創業









创业英语:entrepreneurship)指开创新事业。近几年最常见形式是开创新商业(俗称创业公司)。尽管如此,这术语已被扩展到在社会和政治上的企业家活动。当企业家精神用来描述在公司或大型公司组织内部的活动[註 1],就称“新創事業”(intrapreneurship)[1]


根据全球企业家监测的企业家学者和创建者Paul Reynolds所述:“到目前,在美国所有工作的人在他们退休时,其中半数人可能有过一到多年自我雇佣的时段;四分之一人很可能从事于自我雇佣超过六年之久。在美国工人的职业规划中,开创一份新事业是很司空见惯的。”[2]




目录






  • 1 國家


    • 1.1 中國




  • 2 注释


  • 3 参考文献


  • 4 参见


  • 5 延伸读物


  • 6 外部链接





國家



中國


  • 中國的新創企業統計中,大部分的新創事業度不過四年的風險期,據數據統計2017年度有150家新創企業倒閉。[3]


注释




  1. ^ 英文 enterprise 除可解作企業、公司,也有進取、冒險之意。



参考文献





  1. ^ Scott Andrew Shane. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: the Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Edward Elgar Publishing. 2003. ISBN 1843769964. 


  2. ^ Paul D. Reynolds. Entrepreneurship in the United States: The Future Is Now. Springer. 2010. ISBN 1441942750. 


  3. ^ [1]新創企業難捱過4年圖╱本報資料照片 2017年10月15日 04:10 工商時報 賴瑩綺




参见



  • 商业机遇英语Business opportunity

  • 商业计划

  • 创业生态体系英语Entrepreneurship Ecosystem

  • 创业教育英语Entrepreneurship education

  • 動物本能

  • 初創紅白藍



延伸读物








  • Blackburn, Robert. Small Business and Entrepreneurship. 2008. ISBN 9781412934374. doi:10.4135/9781446263433. 


  • Bowman, Erik. Entrepreneur Training Manual, Third Edition: Certified Entrepreneur Workbook. Guanzi Institute Press. July 2011. ISBN 978-0-9837862-9-0. 


  • Deakins, D.; Freel, M. S. Entrepreneurial activity, the economy and the importance of small firms. Entrepreneurship and small firms. McGraw-Hill Education. 2009. ISBN 978-0-07-712162-4. 

  • Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship," Global Business and Economics Review 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.


  • Duening, Thomas N.; Hisrich, Robert A.; Lechter, Michael A. Technology Entrepreneurship: Creating, Capturing, and Protecting Value. Academic Press. 21 October 2009. ISBN 978-0-08-092288-1. 

  • Entrepreneurship Resources: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/

  • Entrepreneurship Lesson Plan http://www.econedlink.org/teacher-lesson/228s


  • Foo, M.D. Emotions and entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2011, 35 (2): 375–393. 


  • James W. Halloran. Your Small Business Adventure: Finding Your Niche and Growing a Successful Business. ALA/Huron Street Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1-937589-44-8. 


  • Leitão, João; Baptista, Rui. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship: A European Perspective. Springer Science Business Media. 10 June 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0249-8. 


  • Lundstrom, Anders; Stevenson, Lois A. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer. 30 March 2005. ISBN 978-0-387-24140-1. 


  • Minniti, M.; Moren, L. Entrepreneurial types and economic growth. Journal of Business Venturing. 2010, 25 (3): 305–314. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.002. 


  • Shane, S.; Venkataraman, S. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as A Field of Research. Academy of Management Review. 2000, 25 (1): 217–226. JSTOR 259271. doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791611. 


  • Shane, S. The genetics of entrepreneurial performance. International Small Business Journal. 2013, 31 (5): 473–495. doi:10.1177/0266242613485767. 


  • Sobel, Russell S. Entrepreneurship. (编) David R. Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 2nd. Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. 2008. ISBN 978-0-86597-665-8. OCLC 237794267. 


  • Swedberg, Richard. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Stockholm University. 1998. 


  • Zahra, Shaker A. A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing. 2009, 24 (5): 519–532. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007. 


  • Zhang, S.X.; Cueto, J. The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2015: n/a. doi:10.1111/etap.12212. 


  • Tony Bailetti. Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects. Technology Innovation Management Review. February 2012 [23 December 2012] (英语). 


  • Dr Thomas N. Duening, Robert D. Hisrich, Michael A Lechter, Esq. Technology Entrepreneurship: Value Creation, Protection, and Capture. Academic Press. 2009. ISBN 0123745020 (英语). 


  • Jessica Livingston. Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days. Apress. 2007. ISBN 1590597141 (英语). 


  • Anders Lundstrom, Lois A. Stevenson. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer. 2005. ISBN 038724140X (英语). 


  • Richard Swedberg. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 019829462X (英语). 


  • João Leitão, Rui Baptista. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship. Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0248-1 (英语). 



外部链接




  • 开创新事业 - 美国国家税务局 (英文)


  • The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation 创业基金(英文)


  • Entrepreneurship.gov(英文)


  • 杜克大学创业101视频系列(英文)


  • 斯坦福大学的哦创业角2000个视频和视听资料(英文)




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