Monolithic church

Geghard Monastery in Armenia, founded in 4th century

A monolithic church or rock-hewn church is a church made from a single block of stone. Because freestanding rocks of sufficient size are rare, such edifices are usually hewn into the ground or into the side of a hill or mountain. They can be of comparable architectural complexity to constructed buildings.

The term monolithic church is most often used to refer to the complex of eleven churches in Lalibela, Ethiopia, believed to have been created in the 12th century.

Contents

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  1 Ethiopia
  


• 
  2 Other churches
  


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  3 See also
  


• 
  4 References
  


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  5 External links
  

Ethiopia

Bete Giyorgis (Church of St. George), Lalibela, Ethiopia

A series of eleven monolithic churches in Lalibela are the Church of the Redeemer, of Saint Mary, of Mount Sinai, of Golgotha, of the House of the Cross, of the House of the Virgins, of Saint Gabriel, of Abba Matta, of Saint Mercurius, and of Immanuel. The most famous of the edifices is the cross-shaped Church of St. George (Bete Giyorgis). Tradition credits its construction to the Zagwe dynasty King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, who was a devout Orthodox Tewahedo Christian. The medieval monolithic churches of this 12th-century 'New Jerusalem' are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia near a traditional village. Lalibela is an important center of Ethiopian Christianity, and even today is a place of pilgrimage and devotion. Lalibela is one of the world's heritage sites registered by UNESCO.

Many other churches were hewn from rock in Ethiopia, outside of Lalibela. This practice was very common in Tigray, where the outside world knew of only a few such churches until the Catholic priest Abba Tewelde Medhin Josief presented a paper to the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies in which he announced the existence of over 120 churches, 90 of which were still in use.^[1] Despite Dr. Josief's death soon after his presentation, research over the next few years raised the total number of these rock-hewn churches to 153.^[2]

Other churches

Temppeliaukio Church in Helsinki

There are a number of monolithic churches elsewhere in the world. However, none have the free-standing external walls of the Lalibela churches. They instead more closely resemble cave monasteries in that they consist of tunnels converging into a single rock. Examples include:

• The Geghard monastery, Kotayk Province, Armenia


• The Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo, Bulgaria near Ruse
  


• The subterranean St. Jean Church in Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, France


• Church in Saint-Émilion, France


• 
  Temppeliaukio Church in Helsinki, Finland


• The subterranean rock churches in Cappadocia, Turkey which number beyond one thousand and contain some superb examples of Byzantine wall-paintings, representing both the academic classicizing trend in Byzantine art, and some archaic popular styles

See also

• Rock-cut architecture


• Monolithic architecture


• Bochnia Salt Mine


• List of cave monasteries


• Petra


• Ellora Caves

References

1. 
   ^ Ghelawdewos Araia, The Magnificence of Aksum: Revisiting Ethiopian Civilization
   


2. 
   ^ Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide, 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2002), p. 278
   

External links

• 
  Saint-Roman abbey website (in French and a part in English)


• 
  Website about monolithic monuments (in French)

Coordinates: 12°01′54″N 39°02′28″E / 12.03167°N 39.04111°E / 12.03167; 39.04111

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