List of Olympic torch relays
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The Olympic torch relay is the ceremonial relaying of the Olympic flame from Olympia, Greece, to the site of an Olympic Games. It was first performed at the 1936 Berlin Games,[1] and has taken place prior to every Games since.
Although in the past some Olympic organizing committees organized torch relays which encompassed multiple countries, the International Olympic Committee now restricts international relays due to the protests during the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay, in which the relay was met with protests at several international sites on its way to Beijing, China.[2]
Contents
1 Summer Olympic Games
2 Winter Olympic Games
3 Youth Summer Olympic Games
4 Youth Winter Olympic Games
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Summer Olympic Games
Site of the Olympic Games |
Days |
Total length (in km) |
Total number of torchbearers |
Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
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8 |
3,422 |
3,422 |
Olympia – Athens – Thessaloniki (Greece) – Sofia (Bulgaria) – Belgrade (Yugoslavia) – Budapest (Hungary) – Vienna (Austria) – Prague (Czechoslovakia) – Dresden – Berlin (Germany) Two secondary relays carried the flame from Olympic Stadium in Berlin to the off-site aquatic venues: Grunau (for the rowing course), and Kiel (yachting). The cauldron in Kiel sat in an old Hanseatic galley in the bay. Kiel would also be the yachting site of the 1972 Munich Olympics. |
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13 |
7,870 |
3,372 |
Olympia – Corfu (Greece) (by ship) Bari – Milan (Italy) – Lausanne – Geneva (Switzerland) – Besançon – Metz (France) – Luxembourg (Luxembourg) – Brussels (Belgium) – Lille – Calais (France) (by ship)– Dover – London (Great Britain) A second relay carried the flame from Wembley, where the Games were based, to the sailing centre at Torbay, via Slough, Basingstoke, Salisbury, and Exeter. |
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5 |
3,365 |
1,416 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Aalborg - Odense - Copenhagen (Denmark) (by ship) Malmö - Gothenburg - Stockholm (Sweden) - Tornio - Oulu - Helsinki (Finland). A second flame was lit in Pallastunturi (Finland) and joined the main one in Tornio |
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21 |
20,470 |
3,118 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Darwin - Brisbane - Sydney - Canberra - Melbourne (Australia) |
![]() (equestrian Games) |
9 |
1,000 |
490 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Copenhagen (Denmark) (by ship) Malmö - Stockholm (Sweden) |
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14 |
2,750 |
1,529 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by ship) Syracuse - Catania - Messina - Reggio Calabria - Naples - Rome (Italy) |
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51 |
20,065 |
870 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Istanbul (Turkey) - Beirut (Lebanon) - Tehran (Iran) - Lahore (Pakistan) - New Delhi (India) - Rangoon (Burma) - Bangkok (Thailand) - Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) - Manila (Philippines) - Hong Kong (Hong Kong) - Taipei (Taiwan) - Okinawa - Tokyo (Japan, following four different routes) |
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51 |
13,620 |
2,778 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by ship) Genoa (Italy) (by ship) Barcelona - Madrid - Seville - Palos (by ship) Las Palmas (Spain) - San Salvador Island (Bahamas) - Veracruz - Mexico City (Mexico) |
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30 |
5,532 |
6,000 |
Olympia - Athens - Thessaloniki (Greece) - Istanbul (Turkey) - Varna (Bulgaria) - Bucharest - Timişoara (Romania) - Belgrade (Yugoslavia) - Budapest (Hungary) - Vienna - Linz - Salzburg - Innsbruck (Austria) - Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Munich (West Germany) |
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5 |
775 |
1,214 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (satellite transmission of an electronic pulse) Ottawa - Montreal (Canada) |
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31 |
4,915 |
5,000 |
Olympia - Athens - Thessaloniki (Greece) - Sofia (Bulgaria) - Bucharest (Romania) - Kishinev - Vinnytsia - Kiev - Tula - Moscow (USSR) |
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83 |
15,000 |
3,636 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) New York – Boston – Philadelphia – Washington – Detroit – Chicago – Indianapolis – Atlanta – St. Louis – Dallas – Denver – Salt Lake City – Seattle – San Francisco – San Diego - Los Angeles (USA) |
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26 |
15,250 |
1,467 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Jeju - Busan - Seoul (South Korea) |
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51 |
6,307 |
10,448 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by ship) Empúries - Bilbao - A Coruña - Madrid - Seville (by airplane) Las Palmas - Málaga - Valencia (by ship) Palma de Mallorca – Barcelona (Spain) |
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112 |
29,016 |
13,267 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Los Angeles – Las Vegas – San Francisco – Seattle – Salt Lake City – Denver – Dallas – St. Louis – Minneapolis – Chicago – Detroit - Boston – New York – Philadelphia – Washington – Miami – Birmingham - Atlanta (USA) |
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127 |
27,000 |
13,300 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Guam - Palau - Federated States of Micronesia - Nauru - Solomon Islands -Papua New Guinea - Vanuatu - Samoa - American Samoa - Cook Islands - Tonga - Queenstown - Christchurch - Wellington - Rotorua - Auckland (New Zealand) - Uluru - Brisbane - Darwin - Perth - Adelaide - Melbourne - Canberra - Sydney (Australia) |
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142 |
86,000 |
11,360 |
Olympia - Marathonas - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Sydney - Melbourne (Australia) - Tokyo (Japan) - Seoul (South Korea) - Beijing (People's Republic of China) - Delhi (India) - Cairo (Egypt) - Cape Town (South Africa) - Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) - Mexico City (Mexico) - Los Angeles - St. Louis - Atlanta - New York (USA) - Montreal (Canada) - Antwerp - Brussels (Belgium) - Amsterdam (Netherlands) - Lausanne - Geneva (Switzerland) - Paris (France) - London (Great Britain) - Madrid - Barcelona (Spain) - Rome (Italy) - Munich - Berlin (Germany) - Stockholm (Sweden) - Helsinki (Finland) - Moscow (Russia) - Kiev (Ukraine) - Istanbul (Turkey) - Sofia (Bulgaria) - Nicosia (Cyprus) - Iraklion - Thessaloniki - Patras - Athens (Greece) |
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130 |
137,000 |
21,880 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) - Beijing (People's Republic of China) (by airplane) - Almaty (Kazakhstan) (by airplane) - Istanbul (Turkey) (by airplane) - Saint Petersburg (Russia) (by airplane) - London (Great Britain) (by airplane) – Paris (France) (by airplane) – San Francisco (USA) (by airplane) – Buenos Aires (Argentina) (by airplane) – Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) (by airplane) – Muscat (Oman) (by airplane) – Islamabad (Pakistan) (by airplane) – New Delhi (India) (by airplane) – Bangkok (Thailand) (by airplane) – Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) (by airplane) – Jakarta (Indonesia) (by airplane) – Canberra (Australia) (by airplane) – Nagano (Japan) (by airplane) – Seoul (South Korea) (by airplane) – Pyongyang (North Korea) (by airplane) – Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) (by airplane) – Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China) (by ship) – Macau (Macau, China) (by airplane) – Sanya - Wuzhishan - Wanning - Haikou (Hainan) (by airplane) – Guangzhou - Shenzhen - Huizhou - Shantou (Guangdong) (by airplane) – Fuzhou - Quanzhou - Xiamen - Longyan (Fujian) (by airplane) – Ruijin - Jinggangshan - Nanchang (Jiangxi) (by airplane) – Wenzhou - Shaoxing - Hangzhou - Ningbo - Jiaxing (Zhejiang) (by airplane) – Shanghai (by airplane) – Suzhou - Nantong - Taizhou - Yangzhou - Nanjing (Jiangsu) (by airplane) – Hefei - Huainan - Wuhu - Jixi - Huangshan (Anhui) (by airplane) – Wuhan - Yichang - Jingzhou (Hubei) (by airplane) – Yueyang - Changsha - Shaoshan (Hunan) (by airplane) – Guilin - Nanning - Baise (Guangxi) (by airplane) – Kunming - Lijiang - Shangri-La (Yunnan) (by airplane) – Guiyang - Kaili - Zunyi (Guizhou) (by airplane) – Chongqing (by airplane) – Ürümqi - Kashgar - Shihezi - Changji (Xinjiang) (by airplane) – Lhasa (Tibet) (by airplane) – Golmud - Qinghai Lake - Xining (Qinghai) (by airplane) – Yuncheng - Pingyao - Taiyuan - Datong (Shanxi) (by airplane) – Jiuquan (by airplane) – Zhongwei - Wuzhong - Yinchuan (Ningxia) (by airplane) – Yan'an - Yangling - Xianyang - Xi'an (Shaanxi) (by airplane) – Dunhuang - Jiayuguan - Lanzhou (Gansu) (by airplane) – Hohhot - Ordos - Baotou - Chifeng (Inner Mongolia) (by airplane) – Harbin - Daqing - Qiqihar (Heilongjiang) (by airplane) – Changchun - Songyuan - Jilin - Yanji (Jilin) (by airplane) – Shenyang - Anshan - Dalian (Liaoning) (by airplane) –Qingdao - Linyi - Qufu - Tai'an - Jinan (Shandong) (by airplane) – Zhengzhou - Kaifeng - Luoyang - Anyang (Henan) (by airplane) – Shijiazhuang - Qinhuangdao - Tangshan (Hebei) (by airplane) – Tianjin (by airplane) – Guang'an - Leshan - Chengdu (Sichuan) (by airplane) – Beijing (People's Republic of China) Sichuan route postponed to the end due to earthquake. |
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70 |
12,800 |
8,000 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) - Land's End - Plymouth - Exeter - Taunton - Bristol - Cheltenham - Worcester - Malvern (England) (by train) - Cardiff - Swansea - Aberystwyth - Bangor (Wales) (by train) - Chester - Stoke-on-Trent - Bolton - Liverpool (England) (by ship) - Douglas (Isle of Man) (by ship) - Portrush - Derry - Newry (Northern Ireland) (by airplane) - Dublin (Republic of Ireland) (by airplane) - Belfast (Northern Ireland) (by airplane) - Glasgow - Inverness - Kirkwall - Lerwick - Stornoway - Aberdeen - Dundee - Edinburgh (Scotland) (by train) - Alnwick - Newcastle - Durham - Middlesbrough - Hull - York - Carlisle - Bowness-on-Windermere - Blackpool - Manchester - Leeds - Sheffield - Cleethorpes - Lincoln - Nottingham - Derby - Birmingham - Coventry - Leicester - Peterborough - Norwich - Ipswich - Chelmsford - Cambridge - Luton - Oxford - Reading - Basingstoke - Winchester - Salisbury - Weymouth and Portland - Bournemouth - Southampton (England) (by ship) - Saint Peter Port (Guernsey) (by ship) - Saint Helier (Jersey) (by ship) - Portsmouth - Brighton and Hove - Brighton - Hastings - Dover - Maidstone - Guildford - London (England) (Great Britain) |
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106 |
20,000 |
12,000 |
Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) - Lausanne - Geneva (Switzerland) (by airplane) - Brasilia (Federal District) - Goiânia (Goias) - Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) - Vitória (Espirito Santo) - Salvador (Bahia) - Aracaju (Sergipe) - Maceió (Alagoas) - Recife (Pernambuco) - Joao Pessoa (Paraiba) - Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) - Fernando de Noronha - Fortaleza (Ceará) - Teresina (Piaui) - Palmas (Tocantins) - São Luís (Maranhão) - Belém (Para) - Macapá (Amapá) - Boa Vista (Roraima) - Manaus (Amazonas) - Rio Branco (Acre) - Porto Velho (Rondônia) - Cuiabá (Mato Grosso) - Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul)- Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul) - Florianópolis (Santa Catarina) - Curitiba (Paraná) - São Paulo (São Paulo) - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) (Brazil) |
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- |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) - Fukushima - Tokyo (Japan) |
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- |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) – Paris (France) |
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- |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) – Los Angeles (USA) |
Winter Olympic Games
Site of the Olympic Games |
Days |
Total length (in km) |
Total number of torchbearers |
Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
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2 |
225 |
94 |
Morgedal – Oslo (Norway) |
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5 |
Rome - Venice – Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) |
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19 |
960 |
700 |
Morgedal – Oslo (Norway) (by airplane) - Los Angeles – Fresno – Squaw Valley (USA) |
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8 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Vienna – Innsbruck (Austria) |
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50 |
7,222 |
5,000 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Paris – Strasbourg – Lyon – Bordeaux – Toulouse – Marseille – Nice – Chamonix – Grenoble (France) |
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38 |
18,741 |
16,300 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Okinawa (by airplane) Tokyo – Sapporo (Japan) |
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6 |
1,618 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Vienna (route nr. 1) Linz – Salzburg – Innsbruck (route nr. 2) Graz – Klagenfurt – Innsbruck (Austria) |
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15 |
12,824 |
52 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Shannon (Ireland) Langley Air Force Base, Hampton – Washington – Baltimore – Philadelphia – New York – Albany – Lake Placid (USA) |
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11 |
5,289 |
1,600 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Dubrovnik (route nr. 1) Split – Ljubljana – Zagreb - Sarajevo (route nr. 2) Skopje – Novi Sad – Belgrade – Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) |
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95 |
18,000 |
6,250 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) St. John’s, Newfoundland – Québec City – Montreal – Ottawa – Toronto – Winnipeg – Inuvik – Vancouver – Edmonton – Calgary (Canada) |
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58 |
5,500 |
5,500 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (on Concorde) Paris – Nantes – Le Havre – Lille – Strasbourg – Limoges – Bordeaux – Toulouse – Ajaccio – Nice – Marseille – Lyon – Grenoble – Albertville (France) |
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82[nb 1] |
12,000[nb 1] |
7,000[nb 1] |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (mainly by airplane: Frankfurt – Stuttgart – Karlsruhe – Düsseldorf – Cologne – Hamburg (Germany) – Copenhagen (Denmark) – Stockholm (Sweden) ) – Oslo – Lillehammer (Norway) (National torch relay: Morgedal – Kristiansand – Stavanger – Bergen – Gullfaks – Bergen – Trondheim – Tromsø – Svalbard – Tromsø – Bodø – Oslo – Lillehammer (Norway) )[nb 1][3][4][5] |
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51 |
3,486 |
6,901 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Tokyo (route nr. 1) Hokkaidō – Chiba – Tokyo – Nagano (route nr. 2) Okinawa – Hiroshima – Kyoto – Nagano (route nr. 3) Kagoshima – Osaka – Shizuoka – Nagano (Japan) |
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85 |
21,275 |
12,012 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Atlanta – Charleston, South Carolina - Jacksonville, Florida - St. Augustine, Florida – Orlando, Florida - Miami – Mobile, Alabama – Biloxi, Mississippi – New Orleans - Houston – San Antonio – Austin, Texas - Dallas – Little Rock, Arkansas - Memphis - Nashville, Tennessee – Louisville, Kentucky – Cincinnati– Pittsburgh – Cumberland, Maryland – Washington, D.C. – Baltimore – Philadelphia – New York - Hartford, Connecticut – Providence, Rhode Island - Boston – Burlington, Vermont - Lake Placid – Syracuse - Cleveland - Columbus, Ohio – Chicago – Milwaukee - Detroit – Fort Wayne, Indiana – Indianapolis – Lexington – St. Louis - Kansas City – Omaha – Wichita - Oklahoma City – Amarillo - Albuquerque - Phoenix – Los Angeles – San Francisco – Squaw Valley – Reno – Portland – Seattle – Juneau – Boise – Bozeman – Cheyenne – Denver – Salt Lake City (USA)[6] |
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75 |
11,300 |
10,000 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Rome – Florence – Genoa – Cagliari - Valletta (Malta) – Palermo – Naples – Bari – Ancona – San Marino (San Marino) – Bologna – Venice – Trieste - Koper (Slovenia) - Klagenfurt (Austria) - Trento – Cortina d'Ampezzo – Milan - Lugano (Switzerland) - Bardonecchia – Albertville (France) - Turin |
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106 |
45,000+ |
12,000+ |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Victoria, British Columbia – Yukon – Northwest Territories – Alberta – Saskatchewan – Manitoba – Nunavut – Quebec – Newfoundland and Labrador – Nova Scotia – Prince Edward Island – New Brunswick – Quebec – Ontario – Manitoba – Saskatchewan – Alberta (Canada) – Washington (USA) – Vancouver (Canada) [7] |
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123 |
65,000 |
14,000+ |
Olympia – Amaliada - Elis - Pyrgos - Zacharo - Kalo Nero - Tripoli - Levidi - Lefkasi - Kalavryta - Patras - Rio - Missolonghi - Agrinio - Karpenisi - Lamia - Volos - Larissa - Katerini - Thessaloniki - Giannitsa - Naousa - Edessa - Florina - Kastoria - Grevena - Ioannina - Kalabaka - Trikala - Karditsa - Lamia - Amfissa - Delphi - Arachova - Livadeia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) - Moscow - Kolomna - Odintsovo - Arkhangelskoye - Krasnogorsk - Dmitrov - Saint Petersburg – Kaliningrad – Murmansk – Arkhangelsk – Yakutsk – Vladivostok – Irkutsk – Novosibirsk – Kazan – Nizhny Novgorod – Volgograd – Rostov-on-Don – Astrakhan – Grozny – Sochi (Russia) |
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101 |
2,018 |
7,500 |
Olympia – Athens (Greece) (by airplane) - Incheon (by airplane) – Jeju (by airplane) – Busan – Ulsan – Geoje - Tongyeong (by ship) - Changwon - Changnyeong - Sacheon (South Gyeongsang) – Yeosu - Suncheon - Gangjin (by helicopter) - Mokpo - Damyang - Gokseong (South Jeolla) – Muju - Jeonju (North Jeolla) – Buyeo (South Chungcheong) – Daejeon – Sejong – Osong – Jincheon - Chungju - Danyang (North Chungcheong) – Bonghwa - Andong (North Gyeongsang) – Daegu – Pohang (North Gyeongsang) – Suwon (Gyeonggi) – Seoul – Paju - Yeoncheon (Gyeonggi) (by bike) – Hwacheon (by bike) - Goseong - Hwacheon - Hwacheon - Hoengseong - Samcheok - Jeongseon - Pyeongchang (Gangwon) (South Korea) |
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- |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) – Beijing (People's Republic of China) |
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- |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) – Milan (Italy) or Stockholm (Sweden) |
^ abcd For the 1994 Lillehammer Games, the flame for the national torch relay was lit at Sondre Norheim's birthplace in Morgedal, where the official 1952 & 1960 flames were lit in the same manner. The original plan to merge it with the official Olympia flame at Oslo was abandoned due to Greek opposition; only the official flame was used in the opening ceremony. All statistics are for the national torch relay only. The Morgedal flame was maintained and later used at the 1994 Winter Paralympics.
Youth Summer Olympic Games
Site of the Olympic Games |
Days |
Total length (in km) |
Total number of torchbearers |
Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
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22 |
26,700+ |
2,400+ |
Olympia (Greece) – Berlin (Germany) - Dakar (Senegal) - Mexico City (Mexico) - Auckland (New Zealand) - Seoul (South Korea) - Singapore |
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108 |
104 |
Athens (Greece) - 258 different online locations from the 204 participating NOCs - Nanjing (People's Republic of China) |
|
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63 |
14,000 |
- |
Athens (Greece) - La Plata (Buenos Aires) - Parana (Entre Rios) - Santa Fe (Santa Fe) - Iguazu (Misiones) - Corrientes (Corrientes) - Jujuy (Jujuy) - Salta (Salta) - Tucuman (Tucuman) - Catamarca (Catamarca) - La Rioja (La Rioja) - Mendoza (Mendoza) - San Juan (San Juan) - Cordoba (Cordoba) - Neuquen (Neuquen) - Bariloche (Rio Negro) - Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego) - Buenos Aires (Federal Capital) (Argentina) |
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- |
- |
- |
Athens (Greece) - Dakar (Senegal) |
Youth Winter Olympic Games
Site of the Olympic Games |
Days |
Total length (in km) |
Total number of torchbearers |
Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
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18 |
3,573 |
2,012 |
Athens (Greece) - Innsbruck - Bregenz - St. Anton am Arlberg - Lienz - Klagenfurt - Semmering - Wien - Graz - Eisenstadt - St. Pölten - Linz - Salzburg - Schladming - Seefeld in Tirol - Kühtai - Kufstein - Innsbruck (Austria) |
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74 |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) - Lillehammer - Alta - Oslo - Gjøvik - Otta - Elverum - Trysil - Lillehammer (Norway) |
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- |
- |
- |
Olympia (Greece) – Lausanne (Switzerland) |
See also
- List of people who have lit the Olympic Cauldron
References
^ Bowlby, Chris. "The Olympic torch's shadowy past", BBC News, 2008-03-05. Retrieved on 2009-10-21.
^ Zinser, Lynn (March 27, 2009). "I.O.C. Bars International Torch Relays". The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2011-07-19.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-07-19.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2010-12-10.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "2002 Olympic Torch Relay Route". PR Newswire. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
^ "Provincial and territorial routes", Vancouver 2010 official site, listing the exact stops on the tour.
External links
Factsheet - The Olympic Torch Relay, Olympic.org, International Olympic Committee
Golden glow for London 2012 torch, BBC News
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