 |
83 |
75 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours |
59 |
96 |
155 |
216 |
280 |
288 |
289 |
252 |
166 |
82 |
50 |
40 |
1,973 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[37] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[38] | |||||||||||||
Governance
House of Republic or Bashkir White House
- Local government
The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are:
- Council, a representative body. Formed of 35 deputies for 4 years.
- Chairman of the Board – the head of the urban okrug. Term of 4 years.
- Urban Okrug Administration. The structure of the administration approved by the Council on the proposal of the Head of the Administration.
- Head of the Administration manages the administration on the principles of unity of command. He is appointed under a contract entered into by the results of the competition. The term of office of the Head of the Administration is limited to the period of office of the Council of the convocation.[39]
Sports
Akbuzat racecourse. Named after the winged horse in the mythology of Bashkirs, analogue of Pegasus
[citation needed]
| Club | Sport | Founded | Current League | League Rank |
Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salavat Yulaev Ufa |
Ice Hockey |
1961 |
Kontinental Hockey League |
1st |
Ufa Arena |
Tolpar Ufa |
Ice Hockey |
2009 |
Minor Hockey League |
Jr. 1st |
Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev |
HC Agidel Ufa |
Ice Hockey |
2010 |
Russian Women's Hockey League |
1st |
Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev |
FC Ufa |
Football |
2009 |
Russian Premier League |
1st |
Neftyanik Stadium |
Ural Ufa |
Volleyball |
1992 |
Volleyball Super League |
1st |
Dynamo Sports Palace |
Samrau-UGNTU |
Volleyball |
1970 |
Women's Volleyball Super League |
2nd |
Dynamo Sports Palace |
Ugntu-VNZM |
Handball |
1960 |
Russian Handball Super League |
1st |
Sports Complex UGNTU |
Ufa-Alisa |
Handball |
1989 |
Russian Women's Handball Super League |
1st |
FOK Sports School 32 |
Ufimets |
Basketball |
2012 |
3rd |
BGAU |
Education and science
Bashkir State University, the main campus
Educational institutions include:
- Bashkir State University
- Ufa State Aviation Technical University
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
- Bashkir State Medical University
- Bashkir State Agrarian University
Graduate universities and law schools:
Ural State Law Academy Ufa's campus
Scientific institutions include:
- Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan[40]
- Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (USC RAS)[41]
Ecological problems
Periodically, a suffocating, unpleasant chemical smell is felt on the territory of the Ufa[42][43][44]. The media reports about the smell come out with an enviable regularity. All these reports are not groundless, and the culprits are getting out of responsibility due to the fact that there is no Continuous Emission Control System (CEMS) in the city.
Absence of cleaning streets, there are no street vacuum cleaners, road vacuum sweepers, industrial (street) vacuum cleaners on the streets. Unfortunately, there is a complete lack of cleaning in the city.
According to the letter of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) No. 20-18 / 218 of 11.07.18: "In the framework of solving problems at the federal level in the implementation of the state monitoring of atmospheric air, the territorial office of Roshydromet - FGBU Bashkir UGMS monitors pollution of atmospheric air in Ufa at 9 stationary posts of the state observation network located in different parts of the city to estimate the level of air pollution generated by the total release and stationary and mobile sources of pollutants. Suspended substances (dust) are measured at all 9 posts of the state observation network. The results of observations of the pollutants content are presented on the official website of the Bashkir State Hydrometeorological Service in the section "Monitoring of environmental pollution" (http://www.meteorb.ru/monitorinu/air-pollution-ufa) daily and monthly. In 2017, the maximum single concentration of suspended solids reached 4.6 MPC m. in March 2017, at the address: Oktyabrya Ave., 141, located near the motorway with heavy traffic, and in April 2017 at the post: Dostoyevsky St., 102/1, located in the area of the industrial enterprise. During 2017 almost all posts of the state observation network recorded exceedances of a single concentration of suspended substances. At the same time, in order to implement regional state environmental oversight aimed at preventing, detecting and suppressing violations by public authorities, local authorities, and legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and citizens of requirements in the field of atmospheric air protection, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Republic Bashkortostan operates the State Bank of the Republic of Belarus "Office of State Analytical Control", to whose tasks, including GSI "organization of periodic environmental monitoring mobile laboratories in the areas where the population lives in the republic and in the zones of protective measures in the system of the general program of integrated environmental and sanitary-hygienic monitoring. " Going to the site http://www.meteorb.ru/monitoring/air-pollution-ufa found that all 9 posts of the state observational network of Roshydromet are located at a considerable distance from the area of Inors and Sipaylovo, from residential areas. Control of MPC and air quality in residential areas is not carried out.
Religion
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Lyalya Tyolpan Mosque (left) and Cathedral of the Nativity of the Theotokos.
The major religions in the city are Sunni Islam and Russian Orthodoxy. The Bezpopovtsy strain of Russian Old Believers is also registered in Ufa.[45]
Ufa is a place of location of The Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia. In 1989, the Russian Islamic University was opened. One of the largest mosques in Europe, Ar-Rahim, is under construction in Ufa.
Notable people
Notable Ufa people include:
Sergey Aksakov (1791–1859), writer and literary critic, born and raised in Ufa
Vera Timanova (1855–1942), pianist, born and grew up in Ufa
Mikhail Nesterov (1862–1942), painter, one of the main figures of the Symbolist artist movement, born and raised in Ufa
Feodor Chaliapin (1873–1938), opera singer, spent early years of his career in Ufa
Valerian Albanov (1882–1919), Arctic explorer, born in Ufa
Jaroslav Hašek (1883–1923), Czech writer and journalist, lived in Ufa during the Civil War, worked in local newspapers
Amina Hanum Syrtlanoff (1884–1939?) chairman of the Petrograd Muslim Educational Society.
Natalya Kovshova (1920–1942), World War II sniper, born in Ufa
Gabdulkhay Akhatov (1927–1986), linguist, turkologist, Bashkir University professor
Rudolf Nureyev (1938–1993), ballet dancer, grew up in Ufa
Boris Kolker (born 1939), linguist, esperantologist, lived in Ufa
Sergei Dovlatov (1941–1990), writer and journalist, born in Ufa
Zemfira, famous singer in Russia
Vladimir Spivakov (born 1944), conductor and violinist, born in Ufa
Vladimir Vinogradov (1955–2008), banker, one of the first Russian billionaires of the post-Soviet era, born in Ufa
Yuriy Shevchuk (born 1957), rock musician, DDT frontman, grew up and started his career in Ufa
Elvira Nabiullina (born 1963), Governor of the Bank of Russia and former Minister of Economic Development of Russia, born and grew up in Ufa
Igor Kravchuk (born 1966), Alexander Semak (born 1966), Andrei Zyuzin (born 1978), Andrei Zubarev (born 1987), ice hockey players
Andrey Gubin (born 1974), pop singer, born in Ufa
Zemfira (born 1976), rock musician, born, grew up and made her career in Ufa
Ildar Abdrazakov (born 1976), Grammy Award-winning bass opera singer, born in Ufa, Ufa Academy of Arts graduate
Sergey Baklykov, host of popular YouTube channel Real Russia.
Maxim Tchoudov (born 1982), biathlete, grew up in Ufa
Sophie Milman (born 1983), jazz singer, born in Ufa
Alexei Vasilevsky (ice hockey) (born 1993), Russian ice hockey defenceman
Daniil Kvyat (born 1994), Scuderia Toro Rosso[46]Formula 1 driver, born in Ufa
Dimitry Vassiliev (born 1979), ski jumper, born in Ufa
Ivan Dremin (born 1997), rapper, musical artist, better known as FACE
International relations
Ufa is twinned with:
Ankara, Turkey
Halle, Germany
Shenyang, China[47]
Hefei, China
Qiqihar, China
Nanchang, China
Astana, Kazakhstan
References
Notes
^ abcdef Resolution #391
^ The official website of Ufa does not list an anthem among the official symbols of the city.
^ ab Official website of Ufa. Brief Information About Ufa (in Russian)
^ ab Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 498. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ ab Charter of Ufa, Article 18
^ Official website of Ufa. Irek Ishmukhametovich Yalalov, Head of the Ufa Urban Okrug Administration (in Russian)
^ abc Official website of Ufa. Land Utilization (in Russian)
^ abc Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
^ ab Law #166-z
^ ab Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 80 252», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 80 252, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
^ abcd Law #162-z
^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
^ ab «Mercator and Hondius (loth Ed., 1630) and N. Sanson (1650) show Jorman on the south of the Kama R., Pascherti in the position of Ufa, the present head-quarter of the Bashkirs, Sagatin ( = Fachatim of the text) at the head of the Ufa River, Marmorea on the Bielaya south of Ufa». — Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Chʻeng-wen Publishing Company, 1967. Henri Cordier
^ Главархитектура г. Уфы — История г. Уфы
^ Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. Уфа, 2001. С 70, 71, Он же. Mons Et Urbis: Уральские горы и город Уфа в европейской средневековой картографической традиции//Архив Башкортостана, № 1. 2007. С. 17-23.
^ Рудаков В. Г. К вопросу о двух столицах в Золотой Орде и местоположении города Гюлистана // Научное наследие А. П. Смирнова и современные проблемы археологии Волго-Камья. Материалы научной конференции. Труды ГИМ. Вып. 122. — М., 2000. — Рис. 1.
^ Там же; Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. — Уфа, 2001. — С. 71.
^ Мажитов Н.А,, Султанова А. Н. Сунгатов Ф. А. Башкирские города по арабским источникам IX—X вв. // Вестник АН РБ. 2008. Т. 13, № 2. С. 44-—48; Мажитов Н. А., Сунгатов Ф. А., Иванов В. А., Сатаров Т. Р., Султанова А. Н., Иванова Е. В. Городище Уфа II. Материалы раскопок 2006 года. Т. 1. Уфа, 2007. 160 с: ил.
^ Золотая Орда в источниках. T.I. Арабские и персидские сочинения. М., 2003. С 169.
^ Рычков П. И. История Оренбургская (1730—1750 гг.). Оренбург, 1896. С. 68,69.
^ «Краткое описание губернского города Уфы с начала его построения до сего 1806 года». // Что ж касается башкирцев, то видно из многих описаний, как сего народа, так и о жительстве их, кои от различных возмущений, как и междоусобных воин, так и соседних своих народов, строили маленькие укрепления и городки и наконец, соединясь во множестве, распространили свои жилища и укрепления, а для сей причины и город Уфа построен.
^ [1] History of Ufa
^ [2] Beyond Moscow -Ufa. Khristina Narizhnaya, The Moscow Times, Oct. 16 2011
^ Ufa – 2015 SCO BRICS. Official site
^ 30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2013 // Forbes.ru
^ Ufa – capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan Archived May 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ http://www.interfax-russia.ru/Povoljie/news.asp?id=165284&sec=1679
^ http://www.oaobtz.ru/
^ Yeltsin lays cornerstone of first subway station Archived August 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 6, 2013
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России" [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
^ "Ufa, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
^ "Average Weather in International Falls, Minnesota, United States, Year Round - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
^
"Weather and Climate – The Climate of Ufa" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved December 8, 2015.
^
"Ufa Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
^ "Charter of the Urban Okrug of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan". Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
^ [3]
^ [4]
^ [24.06.18г. Жители Уфы пожаловались на зловонный химзапах, взяты пробы. Источник: https://tdnu.ru/article/news/v-ufe-gorozhane-pozhalovalis-na-zlovonnyj-himicheskij-zapah/ ]
^ [24.11.17г. Минэкологии Башкирии: Причина химического запаха в Уфе – пыль. Уфимцы из разных районов города жаловались на клубы пыли и запах серы.https://mkset.ru/news/city/24-11-2017/minekologii-bashkirii-prichina-himicheskogo-zapaha-v-ufe-pyl ]
^ [09.06.16 г. Неприятный химический запах в городе, в чем причина? Источник материала: https://ufa1.ru/text/gorod/175662438797312.html]
^ "БАШКОРТОСТАН". Православная Энциклопедия. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
^ http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24100/10270127/max-verstappen-and-daniil-kvyats-red-bull-swap-ted-kravitz-qa
^ Ufa Soviet Cafeterias and IKEA Furniture The St. Petersburg Times
Sources
Правительство Республики Башкортостан. Постановление №391 от 29 декабря 2006 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Республики Башкортостан», в ред. Постановления №61 от 26 февраля 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Республики Башкортостан». Опубликован: "Ведомости Государственного Собрания – Курултая, Президента и Правительства Республики Башкортостан", №5 (251), ст. 239, 12 марта 2007 г. (Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Resolution #391 of December 29, 2006 On Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Entities and Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Resolution #61 of February 26, 2013 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Entities and Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. ).
Закон №166-з от 26 декабря 2014 г. «О статусе города Уфы — столицы Республики Башкортостан». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования (6 января 2015 г.). Опубликован: официальный Интернет-портал правовой информации Республики Башкортостан http://www.npa.bashkortostan.ru, 27 декабря 2014 г. (Law #166-z of December 26, 2014 On the Status of the City of Ufa—the Capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication (January 6, 2015).).
Государственное Собрание —Курултай Республики Башкортостан. Закон №162-з от 17 декабря 2004 г. «О границах, статусе и административных центрах муниципальных образований в Республике Башкортостан», в ред. Закона №572-з от 17 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Республики Башкортостан "О границах, статусе и административных центрах муниципальных образований в Республике Башкортостан"». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 33. Опубликован: "Республика Башкортостан", №52 (25785), 22 марта 2005 г. (State Assembly of Bashkortostan—El Kurultai. Law #162-z of December 17, 2004 On the Borders, Status, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations in the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Law #572-z of July 17, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan "On the Borders, Status, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations in the Republic of Bashkortostan". Effective as of the date established in accordance with the provisions of Article 33.).
Совет городского округа города Уфа Республики Башкортостан. Решение №3/6 от 15 декабря 2005 г. «Об Уставе городского округа город Уфа Республики Башкортостан», в ред. Решения №41/2 от 28 января 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав городского округа город Уфа Республики Башкортостан». Вступил в силу 29 декабря 2005 г. Опубликован: "Вечерняя Уфа", №248 (10396), 28 декабря 2005 г. (Council of the Municipal Formation of the City of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Decision #3/6 of December 15, 2005 On the Charter of the Urban Okrug of the City of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Decision #41/2 of January 28, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug of the City of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Effective as of December 29, 2005.).
External links
- Official website of Ufa
(in Russian) Official website of Ufa
(in Russian) Official website of the Council of Ufa Urban Okrug
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