Mixing
Lockheed Vega
| Vega | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Red Lockheed Vega 5b flown by Amelia Earhart in breaking two world records. | |
| Role |
transport |
| Manufacturer |
Lockheed Aircraft Limited |
| Designer |
John Knudsen Northrop and Gerald Vultee |
| First flight |
July 4, 1927 |
| Introduction |
1928 |
| Status |
Retired |
| Primary users |
Commercial air carriers United States Army Air Forces |
Number built |
132 |
The Lockheed Vega is an American six-passenger high-wing monoplane airliner built by the Lockheed Corporation starting in 1927. It became famous for its use by a number of record-breaking pilots who were attracted to the rugged and very long-range design. Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly the Atlantic solo in one, and Wiley Post used his to prove the existence of the jet stream after having flown around the world twice.
Contents
1 Design and development
2 Operational history
2.1 Vega DL-1A: NC372E/G-ABFE/G-ABGK/VH-UVK/A42-1
3 Variants
4 Operators
5 Aircraft on display
6 Specifications (Vega 5)
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Citations
8.3 Bibliography
9 External links
Design and development
Designed by John Knudsen Northrop and Gerald Vultee, both of whom would later form their own companies, the aircraft was originally intended to serve with Lockheed's own airline routes. They set out to build a four-seat aircraft that was not only rugged but also one of the fastest aircraft of its era. Using a wooden monocoque fuselage, plywood-covered cantilever wings and the best engine available, the Vega delivered on the promise of speed.
The fuselage was built from sheets of plywood, skinned over wooden ribs. Using a large concrete mold, a single half of the fuselage shell was laminated in sections with glue between each layer and then a rubber bladder was lowered into the mold and inflated with air to compress the lamination into shape against the inside of the mold. The two fuselage halves were then nailed and glued over a separately constructed rib framework. With the fuselage constructed in this fashion, the wing spar couldn't cut through the fuselage, so the single spar cantilever wing was mounted atop the aircraft. Only the engine and landing gear remained essentially unstreamlined, and on the production versions the undercarriage had teardrop shaped fairings covering the wheels, while only the earliest versions lacked NACA cowlings and had the engine cylinders exposed to the airstream. It was powered by the Wright Whirlwind air-cooled radial engine, which delivered 225 horsepower (168 kW).
Operational history
U.S. Army Air Corps Y1C-12.
The Y1C-17
Lockheed Vega Interior - Metal Fuselage Variant
The first Vega 1, named the Golden Eagle, flew from Lockheed's Los Angeles plant on July 4, 1927. It could cruise at a then-fast 120 mph (193 km/h), and had a top speed of 135 mph (217 km/h). The four-passenger (plus one pilot) load was considered too small for airline use. A number of private owners placed orders for the design, and by the end of 1928, 68 of this original design had been produced. In the 1929 National Air Races in Cleveland, Vegas won every speed award.
In 1928, Vega Yankee Doodle (NX4789) was used to break transcontinental speed records. On August 19–20, Hollywood stunt flier Arthur C. Goebel broke the coast-to-coast record of Russell Maughan by flying from Los Angeles, California, to Garden City, New York, in 18 hours and 58 minutes, in what was also the first nonstop flight from west to east. On October 25, barnstormer and former mail pilot Charles B.D. Collyer broke the nonstop east to west record set in 1923 by the U.S. Army Air Service in 24 hours and 51 minutes. Trying to break the new West-to-East record on November 3, Collyer crashed near Prescott, Arizona, killing him and the aircraft owner, Harry J. Tucker.[1]
Looking to improve the design, Lockheed delivered the Vega 5 in 1929. Adding the Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp engine of 450 hp (336 kW) and a new NACA cowling improved performance enough to allow the addition of two more seats, and increased cruising speed to 155 mph (249 km/h) and top speed to 165 mph (266 km/h). The new six-seat configuration proved to be too small, and the 5 was purchased primarily for private aviation and executive transport. A total of 64 Vega 5s were built. In 1931, the United States Army Air Corps bought two Vega 5s; one designated C-12 and one as the C-17. The C-17 had additional fuel tanks in the wings.
The Vega could be difficult to land. In her memoir, Elinor Smith wrote that it had "all the glide potential of a boulder falling off a mountain."[2] In addition, forward and side visibility from the cockpit was extremely limited; Lane Wallace, a columnist for Flying magazine, wrote that "Even [in level flight], the windscreen would offer a better view of the sky than anything else, which would make it more of a challenge to detect changes in attitude or bank angle. On takeoff or landing, there'd be almost no forward visibility whatsoever."
Vega DL-1A: NC372E/G-ABFE/G-ABGK/VH-UVK/A42-1
A one-off special, based on the metal-fuselaged DL-1, was built by the Detroit Aircraft Corporation, and exported to the United Kingdom for Lt. Cmdr. Glen Kidston. It was initially registered in the UK as G-ABFE, then was re-registered as G-ABGK to incorporate Kidston's initials.[3] He used this Vega to set a record-breaking time from the UK to South Africa in April 1931. Following Kidston's death the following month, the aircraft was eventually sold to Australian airline owner Horrie Miller for entry by him into the MacRobertson Air Race. Piloted in the race by Miller's Chief Pilot, Capt. Jimmy Woods, it overturned on landing at Aleppo en route, whereupon Woods withdrew from the race and the DL-1A was eventually shipped to Australia. Following repairs and re-registration to VH-UVK, the aircraft was used for charter and leisure flying by Miller, before being impressed by the Royal Australian Air Force in 1941. In 1944, the aircraft was transferred to the Dept. Civil Aviation. Via information from RAAF pilots, DCA declared the Vega to have serious pitch control problems and it would be scrapped. Attempts by James Woods to reclaim the aircraft were ignored, and it was destroyed in October 1945. It was the only Vega to operate in Australia.[3]
Variants
The UC-101
- Vega 1
- Five-seat cabin monoplane, accommodation for one pilot and four passengers, powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Wright J-5, J-5A, J-5AB or J-5C Whirlwind radial piston engine.
- Vega 2
- Five-seat cabin monoplane, powered by a 300 hp (224 kW) Wright J-6 Whirlwind radial piston engine.
- Vega 2A
- Redesignation of one Vega 2 aircraft, modified for higher gross weights operators.
- Vega 2D
- Redesignation of two Vega 1s and one Vega 2, each fitted with a 300 hp (224 kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial piston engine.
- Vega 5
- Improved version, powered by a 410 hp (306 kW) Wasp A, 450 hp (336 kW) Wasp B or 420 hp (313 kW) Wasp C1 radial piston engine.
- Vega 5A Executive
- Executive transport version, with a plush interior.
- Vega 5B
- Seven-seat passenger transport version, built for higher gross weight operations with commercial operators.
- Vega 5C
- Seven-seat cabin monoplane, with revised tail surfaces, built for higher gross weight operations.
- DL-1
- Vega 5C with a light alloy fuselage. Built by the Detroit Aircraft Corporation.[4]
- DL-1A/DL-1 Special
- One-off air racing and record breaking version, c/n 155.
- DL-1B
- Seven-seat cabin monoplane, similar to the DL-1. Built by the Detroit Aircraft Corporation.
- Y1C-12
- One DL-1 acquired by the U.S. Army Air Corps for service tests and evaluation.
- Y1C-17
- One DL-1B acquired by the U.S. Army Air Corps for service tests and evaluation.
- UC-101
- One Vega 5C impressed into service with the U.S. Army Air Force in 1942.
Operators
Australia
Royal Australian Air Force - one aircraft only
Spain
Spanish Republican Air Force - one aircraft only
United States
- United States Army Air Corps
- United States Army Air Forces
Aircraft on display
Airworthy 1933 Detroit Vega DL-1 based at the Commemorative Air Force Airbase Arizona
Wiley Post's "Winnie Mae," a model 5C, while on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
Original 1929 Vega c/n 72 restored to Wiley Post's "Winnie Mae" colors and owned by Fantasy of Flight
- 22 – Vega 5B on static display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. This was Amelia Earhart's aircraft.[5][6]
- 40 – Vega 2D on static display at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. It was used by Donald Baxter MacMillan for exploration and mapping.[7][8]
- 72 – Vega 5C under restoration to airworthy by Kevin Kimball in Mt. Dora, Florida for Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida.[9][10] First owned by the Independent Oil and Gas Company of Tulsa, Oklahoma; it was restored by Dave Jameson in 1969 in the paint scheme of the Winnie Mae. The aircraft was also an airborne electronics laboratory for the General Electric company. It differs from the original with a larger R-1340 engine installation.[11]
- 122 Winnie Mae – Vega 5C on static display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia. It was flown around the world twice and for high altitude testing by Wiley Post.[12][13]
- 161 – DL-1B on display with John O. Magoffin Jr. of Tucson, Arizona. It was originally registered as NC12288. Its first post restoration flight was on December 17, 2013.[14][15][16]
- 203 Shell Oil Number 7 – Vega 5C on static display at the Jimmy Doolittle Center in Vacaville, California. It was flown by Jimmy Doolittle.[17][18]
Specifications (Vega 5)
General characteristics
Crew: one (pilot)
Capacity: six passengers
Length: 28 ft 6 in (8.7 m)
Wingspan: 41 ft (12.5 m)
Height: 6 ft 5 in (2.0 m)
Wing area: 250 sq ft (23.2 m2)
Airfoil: Clark Y
Empty weight: 2,565 lb (1,163 kg)
Loaded weight: 4,500 lb (2,041 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Wasp R-1340C, 450 hp (335.6 kW)
Performance
Maximum speed: 185 mph (298 km/h)
Cruise speed: 165 mph (265 km/h)
Range: 725 mi (1,165 km)
Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (9,570 m)
Rate of climb: 1,300 ft/min (6.6 m/s)
See also
Related development
- Lockheed Air Express
- Lockheed Altair
- Lockheed Explorer
- Lockheed Model 8 Sirius
- Lockheed Model 9 Orion
Related lists
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of Lockheed aircraft
References
Notes
Citations
^ "Charles B.D. Collyer." Davis-Monthan Aviation Field Register, December 25, 2011. Retrieved: December 27, 2012.
^ Smith 1981, p. 94.
^ ab Goodall, Geoff. "Vega VH-UVK: The Story of a Unique Aeroplane." Journal of the Aviation Historical Society of Australia, Volume 17, Issue 4.
^ Budd Davidson (June 2014). "A Superstar Reborn". Sport Aviation: 52..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Amelia Earhart's Lockheed Vega 5B". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "FAA REGISTRY [N7952]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "1929 Lockheed Vega 5B Monoplane, Used by Explorer Donald MacMillan". The Henry Ford. The Henry Ford. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Lockheed Vega 2D, c/n 40, c/r N965Y {2}". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ Weeks, Kermit (15 July 2012). "Lockheed Vega heads off for Restoration!". Fantasy of Flight. Fantasy of Flight. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ Clukey, Pete. "Vega Number 72: Keeping History Alive". Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin Corporation. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "The Return of the Winnie Mae." Sport Aviation, October 1969.
^ "Lockheed Vega Winnie Mae". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ Swopes, Bryan R. (15 July 2017). "15 July 1933". This Day in Aviation. WordPress. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "Lockheed Vega Restoration Update". Antique Airfield. Antique Aircraft Association and Airpower Museum. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ Phelps, Mark (19 December 2013). "Video: Vintage Lockheed Vega Flies Again". Flying. Flying Magazine. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "FAA REGISTRY [N12288]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ Namowitz, Dan (16 June 2016). "DOOLITTLE CENTER ACQUIRES HISTORIC LOCKHEED VEGA". AOPA. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "FAA REGISTRY [N13705]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Bibliography
.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}
- Allen, Richard Sanders. Revolution in the Sky: Those Fabulous Lockheeds, The Pilots Who Flew Them. Brattleboro, Vermont: The Stephen Greene Press, 1964.
Boyne, Walter J. Beyond the Horizons: The Lockheed Story. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.
ISBN 0-312-19237-1.- Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987.
ISBN 0-85177-835-6. - Smith, Elinor. Aviatrix. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.
ISBN 0-15-110372-0.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lockheed Vega. |
- Lockheed Vega 5B
- The Lockheed Vega in the film Flying Down to Rio
"Wiley Post seeks New Record" Popular Mechanics, October 1934 pp. 492–494. Drawing of Winnie Mae modified for high altitude record attempt
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