Mixing
海帶目
| 海带目 化石时期：卢台特期 –現在[1] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
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科学分类  | |
| 门： | 淡色藻门 Ochrophyta |
| 纲： | 褐藻綱 Phaeophyceae |
| 目： | 海带目 Laminariales Migula, 1909[2] |
科 | |
見內文 | |
海帶目是褐藻綱之下一個目級的海藻分類單元，現時包括有約30個属[來源請求]。
這些海帶生長於淺海海洋底下的海藻林：一種類似於陸地上森林的海洋植物群落，估計從中新世（即500到2300萬年前）就已出現[3][與來源不符]。
目录
1 分類
2 生長和繁殖
3 海藻林
4 商業用途
4.1 商業生產
4.2 再生能源
5 歷史
6 保育
7 圖庫
8 知名物種
9 與其他物種的互動
10 參考文獻
11 參看
12 延伸閱讀
13 外部連結
分類
本目包括下列各科[4]：
厚岸藻科（Akkesiphycaceae）
翅藻科（Alariaceae）
繩藻科（Chordaceae）
多肋藻科（Costariaceae）
海帶科（Laminariaceae）
巨藻科（Lessoniaceae）
擬繩藻科（Pseudochordaceae）
生長和繁殖
生長在分生组织基部發生。
海藻林
海帶目聚集的地方會發展成被稱為「海藻林」的海底森林，為最富有豐富生產力與多樣性的地球生態系統[5][6]。較小片的海藻林又被稱為海藻床。在挪威海岸，有接近5800 km2的海岸就長滿了海藻林[7][6]，還為大量動物提及棲息地[8][9]。
全球海藻林分布
海藻林分布於溫帶到極地地區的沿岸海域。[5]在2007年，於厄瓜多附近的熱帶海域也發現有海藻林分佈。[10]
和熱帶的珊瑚礁一樣，海藻林為許多生物提供生活環境，包括軟體動物、甲殼動物、棘皮動物、魚類及海洋哺乳動物等；同時也為人類提供生產力豐富的漁場。
商業用途
阿拉斯加州海灘的海帶
Giant kelp can be harvested fairly easily because of its surface canopy and growth habit of staying in deeper water.
商業生產
再生能源
歷史
保育
圖庫
Macrocystis pyrifera in Monterey Bay Aquarium's 蒙特雷灣水族館
Scuba diver in kelp forest
Blue rockfish in kelp forest
Anemone and seastar in kelp forest
An underwater shot of a kelp forest
A kelp forest
A close up view of Ecklonia maxima, giant brown kelp
Kelp found along the coast of La Jolla Shores
Saccharina latissima in salad form, same also in canned form
知名物種
- Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, a northwestern American species. Used by coastal 美洲原住民 to create 渔网s.
- Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, the largest seaweed. Found in the 太平洋 coast of 北美洲 and 南美洲.
Kombu, Saccharina japonica (formerly Laminaria japonica) and others, several edible species of kelp found in 日本.
Species of Laminaria in the British Isles;
Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux (Oarweed; Tangle)
Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie (Curvie)
Laminaria ochroleuca Bachelot de la Pylaie
Laminaria saccharina (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux (sea belt; sugar kelp; sugarwack)
Species of 海帶屬 worldwide, listing of species at AlgaeBase:[11]
Laminaria agardhii (NE. 美洲)
日本)-->
Laminaria bongardina Postels et Ruprecht (Bering Sea to 加利福尼亚州)
Laminaria cuneifolia (NE. America)
Laminaria dentigera Klellm. (California - America)
Laminaria digitata (NE. America)
Laminaria ephemera Setchell (Sitka, Alaska, to Monterey County, California - America)
Laminaria farlowii Setchell (Santa Cruz, California, to Baja California - America)
Laminaria groenlandica (NE. America)
Laminaria longicruris (NE. America)
Laminaria nigripes (NE. America)
Laminaria ontermedia (NE. America)
Laminaria pallida Greville ex J. Agardh (南非)
Laminaria platymeris (NE. America)
Laminaria saccharina (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, synonym of Saccharina latissima (north east Atlantic Ocean, Barents Sea south to Galicia - Spain)
Laminaria setchellii Silva (Aleutian Islands, Alaska to Baja California America)
Laminaria sinclairii (Harvey ex Hooker f. ex Harvey) Farlow, Anderson et Eaton (Hope Island, British Columbia to Los Angeles, California - America)
Laminaria solidungula (NE. America)
Laminaria stenophylla (NE. America)
Costaria costata, five-ribbed kelp
Other species in the 海帶目 that may be considered as kelp:
Alaria marginata Post. & Rupr. (Alaska and California - 美洲)
Costaria costata (C.Ag.) Saunders (Japan; Alaska, California - America)
Ecklonia brevipes J. Agardh (Australia; New Zealand)
Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss (South Africa)
Ecklonia radiata (C.Agardh) J. Agardh (Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand; South Africa)
Eisenia arborea Aresch. (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Montrey, Santa Catalina Island, California - America)
Egregia menziesii (Turn.) Aresch.- Hedophyllum sessile (C.Ag.) Setch (Alaska, California - America)
Macrocystis angustifolia Bory (Australia; Tasmania and South Africa)
Pleurophycus gardneri Setch. & Saund. (Alaska, California - America)
Pterygophora californica Rupr. (Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Bahia del Ropsario, Baja California and California - America)
Non-Laminariales species that may be considered as kelp:
Durvillea antarctica, Fucales (新西兰, 南美洲, and 澳大利亚)
Durvillea willana, Fucales (New Zealand)
Durvillaea potatorum (雅克·拉比亚迪埃) Areschoug, Fucales (塔斯馬尼亞州; Australia)
與其他物種的互動
部分動物的名稱或其英文名稱以海帶（Kelp）來命名，因為牠們以海帶為棲息地或食物。這些物種包括有：
Northern kelp crab (Pugettia producta) and graceful kelp crab (Pugettia gracilis), Pacific coast of North America.
鳚亚目魚類的英文名Kelpfish：包括有北美洲太平洋海岸的Heterosticbus rostratus及Gibbonsia屬物種。
Kelp goose (Chloephaga hybrida)：棲息於南美洲及福克蘭群島
鞘嘴鸥科物種在英語的通稱叫作Kelp pigeon，棲息於南極洲，只有白鞘嘴鸥（Chionis alba）和黑脸鞘嘴鸥（Chionis minor）兩個物種。
參考文獻
^ Olivero, Davide. Chapter 13 "Zoophycos and the Role of Type Specimens in Ichnotaxonomy. (编) William Miller, III. Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects. Elsevier. 2011-10-13: 224–226 [2013-04-01]. ISBN 978-0-08-047535-6.
^ Migula, W. Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Deutsch-Österreich und der Schweiz. Band II. Algen. 2. Teil. Rhodophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Characeae. Gera: Verlag Friedriech von Zezschwitz. 1909: i–iv, 1–382, 122 (41 col.) pls.
^ Macrocystis Evolution
^ 陸保仁. 海帶目. 中國大百科全書 生物學Ⅰ （中文）.
^ 5.05.1 Mann, K.H. Seaweeds: their productivity and strategy for growth. Science. 1973, 182: 975–981 （英语）.
^ 6.06.1 Abdullah, M.I.; Fredriksen, S. Production, respiration and exudation of dissolved organic matter by the kelp Laminaria hyperborea along the west coast of Norway. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 2004, 84: 887 （英语）.
^ Rinde, E. Dokumentasjon av modellerte marine Naturtyper i DNs Naturbase. Førstegenerasjonsmodeller til kommunenes startpakker for kartlegging av marine naturtyper 2007. NIVA report. 2009: 32 pp. （挪威语）.
^ Christie, H., Jørgensen, N.M., Norderhaug, K.M., Waage-Nielsen, E., 2003. Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) along the Norwegian coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 83, 687-699.
^ Jørgensen, N.M., Christie, H., 2003. Follow me @radd.michyy and lowk3y.nadine l Diurnal, horizontal and vertical dispersal of kelp associated fauna. Hydrobiologia 50, 69-76.
^ Graham, M.H., B.P. Kinlan, L.D. Druehl, L.E. Garske, and S. Banks. 2007. Deep-water kelp refugia as potential hotspots of tropical marine diversity and productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 16576-16580.
^ AlgaeBase Laminariales
參看
- Bladder wrack
- Blue carbon
- Durvillea
- 海藻林
- Wrack zone
延伸閱讀
Druehl, L.D. Cultivated edible kelp. (编) Lembi, C.A. and Waaland, J.R. Algae and Human Affairs.. 1988. ISBN 0-521-32115-8 （英语）.
- Erlandson, J.M., M.H. Graham, B.J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J.A. Estes, & R.S. Steneck. 2007. The Kelp Highway hypothesis: marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161-174.
外部連結
 | 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：海帶目 |
維基物種中有關海帶目的數據
維基物種中有關海帶目的數據
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