乍得湖
















































乍得湖

Zhadehu.png
乍得湖地图

湖泊类型
淡水湖、内流湖
主要流入
沙里河、科马杜古约贝河

流经国家
 乍得
 中非
 喀麦隆
 奈及利亞
 尼日尔
表面积
1350km（2006年）
平均深度
1.5m
最大深度
11m
水体体积
10.8 km3
岸长1
650km
表面海拔
280m
定居点
恩贾梅纳

1岸长衡量标准不定。

乍得湖（法语：Lac Tchad，英语：Lake Chad）是位于非洲中部尼日利亚、尼日尔、乍得和喀麦隆共同边境的一个湖。乍得湖海拔280公尺，水域面积1,540平方公里，容量72立方公里。虽然地处沙漠中，湖水的含盐度只有千分之零点几，比东非各大湖泊的含盐度都低，湖区的西部和南部全是淡水，东部和北部也只是略带一点咸味。原来，在乍得湖的东北部，有一个比它低得多的地面，这就是非洲大地上著名的博得累盆地。盆地最低处海拔是155米，大量湖水通过地下路径源源不绝地往盆地渗流过去，水中的大量矿物质，包括各种盐类，在流动过程中，经过沙层的过滤，到达博得累盆地时已所剩无几了。



此湖是内陆海的残余，7000年前最大时占地400000平方公里，并可能延伸至乍得北部的库西山。欧洲第一次调查是在1823年，当时是世界最大湖之一，1960年代也是一個超過26,000平方公里的大湖，但自此以後大幅缩水，到2001年底湖面已不足1500平方公里。預計此湖在不久之後將會完全消失。2001年发表在地球物理杂志报告中指出湖面萎缩原因主要是乍得湖周围地区过度放牧、农业不合理开发、上游大修水库以及灌溉用水效率低下。湖面萎缩导致一系列严重的环境灾难，首先是当地鱼类灭绝，干旱程度愈演愈烈，农业收成和渔业产出持续减少，湖区2000万人面临饥荒威胁。




卫星图片



外部链接


乍得湖流域委员会商讨乍得湖沙漠化拯救方案





规范控制


  • WorldCat Identities

  • FAST: 1244639

  • GND: 4106988-2

  • LCCN: sh85022287

  • NKC: ge339962

  • NNL: 000658797

  • VIAF: 96145857812123020377



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