二氯甲烷






































































































二氯甲烷





IUPAC名
Dichloromethane
识别

CAS号
75-09-2  ✓

PubChem
6344

ChemSpider
6104

SMILES


InChI


InChIKey
YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYAG

EINECS
200-838-9

ChEBI
15767

RTECS
 PA8050000

KEGG
D02330
性质

化学式
CH2Cl2

摩尔质量
 84.93 g·mol⁻¹
外观
 无色液体

密度
 1.3255 g/cm³ (液)

熔点
 -96.7 °C (175.7 K)

沸点
 39 °C (312.8 K)

溶解性（水）
 13 g/L, 20 °C

蒸氣壓
 47 kPa, 20 ºC
危险性

欧盟危险性符号

有害有害 Xn


警示术语
 R：R40

安全术语
 S：S23-S24/25-S36/37

NFPA 704

NFPA 704.svg

1

2

0

 

闪点
 无
若非注明，所有数据均出自一般条件（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

二氯甲烷是不可燃低沸点溶剂，广泛用于医药、塑料及胶片等工业。[1]分子式：CH2Cl2。




目录






  • 1 毒性防护


  • 2 物化性質


  • 3 工业制备


  • 4 用途


  • 5 参考资料





毒性防护


二氯甲烷毒性较大，但中毒後甦醒较快，故也有用作麻醉劑。對皮膚及黏膜有刺激性。年輕成年大鼠经口LD50为1.6ml/kg。空气中最高容许浓度0.0005。操作时应戴防毒面具，发现中毒后立即脱离现场，对症治疗。



物化性質


無色透明易揮發液體。具有类似醚的刺激性气味。溶于约50倍的水，溶于酚、醛、酮、冰醋酸、磷酸三乙酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、環己胺。与其他氯代烃溶剂、乙醇、乙醚和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺可以任何比例互溶。相對密度1.3266(20/4°C)。熔點-95.1°C。沸點40°C。自燃點640°C。黏度（20°C）0.43mPa·s。折射率nD(20°C)1.4244。臨界溫度237°C，臨界壓力6.0795MPa。熱解後產生HCl和痕量的光氣。與水長期加热，生成甲醛和HCl。进一步氯化，可得CHCl3和CCl4。





工业制备


一般通过甲烷的氯化来合成。甲烷氯化得到包括四种氯甲烷在内的混合物，不过由于各自沸点相差较大，可以通过普通的分馏技术来分离提纯。



用途


  • 溶剂[2]

溶剂是二氯甲烷的最主要用途。二氯甲烷具有广谱的溶解力、低沸点以及相对而言最低的毒性和相对而言最好的反应惰性，使其成为有机合成中使用频率位居第一的有机溶剂。作为溶剂其地位几乎跟无机盐化学中水相当。


  • 有机合成原料

二氯甲烷因为立体电子效应而显惰性，通常不参与化学反应。但在一定条件下也可以参与反应。工业上曾经发生过残留二氯甲烷与叠氮化钠在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺里反应生成二叠氮甲烷而把工厂炸飞的事故。



参考资料





  1. ^ NHRI NEHRC-Methylene chloride. nehrc.nhri.org.tw. [2018-10-18]. 


  2. ^ 二氯甲烷 | 75-09-2. www.chemicalbook.com. [2018-10-18] （中文）. 





























  • 查

  • 论

  • 编


卤代甲烷

單鹵代

CH3F · CH3Cl · CH3Br · CH3I
雙鹵代

CH2F2 · CH2ClF · CH2BrF · CH2FI · CH2Cl2 · CH2BrCl · CH2ClI · CH2Br2 · CH2BrI · CH2I2
三卤代

CHF3 · CHClF2 · CHBrF2 · CHF2I · CHCl2F · CHBrClF* · CHClFI* · CHBr2F · CHBrFI* · CHFI2 · CHCl3 · CHBrCl2 · CHCl2I · CHBr2Cl · CHBrClI* · CHClI2 · CHBr3 · CHBr2I · CHBrI2 · CHI3
四卤代

CF4 · CClF3 · CBrF3 · CF3I · CCl2F2 · CF2BrCl · CClF2I · CBr2F2 · CBrF2I · CF2I2 · CCl3F · CBrCl2F · CCl2FI · CBr2ClF · CBrClFI* · CClFI2 · CBr3F · CBr2FI · CBrFI2 · CFI3 · CCl4 · CBrCl3 · CCl3I · CBr2Cl2 · CBrCl2I · CCl2I2 · CBr3Cl · CBr2ClI · CBrClI2 · CClI3 · CBr4 · CBr3I · CBr2I2 · CBrI3 · CI4
*：有手性的化合物




规范控制


  • AAT: 300015274

  • GND: 4133967-8

  • LCCN: sh86002590

  • NDL: 00575956



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