Harry Clarke

For other people named Harry Clarke, see Harry Clarke (disambiguation).

Harry Clarke
Born	Henry Patrick Clarke 17 March 1889 Dublin, Ireland
Died	January 6, 1931(1931-01-06) (aged 41) Chur, Grisons, Switzerland
Resting place	Buried in Chur; disinterred in 1946 and reburied in an unknown communal grave
Nationality	Irish
Alma mater	Dublin Metropolitan School of Art
Known for	stained glass and book illustration
Movement	Arts and Crafts
Spouse(s)	Margaret Clarke

Harry Clarke (17 March 1889 – 6 January 1931) was an Irish stained-glass artist and book illustrator. Born in Dublin, he was a leading figure in the Irish Arts and Crafts Movement.

Contents

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  1 Early life
  


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  2 Career
  
  
  
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    2.1 Book illustration
    
  
  
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    2.2 Stained glass
    
  
  
  
  


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  3 Later years and death
  


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  4 Gallery
  


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  5 List of leaded glass windows (by Harry Clarke)
  


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  6 List of leaded glass windows (by The Harry Clarke Studio)
  


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  7 See also
  


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  8 References
  


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  9 Further reading
  


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  10 External links
  

Early life

Henry Patrick (Harry) Clarke was born 17 March 1889, younger son and third child of Joshua Clarke and Brigid Clarke (née MacGonigal).^[1] Church decorator Joshua Clarke moved to Dublin from Leeds in 1877 and started a decorating business Joshua Clarke & Sons, which later incorporated a stained glass division. Through his work with his father, Clarke was exposed to many schools of art but Art Nouveau in particular.

Clarke was educated at the Model School in Marlborough Street, Dublin and Belvedere College, which he left in 1905. He was devastated by the death of his mother in 1903, when he was only 14 years old.^[2][3] Clarke was then apprenticed into his father's studio, and attended evening classes in the Metropolitan College of Art and Design. His The Consecration of St Mel, Bishop of Longford, by St Patrick won the gold medal for stained glass work in the 1910 Board of Education National Competition.^[1]

At the art school in Dublin, Clarke met fellow artist and teacher Margaret Crilley.^[1] They married on 31 October 1914 and moved into a flat at 33 North Frederick Street. They had three children, Michael, David and Ann.^[1]

Career

Illustration for The year's at the spring; an anthology of recent poetry (1920)

Book illustration

Clarke moved to London to seek work as a book illustrator. Picked up by London publisher Harrap,^[3] he started with two commissions which were never completed: Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (much of his work on which was destroyed during the 1916 Easter Rising) and an illustrated edition of Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock.^[4]

Difficulties with these projects made Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen his first printed work, in 1916. It included 16 colour plates and more than 24 halftone illustrations. This was followed by an illustrations for an edition of Edgar Allan Poe's Tales of Mystery and Imagination: the first version of that title was restricted to halftone illustrations, while a second with eight colour plates and more than 24 halftone images was published in 1923.^[4] This 1923 edition made his reputation as a book illustrator, during the golden age of gift-book illustration in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Clarke's work can be compared to that of Aubrey Beardsley, Kay Nielsen, and Edmund Dulac.

It was followed by editions of The Years at the Spring, with 12 colour plates and more than 14 monotone images; (Lettice D'O. Walters, ed., 1920), Charles Perrault's Fairy Tales of Perrault, and Goethe's Faust, with eight colour plates and more than 70 halftone and duotone images (New York: Hartsdale House,1925). The last of these is his most famous work, prefiguring the disturbing imagery of 1960s psychedelia.^[4] Two of his most sought-after titles are promotional booklets for Jameson Irish Whiskey: A History of a Great House (1924, and subsequent reprints) and Elixir of Life (1925), which was written by Geofrey Warren. His final book, Selected Poems of Algernon Charles Swinburne, was published in 1928.^[1]

Stained glass

Clarke also continued to work in stained glass, producing more than 130 windows, he and his brother Walter having taken over his father's studio after his death in 1921.^[1] His glass is distinguished by the finesse of its drawing and his use of rich colours, and an innovative integration of the window leading as part of the overall design, originally inspired by an early visit to see the stained glass of the Cathedral of Chartres. He was especially fond of deep blues. Clarke's use of heavy lines in his black-and-white book illustrations echoes his glass techniques.^[4]

Clarke's stained glass work includes many religious windows, but also much secular stained glass. Highlights of the former include the windows of the Honan Chapel in University College Cork; of the latter, a window illustrating John Keats' The Eve of St. Agnes (now in the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery in Dublin) and the Geneva Window, (now in the Wolfsonian Museum, Miami, Florida, USA).^[4] Perhaps his most seen works were the windows he made for Bewley's Café on Dublin's Grafton Street.^[1]

Later years and death

Both Harry and his brother Walter were plagued with ill health, in particular problems with their lungs.^[4] Clarke was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1929, and went to a sanatorium in Davos, Switzerland.^[1] Fearing that he would die abroad, he began his journey back to Dublin in 1931, but died on this journey on 6 January 1931 in Chur where he was buried. A headstone was erected; but local law required that the family pledge to maintain the grave 15 years after the death. This was not explained to the Clarke family and Harry Clarke's remains were disinterred in 1946 and reburied in a communal grave.^[5][1][6]

Gallery

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  Clarke's illustration for Edgar Allan Poe's "The Pit and the Pendulum"
  

  
  

  
  


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  "They danced with shawls that were woven of mist and moonshine" - one of Clarke's illustrations for Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen (1916)
  

  
  

  
  


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  A Harry Clarke window depicting Saint Patrick preaching to his disciples, commissioned in 1925 for St. Michael's Church in Ballinasloe
  

  
  

  
  


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  Clarke's design drawing for the Saint Gobnait window in Honan Chapel, Cork, Ireland (1914).
  

  
  

  
  


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  Wolfsonian-FIU Museum - IMG 8218 Stained glass window by Harry Clarke (1889–1931), 1926, representing scenes from the works of 15 contemporary Irish writers.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Dingle Presentation Convent Chapel Harry Clarke Window The Baptism of Jesus
  

  
  

  
  

List of leaded glass windows (by Harry Clarke)

Building	Location	Year	Details	Notes
St. Patrick's Purgatory[7]	Lough Derg, County Donegal	1927–28	iicApostle Peter – Jesus is condemned to death
			St. Paul – Jesus takes up his cross
			Apostle Andrew – Jesus Falls the first time
			Apostle John The Evangelist – Simon helps Jesus to carry his cross
			Apostle Philip – Veronica wipes the face of Jesus
			Apostle Bartholomew – Jesus Falls the second time
			Apostle Thomas – The Women of Jerusalem weep for Jesus
			Apostle Matthew – Jesus falls the third time
			Apostle James the Less – Jesus is stripped of his clothes
			Apostle Thaddeus – Jesus is nailed to the cross
			Apostle Simon – Jesus dies on the cross
			St. Matthias – The body of Jesus is taken from the Cross
			Our Blessed Lady – The body of Jesus is laid in the tomb
Laurence Ambrose Waldron House[8]	Dublin	1917	Queens of Sheba, Meath and Connaught	9 Frieze Windows based on J.M. Synge poem 'Queens'
			Queens men drew like Monna Lisa
			Lucrenzia Crivelli
			Queens in Glenmacnass
			Etain, Helen Maeve and Fand
			Bert
			Queens who cut the bogs of Glanna
			Queens who wasted the East by proxy
			Queen of all are living or have been
Eneriley and Kilbride Church	Arklow, County Wicklow		Resurrection window
Castletownshend Church	County Cork	1918–20	The Nativity	1918
			St. Louis IX and St. Martin of Tours dividing his Cloak for a Beggar	1920
			St. Luke	1926
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Timoleague	County Cork	1929–30	Holy Family and Flight into Egypt	1912
			Coronation of the Virgin
			Assumption
			Christ meets his mother
			Miracle of Cana
			Death of St. Joseph
Carrickmacross Church[9]	County Monaghan	1925	St. Oliver Plunkett
			St. Rita
			St. Laurence O'Toole
			St. Dabhac
			Death of Our Lady
			Entombment of Christ
			St. Kieran
			Death of St. Joseph
			Death of St. Patrick
			St. Dympna
Chapel of the Noel Family	Exton Park, Rutland, England	1926	Blessed Oliver Plunkett and Blessed Thomas More
St. Mary's Church	Sturminster Newton, Dorset	1920–21	Our Lady and child, with St. Elizabeth and St. Barbara
Holy Trinity Church	Killiney, Dublin	1919	Angel of Hope and Peace
St. Michael and St. John	Cloughjordan, County Tipperary	1924	The ascension with 5 Irish saints and St. Michael and St. James
Ballinrobe Church	County Mayo	1926	St. Fursey and St. Fechin
			St. Colman and St. Brendan
			St. Gormgall and St. Kieran
			St. Enda and St. Jarleth
			Assumption and Coronation of Blessed Virgin Mary
			Presentation in the Temple and Immaculate Conception
			Ecce Homo and Magdalen in the Garden
			Baptism of Christ and Ascension
			St. Patrick, St. Brigid and St. Colmcille
St. Mary's Church	Nantwich, Cheshire, England	1920	Madonna and Child	Representing motherhood and sacrifice[6]
			St. Cecelia with birds and flowers	Representing music
			Richard Coeur de Lion
			St. Adrian
			St. Clare
			St. Francis of Assisi
			Mary Magdalen
			St. Brigid
			St. Nicholas
St. Peter's Church	Phibsborough, Dublin	1919	Apparition of the Sacred Heart	South Aisle
			Mary Magdalen	In the Mortuary Chapel
			St. John
Castleknock Church	Dublin	1928	St. Luke
			St. George
			St. Hubert
Church of the Assumption	Bride Street, Wexford	1919	Our Lady and Child
			Adored by Saints Adrian and Aiden	Also described as Breen[10]
Honan Chapel[11]	University College, Cork	1915–17	St. Brigid	Described by Brian Fallon as 'Awesome, hieratic, Neo-Byzantine quality."
			St. Patrick
			St. Colmcille
			St. Gobnait
			St. Ita
			St. Declan
			St. Finnbarr
			St. Albert
			Our Lady Queen of heaven
			St. Joseph
St. Mel's Cathedral	Longford		Consecration of St. Mel as Bishop of Longford
St. Joseph's Church	Terenure, Dublin	1922–23	The Annunciation	1922
			Our Lady Queen of Heaven	1923. Described as 'Adoration of the Cross'[12]
Tullamore Church	County Offaly	1927–28	St. Peter and St. Paul	Windows originally designed for Rathfarnham Castle[13]
			St. Brendan
			St. Patrick and St. Benignus
			St. Ignatius
			Sacred Heart
			St. Joseph and Our Lady
			Christ's Wounds
Balbriggan Church	County Dublin	1923	The Visitation
St. Macaulind's Church	Lusk, County Dublin	1924	St. Macaulind holding a replica of the new church.	The artists self-portrait among the afflicted
			Symbolic windows
Chapel of the Novitiate of the Oblate Fathers of St. Mary Immaculate[14]	Belcamp College, Balgriffin, County Dublin	1925	St. Brendan at the helm of his boat
			St. Malachy.	Also known as St. Maol M'Aodhog
			St. Kevin in his cave at Glendalough
			St. Laurence O'Toole in the ancient city of Dublin	Also known as Lorcon
			St. Colmcille
			St. Duileach
			St. Damhnait
			St. Brigid
			St. Eithne and St. Fedhlim
			St. Gobnait
			St. Patrick
			St. Oliver Plunkett
Newport Church	County Mayo	1927	Last Judgement
Tullycross Church	Renvyle, County Galway	1927	St. Barbara
			St. Bernard
			Apparition of the Sacred Heart
All Saints Church	Penarth, Cardiff, Wales		St. Michael	No longer in situ
			St. Gabriel
Laragh Church	County Wicklow	1928–29	10 clerestory windows
Killaloe Church	County Clare	1927	The Presentation of Our Lord.
			Annunciation and Flight into Egypt
Cathedral Church of St. Brigid	Kildare		St. Hubert
Carnalway Church	Kilcullen, County Kildare	1922	St. Hubert
Parish Church	Gorey, County Wexford	1922–23	St. Stephen
			St. Martin of Tours
Sandford Road Church	Ranelagh, Dublin		St. Peter and St. Paul
Bewleys Café	78 Grafton Street, Dublin	1928	Decorative windows
Donabate Church	County Dublin	1926	Suffer little Children to come unto me
Ballylooby Church	Cahir, County Tipperary	1925	Beheading of St. John the Baptist
			Vision of Bernadette of Lourdes
Church of Sacred Heart	Donnybrook, Dublin	1924	St. Rita and St. Bernard
Wolfsonian Museum	Miami, Florida, USA	1930	Geneva Window	Commissioned for the International Labour Building, League of Nations, Geneva
The Hugh Lane Gallery	Dublin	1923	Eve of St. Agnes	Illustration of John Keats' poem. a) Numb were the Beardsman's fingers. b) At length burst in....... c) Meantime, across the moors.... d) Behind a broad hall pillar..... e) Follow me child... f) Madelaine..... g) Full on this casement.... h) These delicates.... i) Still she beheld.... j) 'Tis dark.... k) Awake! Arise!.... l) The arras, rich with horsemen... m) The key turns..... n) ...ages long ago...

List of leaded glass windows (by The Harry Clarke Studio)

Building	Location	Year	Details	Notes
Catholic Church	Templemore
Clontarf Presbyterian Church	Dublin	1919	Pieta	Also described as Resurrection and Deposition. This is a war memorial.
			Ascension

See also

• 
  An Túr Gloine, stained glass firm with which Clarke was associated


• British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)


• Harry Clarke - Darkness In Light


• List of people on stamps of Ireland


• Aubrey Beardsley

References

1. 
   ^ ^abcdefghi Andrews, Helen; White, Lawrence William (2009). "Clarke, Harry (Henry Patrick)". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James. Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ The Irish genius behind the world's most iconic stained glass windows Irish Central, June 5, 2016
   


3. 
   ^ ^ab "About Harry Clarke (1889-1931)". The Hugh Lane Gallery. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
   


4. 
   ^ ^abcdef Costigan, Lucy; Cullen, Michael (2010). Strangest Genius: The Stained Glass of Harry Clarke. Dublin: The History Press Ireland. ISBN 9781845889715.
   


5. 
   ^ https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=110618670
   


6. 
   ^ ^ab
   Nicola Gordon Bowe. 1994. The Life and Work of Harry Clarke (Irish Academic Press)
   


7. 
   ^ Exhibition at Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, 1990.
   


8. 
   ^ Harry Clarke, Monograph and catalogue, 12 November to 8 December 1979, The Douglas Hyde Gallery.
   


9. 
   ^ Shell Guide To Ireland, p.94.
   


10. 
    ^ Shell Guide to Ireland, p.305.
    


11. 
    ^ Douglas Hyde Gallery Exhibition, 1979.
    


12. 
    ^ Shell Guide to Ireland, p.166
    


13. 
    ^ Shell Guide to Ireland, p.297
    


14. 
    ^ Shell Guide to Ireland.
    

Further reading

• Martin Moore Steenson. 2003. A Bibliographical Checklist of the Work of Harry Clarke (Books & Things)


• John J Doherty. 2003. Harry Clarke - Darkness In Light A film on the life and work of Harry Clarke (Camel Productions)


• Lucy Costigan and Michael Cullen. 2010. Strangest Genius: The Stained Glass of Harry Clarke (The History Press Ireland)

External links

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Harry Clarke

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harry Clarke.

• Harry Clarke Stained Glass Site


• Harry Clarke's family tree


• 
  Works by Harry Clarke at Project Gutenberg
  


• 
  Works by or about Harry Clarke at Internet Archive
  


• 
  Gallery of Clarke images at 50watts.com


• 
  Harry Clarke at Library of Congress Authorities, with 10 catalogue records


• 
  Harry Clarke's Looking Glass at The Public Domain Review

v t e British and Irish stained glass
British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)
History	Architecture of cathedrals and great churches History of stained glass Medieval stained glass Poor Man's Bible Regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture
Influences	Artistic movements Aesthetic Movement Arts and Crafts Movement Biblia pauperum Cambridge Camden Society Classicism Early Renaissance Exoticism Gothic Revival Oxford Movement Romanticism Organisations The Glass House Hogarth Club Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
People	Architectural John Loughborough Pearson Augustus Pugin George Gilbert Scott Alexander Thomson Artists Edward Liddall Armitage Hugh Arnold William Burges Alfred E. Child Margaret Chilton Harry Clarke Walter Francis Clokey Charles Edmund Clutterbuck Trena Cox Louis Davis works Rachel de Montmorency Alfred Drury Mabel Esplin Moira Forsyth Wilhelmina Geddes Jane Gray Reginald Hallward works Herbert Hendrie James Humphries Hogan Evie Hone Joan Howson works Marjorie Kemp Charles Eamer Kempe Mary Lowndes William Morris Catherine Amelia O’Brien Karl Parsons works Henry Payne works Lilian Josephine Pocock Patrick Pollen Sarah Purser Ethel Rhind Arnold Wathen Robinson works Arild Rosenkrantz Francis Skeat works Caroline Townshend works Christopher Webb Christopher Whall works Veronica Whall works Thomas Willement William Wilson Paul Woodroffe works Edward Woore works British stained-glass artists Irish stained-glass artists Critics John Ruskin Manufacturers An Túr Gloine Burlison and Grylls Harry Clarke Clayton and Bell Walter Francis Clokey Daniel Cottier John Hardman & Co. Heaton, Butler and Bayne Hincks and Burnell Lavers, Barraud and Westlake Morris & Co. James Powell and Sons Shrigley and Hunt William Wailes William Warrington
Examples	Canterbury Cathedral Coventry Cathedral York Minster
Images	Admiral Apostles Biblical Bishop Fleur-de-lis Heraldry Prophet Saint Virtues
Terminology	Architectural glass Art glass Beveled glass Came glasswork Cathedral glass Curvilinear coordinates Float glass Glass art Glass beadmaking Glassblowing Grisaille Lancet window Leadlight Mandorla Mullion Pontil Quatrefoil Rose window Roundel Stained glass conservation Studio glass Tracery

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