Ibibio-Efik languages



























Efik-Ibibio
Central Lower Cross
Ethnicity
Annang, Efik, Ibibio
Geographic
distribution
Cross River State, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Linguistic classification
Niger–Congo

  • Atlantic–Congo

    • Benue–Congo

      • Cross River

        • Lower Cross
          • Efik-Ibibio
Subdivisions

  • Anaang

  • Efik

  • Ibibio

  • Ukwa

  • (see 'Varieties')
Glottolog
efik1244[1]

Efik-Ibibio is the major dialect cluster of the Cross River branch of Benue–Congo. Efik proper has national status in Nigeria and is the literary standard of the Efik languages, though Ibibio proper has more native speakers.




Contents






  • 1 Varieties


  • 2 See also


  • 3 Notes


  • 4 References





Varieties


Efik-Ibibio is a dialect cluster spoken by about 9.5 million people of Akwa Ibom State and Cross River States of Nigeria, making it the sixth largest language cluster in Nigeria after Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani and Kanuri.


The major Efik-Ibibio languages are:




  • Anaang (3 million speakers as of 1990)


  • Ibibio (possibly 4.5 to 5 million speakers as of 1998; claim since retracted by Ethnologue; also used as a trade language)


  • Efik (1 million speakers. Efik also has about 2 million second-language speakers.)


Minor varieties, according to Williamson and Blench,[note 1] are:




  • Ekit (200,000 speakers), with dialect Etebi


  • Efai (7,000 speakers)


  • Ibuoro (20,000 speakers), with dialects Ibuoro proper, Ito, Itu Mbon Uzo and Nkari


  • Eki (5,000 speakers)


  • Idere (5,000 speakers)


  • Ukwa (100 speakers)


These arguably constitute a single language, though Ethnologue considers them to be separate.



See also



  • Eket

  • Nsibidi

  • Ekpe

  • Calabar

  • Southeastern Nigeria



Notes





  1. ^ These are varieties of what Williamson and Blench (2000) calls "Central Lower Cross", which they list as "Efik, Ibibio, Anaang, Ibuoro, Ekit, Efai, etc."




References





  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ibibio-Efik". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}















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