In Commonwealth countries, Special Educational Needs (SEN or SEND) is school education focusing on students primarily with learning difficulties or disability. SEN covers specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia and ADHD, pervasive disorders such as autism and physical disability such as visual impairment and hearing impairment. It may also describe a need for gifted education.
SEN policy and provision is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments: the UK Government is responsible for education in England, the Scottish Government is responsible for education in Scotland,[1] the Welsh Government is responsible for education in Wales[2] and the Northern Ireland Executive is responsible for education in Northern Ireland.
Across the UK school education systems, provision for SEN is widely varied with a 'mixed economy' of 'learning support' teams based in mainstream schools, specialist schools offering permanent placements and pupil referral units offering temporary placements for students subject to formal exclusion and requiring further assessment.
However, there are common practices found across the country. All schools are legally obliged to maintain an SEN Coordinator post or equivalent position. It is the only mandatory position other than the headteacher / principal position. There is also an SEN Code of Practice, updated in 2014, which provides legally-binding guidance on how provision should be shaped and maintained.
See also
- ASDAN
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Auditory processing disorder
- Autistic spectrum
- Communication disorder
- Developmental coordination disorder
- Dyscalculia
- Dyslexia
- Home education in the United Kingdom
- Learning disability
- Learning theory (education)
- Orthographies and dyslexia
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- Reading for special needs
- Scotopic sensitivity syndrome
- Sensory processing disorder
- Special education
- Specific language impairment (SLI)
- Speech disorders
- Speech and language assessment
- Speech perception
- Visual perception
- Working memory
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References
^ The Scottish Government scotland.gov.uk, accessed 6 June 2009
^ About wales.gov.uk, accessed 6 June 2009
External links
- NASEN - Special Educational Needs charity
- PATOSS - association of SEN teachers
- TES Special Needs - non-profit SEN info & resources site
- Humans Not Robots - non-profit SEN info & resources site
What are special educational needs Article on Directgov website
- Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice: 0 - 25 years 2014
Education in England
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Key Stages |
Foundation Stage |
- Nursery
- Playgroup
- Reception
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Key Stage 1 |
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Key Stage 2 |
- Year Three
- Year Four
- Year Five
- Year Six
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Key Stage 3 |
- Year Seven
- Year Eight
- Year Nine
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Key Stage 4 |
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Key Stage 5 |
- Year Twelve
- Year Thirteen
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Schooling |
- State-funded schools
- Independent schools
- Primary school
- Infant school
- Junior school
- Preparatory school
- Middle school
- Secondary school
- Sixth form college
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Exams and qualifications |
- 11-plus
- GCSE
- A-Level
- English Baccalaureate
- BTEC
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Regulation |
- Department for Education
- Ofqual
- Ofsted
- Special measures
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Other |
- Common Entrance Examination
- Schools (category)
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Former |
- SATs
- O-Level
- CSE
- School Certificate
- Higher School Certificate
- GNVQ
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Education in Europe
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Sovereign states |
- Albania
- Andorra
- Armenia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Kazakhstan
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Macedonia
- Malta
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
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States with limited recognition |
- Abkhazia
- Artsakh
- Kosovo
- Northern Cyprus
- South Ossetia
- Transnistria
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Dependencies and other entities |
- Åland
- Faroe Islands
- Gibraltar
- Guernsey
- Isle of Man
- Jersey
- Svalbard
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Other entities |
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Literacy
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Teaching literacy |
- Reading education in the US
- Phonics
- Whole language
- Dick and Jane
- National Council of Teachers of English
- No Child Left Behind Act
- Family literacy
- Adolescent literacy
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Defining literacy |
- Functional illiteracy
- Critical literacy
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Literacy internationally |
- International Literacy Association
- List of countries by literacy rate
- Literacy in India
- International Literacy Day
- List of Chinese administrative divisions by illiteracy rate
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Major contributors to literacy |
- Frank Laubach
- Ruth Johnson Colvin
- Paulo Freire
- Griffith Jones
- Marie Clay
- James Paul Gee
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Related concepts |
- Agricultural literacy
- Aliteracy
- Asemic writing
- Computer literacy
- Cultural literacy
- Data literacy
- Dyslexia
- Diaspora literacy
- Early literacy
- Ecological literacy
- Electracy
- Emergent literacy
- Emotional literacy
- Financial literacy
- Graph literacy
- Health literacy
- Information literacy
- Information and media literacy
- Literacy test
- Media consumption
- Media literacy
- Mental health literacy
- New literacies
- Numeracy
- Oracy
- Orality
- Oral literature
- Postliterate society
- Racial literacy
- Scientific literacy
- Statistical literacy
- Technological literacy
- Transliteracy
- Visual literacy
- Writing system
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Dyslexia and related specific developmental disorders (F80–F83, 315)
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General conditions |
Speech and language impairment, communication disorder
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- Expressive language disorder
- Infantile speech
- Landau–Kleffner syndrome
- Language disorder
- Lisp
- Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
- Specific language impairment
- Speech and language impairment
- Speech disorder
- Speech error
- Speech sound disorder
- Stammering
- Tip of the tongue
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Scholastic skills, learning disorder
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- Developmental dyslexia
- Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia (Disorder of written expression)
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Motor function |
- Developmental coordination disorder
Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as Childhood apraxia of speech
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Other |
- Auditory processing disorder
- Sensory processing disorder
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Related topics |
- Dyslexia research
- Irlen filters
- Learning Ally
- Learning problems in childhood cancer
- Literacy
- Management of dyslexia
- Multisensory integration
- Neuropsychology
- Reading acquisition
- Spelling
- Writing system
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Lists |
- Dyslexia in fiction
- Languages by Writing System
- People with dyslexia
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Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice / Symptoms involving head and neck (R47–R49, 784)
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Aphasias |
- Acute aphasias
- Expressive aphasia
- Receptive aphasia
- Conduction aphasia
- Anomic aphasia
- Global aphasia
- Transcortical sensory aphasia
- Transcortical motor aphasia
- Mixed transcortical aphasia
Progressive Aphasias
- Progressive nonfluent aphasia
- Semantic dementia
- Logopenic progressive aphasia
Speech disturbances
- Speech disorder
Developmental verbal dyspraxia/Apraxia of speech
- Auditory verbal agnosia
- Dysarthria
- Schizophasia
Aprosodia/Dysprosody
- Specific language impairment
- Thought disorder
- Pressure of speech
- Derailment
- Clanging
- Circumstantiality
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Communication disorders |
Developmental dyslexia/Alexia
Agnosia
- Astereognosis
- Prosopagnosia
- Visual agnosia
- Gerstmann syndrome
Developmental coordination disorder/Apraxia
Dyscalculia/Acalculia
- Agraphia
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Voice disturbances |
Dysphonia/Aphonia
- Bogart–Bacall syndrome
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Nose |
- Post-nasal drip
- Epistaxis
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Mouth |
Orofacial pain
- Toothache
- Galvanic pain
- Barodontalgia
- Fremitus
- Tooth mobility
- Bruxism
- Trismus
- Ageusia
- Hypogeusia
- Dysgeusia
- Parageusia
- Hypergeusia
- Xerostomia
- Halitosis
- Drooling
- Hypersalivation
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Neck |
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Other |
- Headache
- Auditory processing disorder
- Otalgia
- Velopharyngeal inadequacy
- Velopharyngeal insufficiency
- Hypersensitive gag reflex
- Jaw claudication
- Hypomimia
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