Mixing
Connacht
Connacht Connachta | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates: 53°47′N 9°03′W / 53.78°N 9.05°W / 53.78; -9.05Coordinates: 53°47′N 9°03′W / 53.78°N 9.05°W / 53.78; -9.05 | |||
| State |  Ireland | ||
| Counties | Galway Leitrim Mayo Roscommon Sligo | ||
| Government | |||
| • Teachtaí Dála | 5 Fine Gael TDs 7 Fianna Fáil TDs 4 Independent TDs 1 Sinn Féin TD | ||
| • MEPs[a] | 1 Sinn Féin MEP 1 Fine Gael MEP 2 Independent MEPs | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 17,788 km2 (6,867 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2016)[1] | |||
| • Total | 550,742 | ||
| Time zone | UTC±0 (WET) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (IST) | ||
| ISO 3166 code | IE-C | ||
| Patron Saint: Ciarán of Clonmacnoise[2] a. ^ Connacht is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency; the five Connacht counties contain 32.7% of the population of this constituency.[3] | |||
Connacht or Connaught (/ˈkɒnɔːxt/; Irish: Connachta or Cúige Chonnacht) is one of the provinces of Ireland, in the west of the country. Up to the 9th century it consisted of several independent major kingdoms (Lúighne, Uí Maine, and Iarthar Connacht).
Between the reigns of Conchobar mac Taidg Mór (died 882) and his descendant, Aedh mac Ruaidri Ó Conchobair (reigned 1228–33), it became a kingdom under the rule of the Uí Briúin Aí dynasty, whose ruling sept adopted the surname Ua Conchobair. At its greatest extent, it incorporated the often independent Kingdom of Breifne, as well as vassalage from the lordships of western Mide and west Leinster. Two of its greatest kings, Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1088-1156) and his son Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (c.1115-1198) greatly expanded the kingdom's dominance, so much so that both became Kings of Ireland.
The Kingdom of Connacht collapsed in the 1230s because of civil war within the royal dynasty, which enabled widespread Anglo-Irish settlement under Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught, and his successors. The English colony in Connacht shrank from c. 1300-c. 1360, with events such as the 1307 battle of Ahascragh (see Donnchad Muimnech Ó Cellaigh), the 1316 Second Battle of Athenry and the murder in June 1333 of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, all leading to Gaelic resurgence and colonial withdrawal to towns such as Ballinrobe, Loughrea, Athenry, and Galway. Well into the 16th-century kingdoms such as Uí Maine and Tír Fhíacrach Múaidhe remained beyond English rule, while many Anglo-Irish families such as de Burgh, de Bermingham, de Exeter, de Staunton, became entirely Gaelicised. Only in the late 1500s, during the Tudor conquest of Ireland, was Connacht shired into its present counties.
The province of Connacht has the highest number of Irish language speakers among the four Irish provinces. Currently, the total percentage of people who consider themselves as Irish speakers in Connacht is 39.8% (more than 202,000 persons).[4] There are Gaeltacht areas in Counties Galway and Mayo.
The province of Connacht has no official function for local government purposes, but it is an officially recognised subdivision of the Irish state. It is listed on ISO-3166-2 as one of the four provinces of Ireland and "IE-C" is attributed to Connacht as its country sub-division code. Along with counties from other provinces, Connacht lies in the Midlands–North-West constituency for elections to the European Parliament.
Contents
1 Name
2 Irish language
3 Geography and political divisions
3.1 Physical geography
3.2 Largest settlements (2016)[18]
4 History
4.1 Early history
4.2 Kingdom of Connacht
4.3 Kings and High Kings
4.4 High medieval era
4.5 Confederate and Williamite Wars
4.6 Early modern era
4.7 The Famine to World War One
4.8 In the Annals of Ulster
4.9 References to the Arts c.1100 to 1700
5 Politics
6 Sport
6.1 Gaelic games
6.2 Rugby union
6.3 Other sports
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Name
The name comes from the medieval ruling dynasty, the Connacht, later Connachta, whose name means "descendants of Conn", from the mythical king Conn of the Hundred Battles. Originally Connacht was a singular collective noun, but it came to be used only in the plural Connachta, partly by analogy with plural names of other dynastic territories like Ulaid and Laigin, and partly because the Connachta split into different branches.[5] Before the Connachta dynasty, the province (cúige, "fifth") was known as Cóiced Ol nEchmacht. In Modern Irish, the province is usually called Cúige Chonnacht, "the Province of Connacht", where Chonnacht is plural genitive case with lenition of the C to Ch.
The usual English spelling in Ireland since the Gaelic revival is Connacht, the spelling of the disused Irish singular. The official English spelling during English and British rule was the anglicisation Connaught, pronounced /kɒnɔːt/ or /kɒnət/.[6] This was used for the Connaught Rangers in the British Army; in the title of Queen Victoria's son Arthur, Duke of Connaught; and the Connaught Hotel, London, named after the Duke in 1917. Usage of the Connaught spelling is now in decline. State bodies use Connacht, for example in Central Statistics Office census reports since 1926,[7] and the name of the Connacht–Ulster European Parliament constituency of 1979–2004,[8][9][10] although Connaught occurs in some statutes.[11][12] Among newspapers, the Connaught Telegraph (founded 1830) retains the anglicised spelling in its name, whereas the Connacht Tribune (founded 1909) uses the Gaelic. Connacht Rugby who represent the region and are based in Galway, use the Gaelic spelling also.[13]
Irish language
The Irish language is spoken in the Gaeltacht areas of Counties Mayo and Galway, the largest being in the west of County Galway. The Galway Gaeltacht is the largest Irish-speaking region in Ireland covering Cois Fharraige, parts of Connemara, Conamara Theas, Aran Islands, Dúithche Sheoigeach and Galway City Gaeltacht. Irish-speaking areas in County Mayo can be found in Iorras, Acaill and Tourmakeady.
According to the 2016 census Irish is spoken outside of the education system on a daily basis by 9,455 people in the Galway County Gaeltacht areas.[14]
There are 202,667 Irish speakers in the province, over 84,000 in Galway and more than 55,000 in Mayo.[15] There is also the 4,265 attending the 18 Gaelscoileanna (Irish language primary schools) and three Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary schools) outside the Gaeltacht across the province.[citation needed] Between 7% and 10% of the province are either native Irish speakers from the Gaeltacht, in Irish medium education or native Irish speakers who no longer live in Gaeltacht areas but still live in the province.
Geography and political divisions
The province is divided into five counties: Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo. Connacht is the smallest of the four Irish provinces, with a population of 550,742. Galway is the only official city in the province.[16]
| County | Population | Area |
|---|---|---|
County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe) | 258,552 | 6,149 square kilometres (2,374 sq mi) |
County Leitrim (Contae Liatroma) | 31,972 | 1,590 square kilometres (610 sq mi) |
County Mayo* (Contae Mhaigh Eo) | 130,425 | 5,586 square kilometres (2,157 sq mi) |
County Roscommon* (Contae Ros Comáin) | 64,436 | 2,548 square kilometres (984 sq mi) |
County Sligo (Contae Shligigh) | 65,357 | 1,838 square kilometres (710 sq mi) |
| Grand Total | 550,742 | 17,788 square kilometres (6,868 sq mi) |
Physical geography
Glencar Waterfall at Glencar Lough, County Leitrim
The highest point of Connacht is Mweelrea (814 m), in County Mayo. The largest island in Connacht (and Ireland) is Achill. The biggest lake is Lough Corrib.
Much of the west coast (e.g. Connemara and Erris) is ruggedly inhospitable and not conducive for agriculture. It contains the main mountainous areas in Connacht, including the Twelve Bens, Maumturks, Mweelrea, Croagh Patrick, Nephin Beg, Ox Mountains, and Dartry Mountains.
Killary Harbour, Ireland's only true fjord,[17] is located at the foot of Mweelrea. Connemara National Park is in County Galway. The Aran Islands, featuring prehistoric forts such as Dún Aonghasa, have been a regular tourist destination since the 19th century.
Inland areas such as east Galway, Roscommon and Sligo have enjoyed greater historical population density due to better agricultural land and infrastructure.
Rivers and lakes include the River Moy, River Corrib, the Shannon, Lough Mask, Lough Melvin, Lough Allen and Lough Gill.
The largest urban area in Connacht is Galway, with a population of 79,934. Other large towns in Connacht are Sligo (19,199), Castlebar (12,068) and Ballina (10,171).[18]
Largest settlements (2016)[18]
| # | Settlement | County | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galway | County Galway | 79,934 |
| 2 | Sligo | County Sligo | 19,199 |
| 3 | Castlebar | County Mayo | 12,068 |
| 4 | Ballina | County Mayo | 10,171 |
| 5 | Tuam | County Galway | 8,767 |
| 6 | Ballinasloe | County Galway | 6,662 |
| 7 | Roscommon | County Roscommon | 5,876 |
| 8 | Westport | County Mayo | 6,198 |
| 9 | Loughrea | County Galway | 5,556 |
| 10 | Oranmore | County Galway | 4,990 |
| 11 | Monksland | County Roscommon | 4,500 |
| 12 | Carrick-on-Shannon | County Leitrim | 4,062 |
| 13 | Claremorris | County Mayo | 3,687 |
| 14 | Athenry | County Galway | 4,445 |
History
Early history
Listoghil Complex, Carrowmore, County Sligo, with a small satellite tomb, tomb 52, in the foreground
Up to the early historic era, Connacht then included County Clare, and was known as Cóiced Ol nEchmacht. Later myths state the Fir Bolg ruled all Ireland before the Tuatha Dé Danann arrived. When the Fir Bolg were defeated, the Tuatha Dé Danann drove them to Connacht.
Sites such as the Céide Fields, Knocknarea, Listoghil, Carrowkeel Megalithic Cemetery and Rathcroghan, all demonstrate intensive occupation of Connacht far back into prehistory.
Enigmatic artefacts such as the Turoe stone and the Castlestrange stone, whatever their purpose, denote the ambition and achievement of those societies, and their contact with the La Tène culture of mainland Europe.
In the early historic era (c. A.D. 300-c. A.D. 600), Ol nEchmacht was not a united kingdom but a region. It comprised dozens of major and minor túath; rulers of larger túatha (Maigh Seóla, Uí Maine, Aidhne and Máenmaige) were accorded high-king status, while peoples such as the Gailenga, Corco Moga and Senchineoil were lesser peoples given the status of Déisi. All were termed kingdoms, but according to a graded status, denoting each according the likes of lord, count, earl, king.
Early peoples and kingdoms of Ireland, c.800.
Some of the more notable peoples or ethnic groups included the following:
Conmaicne – west coast, and northern areas of, County Galway
Dartraige – north-west County Leitrim
Delbhna – south County Roscommon, and both sides of the Lough Corrib
Fir Craibe – County Clare (then part of Connacht) and south-west Galway
Fir Domnann – west coast of Mayo
Soghain – most of east-central County Galway
By the 5th century, the pre-historic nations such as the Auteini and Nagnatae – recorded by Ptolemy (c. AD 90–c. 168) in Geography – gave way to dynasties. This is demonstrated in the noun moccu in names such as Muirchu moccu Machtheni, which indicated a person was of the Machtheni people. As evidenced by kings such as Mac Cairthinn mac Coelboth (died 446) and Ailill Molt (died c. 482), even by the 5th century the gens was giving way to kinship all over Ireland, as both men were identified as of the Uí Enechglaiss and Uí Fiachrach dynasties, not of tribes. By 700, moccu had been entirely replaced by mac and hua (later Mac and Ó).
During the mid-8th century, what is now County Clare was absorbed into Thomond by the Déisi Tuisceart. It has remained a part of the province of Munster ever since.
The name Connacht arose from the most successful of these early dynasties, The Connachta. By 1050, they had extended their rule from Rathcroghan in north County Roscommon to large areas of what are now County Galway, County Mayo, County Sligo, County Leitrim. The dynastic term was from then on applied to the overall geographic area containing those counties, and has remained so ever since.
One of hundreds of small initials from the Book of Kells, in a script known as "insular majuscule," a variety of uncial script that originated in early medieval Ireland.
See also:
Cath Maige Mucrama – epic concerning a battle that took place between Athenry and Clarenbridge
Goidelic substrate hypothesis – concerning pre-Gaelic languages of Ireland
Esker Riada – used as one of the principal prehistoric Irish roadways, the Sli Mor,
Hibernia – Ireland in Greek and Roman accounts
Insular art – post-Roman native art of Ireland and Great Britain
Medb – legendary Queen of Connacht
Táin Bó Cúailnge – Irish epic, partly set in Connacht
Táin Bó Flidhais – Irish epic, set in Erris
Trícha cét – Gaelic territorial unit
Túath – Gaelic social/political division
Kingdom of Connacht
Ireland's main kingdoms as of 1014. Clockwise from the north-east they are Ulaid, Airgíalla, Mide, Laigin, Munster, Connaught, Breifne and Aileach. The city-states of Dyflin, Weisforthe, Vedrafjord, Corcach and Luimneach are shown. Missing are kingdoms of Osraighe and Uí Maine.
The most successful sept of the Connachta were the Ó Conchobair of Síol Muireadaigh. They derived their surname from Conchobar mac Taidg Mór (c.800–882), from whom all subsequent Ó Conchobair Kings of Connacht descended.
Conchobar was a nominal vassal of Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid, High King of Ireland (died 862). He married Máel Sechnaill's daughter, Ailbe, and had sons Áed mac Conchobair (died 888), Tadg mac Conchobair (died 900) and Cathal mac Conchobair (died 925), all of whom subsequently reigned. Conchobar and his sons' descendants expanded the power of the Síol Muiredhaigh south into Uí Maine, west into Iar Connacht, and north into Uí Fiachrach Muaidhe and Bréifne.
By the reign of Áed in Gai Bernaig (1046–1067), Connacht's kings ruled much what is now the province. Yet the Ó Conchobair's contended for control with their cousins, the Ua Ruairc of Uí Briúin Bréifne. Four Ua Ruairc's achieved rule of the kingdom – Fergal Ua Ruairc (956–967), Art Uallach Ua Ruairc (1030–1046), Áed Ua Ruairc (1067–1087), and Domnall Ua Ruairc (1098–1102). In addition, the usurper Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh gained the kingship in 1092 by the expedient of blinding King Ruaidrí na Saide Buide. After 1102 the Ua Ruairc's and Ua Flaithbertaigh's were suborned and confined to their own kingdoms of Bréifne and Iar Connacht. From then till the death of the last king in 1474, the kingship was held exclusively by the Ó Conchobair's.
The single most substantial sub-kingdom in Connacht was Uí Maine, which at it maximum extant enclosed central and south County Roscommon, central, east-central and south County Galway, along with the territory of Lusmagh in Munster. Their rulers bore the family name Ó Ceallaigh;[19][20] its spelling sometimes varying slightly from scribe to scribe.
Though the Ó Ceallaigh's were never elevated to the provincial kingship, Uí Maine existed as a semi-independent kingdom both before and after the demise of the Connacht kingship. Notable rulers of Uí Maine included
Máine Mór (c. 357?–407?)
Marcán mac Tommáin (died 653)
Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh (reigned 985–1014)
Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Cellaigh (r.1145–1180)
Tadhg Ó Cellaigh (died 1316)
William Buidhe Ó Cellaigh (c.1349-c.1381)
Maelsechlainn mac Tadhg Ó Cellaigh (reigned c. 1499–1511)
Kings and High Kings
Stone carving of Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair from Cong Abbey
Under kings Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1088–1156) and his son Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair (c.1120–1198) Connacht became one of the five dominant kingdoms on the island. Tairrdelbach and Ruaidrí became the first men from west of the Shannon to gain the title Ard-Rí na hÉireann (High King of Ireland). In the latter's case, he was recognised all over the island in 1166 as Rí Éireann, or King of Ireland.
Tairrdelbach was highly innovative, building the first stone castles in Ireland, and more controversially, introducing the policy of primogeniture to a hostile Gaelic polity. Castles were built in the 1120s at Galway (where he based his fleet), Dunmore, Sligo and Ballinasloe, where he dug a new six-mile canal to divert the river Suck around the castle of Dun Ló. Churches, monasteries and dioceses were re-founded or created, works such as the Corpus Missal, the High Cross of Tuam and the Cross of Cong were sponsored by him.
Tairrdelbach annexed the Kingdom of Mide; its rulers, the Clann Cholmáin, became his vassals. This brought two of Ireland's five main kingdoms under the direct control of Connacht. He also asserted control over Dublin, which was even then being recognised as a kind of national capital.
His son, Ruaidrí, became king of Connacht "without any opposition" in 1156. One of his first acts as king was arresting three of his twenty-two brothers, "Brian Breifneach, Brian Luighneach, and Muircheartach Muimhneach" to prevent them from usurping him. He blinded Brian Breifneach as an extra precaution.
Ruaidrí was compelled to recognise Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn as Ard-Rí, though he went to war with him in 1159. Mac Lochlainn's murder in 1166 left Ruaidrí the unopposed ruler of all Ireland. He was crowned in 1166 at Dublin, "took the kingship of Ireland ...[and was] inaugurated king as honourably as any king of the Gaeidhil was ever inaugurated;" He was the first and last native ruler who was recognised by the Gaelic-Irish as full King of Ireland.
However, his expulsion of Dermot MacMurrough later that year brought about the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. Ruaidrí's inept response to events led to rebellion by his sons in 1177, and his deposition by Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair in 1183. Ruaidrí died at Cong in 1198, noted as the annals as late "King of Connacht and of All Ireland, both the Irish and the English."
High medieval era
Connacht was first raided by the Anglo-Normans in 1177 but not until 1237 did encastellation begin under Richard Mor de Burgh (c. 1194–1242). New towns were founded (Athenry, Headford, Castlebar) or former settlements expanded (Sligo, Roscommon, Loughrea, Ballymote). Both Gael and Gall acknowledged the supreme lordship of the Earl of Ulster; after the murder of the last earl in 1333, the Anglo-Irish split into different factions, the most powerful emerging as Bourke of Mac William Eighter in north Connacht, and Burke of Clanricarde in the south. They were regularly in and out of alliance with equally powerful Gaelic lords and kings such as Ó Conchobair of Síol Muireadaigh, Ó Cellaigh of Uí Maine and Mac Diarmata of Moylurg, in addition to extraprovincial powers such as Ó Briain of Thomond, FitzGerald of Kildare, Ó Domhnaill of Tír Chonaill.
Lesser lords of both ethnicities included Mac Donnchadha, Mac Goisdelbh, Mac Bhaldrin, Mac Siurtain, Ó hEaghra, Ó Flaithbeheraigh, Ó Dubhda, Ó Seachnasaigh, Ó Manacháin, Seoighe, Ó Máille, Ó Ruairc, Ó Madadháin, Bairéad, Ó Máel Ruanaid, Ó hEidhin, Ó Finnaghtaigh, Ó Fallmhain, Breathneach, Mac Airechtaig, Ó Neachtain, Ó hAllmhuráin, Ó Fathaigh.
Galway map of c. 1651 displaying the medieval town, which now forms the modern city centre
The town of Galway was the only significant urban area in the province. Its inhabitants governed themselves under charter of the king of England. Its merchant families, The Tribes of Galway, traded not only with the lordships around them and in Ireland, but with England, France, and Spain. Its mayor enjoyed supreme power but only for the length of his office, rarely more than a year. Galway's inhabitants were of mixed descent, its families bearing surnames of Gaelic, French, English, Welsh, Norman and other origins.
Connacht was the site of two of the bloodiest battles in Irish history, the Second Battle of Athenry (1316) and the Battle of Knockdoe (1504). The casualties of both battles were measured in several thousand, unusually high for Irish warfare. A third battle at Aughrim in 1691 resulted in an estimated 10,000 deaths.
All of Connacht's lordships remained in states of full or semi-independence from other Gaelic-Irish and Anglo-Irish rulers till the late 16th century, when the Tudor conquest of Ireland (1534–1603) brought all under the direct rule of King James I of England. The counties were created from c. 1569 onwards.
Confederate and Williamite Wars
During the 17th century representatives from Connacht played leading roles in Confederate Ireland and during the Williamite War in Ireland. Its main town, Galway, endured several sieges (see Sieges of Galway), while warfare, plague, famine and sectarian massacres killed about a third of the population by 1655. One of the last battles fought in pre-20th century Ireland occurred in Connacht, the Battle of Aughrim on 12 July 1691.
Early modern era
Connacht was mainly at peace between 1691 and 1798. A population explosion in the early 18th century was curbed by the Irish Famine, which led to many deaths and some emigration. Its memory has been overshadowed by the Great Famine (Ireland) one hundred years later.
Learned people from the province in this era included the following:
Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, Gaelic scribe, translator, historian and genealogist (fl. 1640–1671).
Richard Lynch, theologian (1611–1676)
Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh, chronology and antiquarian (1629 – c.1718)
Francis Martin, Professor of Greek and theologian (1652–1722)
John Fergus, member of Ó Neachtáin literary circle (c.1700 – c.1761)
Tomás Ó Caiside, soldier and poet (c.1709–1733?)
Charles O'Conor (historian) (1710–1791)
Patrick d'Arcy, mathematician and soldier (1725–1779)
Richard Kirwan, scientist (1733–1812)
Riocard Bairéad, poet (1740–1819)
William James MacNeven, physician and scientist (1763–1841)
William Higgins, chemist (1763–1825)
Antoine Ó Raifteiri bard (1784–1835)
James Hardiman, folklorist and historian (1792–1855)
Joseph Patrick Haverty, painter (1794–1864)
James Curley, astronomer and mathematician (1796–1880)
Colm de Bhailís, songwriter (1796–1906)
William Cunningham Blest, medical pioneer (1800–1884)
John Birmingham, Astronomer and geologist (1816–1884
William Larminie, poet and folklorist (1849–1900)
Augusta, Lady Gregory, dramatist and arts patron (1852–1932)
George Moore (novelist) (1852–1933)
Louis Brennan, inventor (1852–1932)
Percy French, songwriter, (1854–1920)
William Butler Yeats, poet (1865–1939)
Violet Florence Martin, novelist and short story writer (1862–1915)
Grace Rhys, writer (1865–1929)
Eva Gore-Booth, dramatist (1870–1926)
Margaret Burke Sheridan, Opera singer (1889–1958)
The Famine to World War One
Connacht was the worst hit area in Ireland during the Great Famine, in particular, counties Mayo and Roscommon. In the Census of 1841, the population of Connacht stood at 1,418,859, highest ever recorded. By 1851, the population had fallen to 1,010,031 and would continue to decline until the late 20th century. [1]
In the Annals of Ulster
Historical references to Connacht are generally accepted from the early 6th century onwards, commencing with the battle of Claenloch between the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne and the Uí Maine. It is thought that Claenloch is what is now called Coole Lough, four miles north of Gort, in County Galway.
References to the Arts c.1100 to 1700
Literary and historical works were produced in Connacht during these centuries included the Book of Ballymote (c.1391), the Great Book of Lecan (between 1397 and 1418), An Leabhar Breac (c. 1411), Egerton 1782 (early 16th century), and The Book of the Burkes (c.1580). Writers and learned people of the times included:
Signature page from the Annals of the Four Masters, Peregrine Ó Duibhgeannain's signature is last in the list
Aindileas Ua Chlúmháin, poet, died 1170
Muireadhach Albanach, Crusader, fl. 1213–1228
Flann Óge Ó Domhnalláin, ollamh of Connacht, died 1342
Aed mac Conchbair Mac Aodhagáin, bard, 1330–1359
Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin, historian, died 1372
Murchadh Ó Cuindlis, scribe, fl. 1398–1411
Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh, historian, fl. 1390–1418
Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn, poet, murdered 1591
Baothghalach Mór Mac Aodhagáin, poet, 1550–1600
Nehemiah Donnellan Archbishop of Tuam, translated New Testament into Irish, died 1609
Flaithri Ó Maolconaire, theologian, 1560-18 November 1629
Peregrine Ó Duibhgeannain, scribe of the Annals of the Four Masters, fl. 1627–1636
Patrick D'Arcy, author of the constitution of Confederate Ireland, 1598–1668
Mary Bonaventure Browne, religious writer and historian, born after 1610
Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, compiler of Leabhar na nGenealach, fl. 1643–1671
Daibhidh Ó Duibhgheannáin, scribe, compiler, poet, died 1696
Thomas Connellan, composer, c. 1640/1645–1698
Politics
Connacht–Ulster was one of Ireland's four regional constituencies for elections to the European Parliament until it was superseded in 2004 by the constituency of North-West.[21]
Sport
Gaelic games
Gaelic football and hurling dominate sport in Connacht with 212 Gaelic Athletic Association affiliated clubs in the province.[22]
Gaelic football is played throughout the province with the five counties annually competing in the Connacht Senior Football Championship to determine the provincial champion. Mayo have been the dominant force in the province in recent years winning a five-in-a-row of Connacht titles from 2011 to 2015, and have regularly reached the semi-finals and finals of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.[23] No football team from Connacht has won the All-Ireland since Galway in 2001.
Hurling in Connacht mostly played in County Galway. Galway is the only team in the province to compete in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winning the Liam MacCarthy Cup five times. The Galway hurling team compete in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship due to the lack of competition in the province.[24]
Rugby union
Connacht is represented by Connacht Rugby in the Pro14 and the Rugby Champions Cup. Connacht home games are played in the Galway Sportsgrounds in Galway. During the 2015/2016 Season of the Pro12, Connacht, for the first time, reached the play off stages of the competition and won the final in Edinburgh against rivals Leinster. It was their first ever Pro12 title.
Connacht-based teams who have played in the All-Ireland League include Buccaneers RFC, Galway Corinthians RFC, Galwegians RFC and Sligo RFC.
Other sports
Some other sports are overseen by provincial bodies, including in soccer/association football, where the Connacht Football Association is the governing body for a number of Connacht league and cup competitions. Cricket is a minor, but growing, sport within the province. The Connacht Cricket Union, founded in 2010, is the governing body for cricket in the province.[25] There are cricket clubs based in Ballaghaderreen, Ballyhaunis, Galway, and Sligo. Connacht does not currently enter a team into the provincial competitions.
See also
- Galway city
- Connacht Senior Football Championship
- Grace O'Malley
- Kings of Umaill
- Kings of Uí Fiachrach Muaidhe
- Kings of Uí Maine
- Kings of Luighne Connacht
- Kings of Sliabh Lugha
- Corca Fhir Trí
- List of Cities and Towns in Connacht by population
- Coin of Connaught
- The Connaught Rangers
- Duke of Connaught
- Kings of Connacht
- Lords of Connaught
References
^ "Population by province". Central Statistics Office. 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Challoner, Richard. A Memorial of Ancient British Piety: or, a British Martyrology, p. 127. W. Needham, 1761. Accessed 14 March 2013.
^ Census of Ireland 2016: 550,742 out of 1,684,250 total.
^ "Percentage of Irish Speakers and Non-Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2011 to 2016 by Sex, County and City, Statistical Indicator and Census Year". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
^ O'Rahilly, T. F. (1942). "Notes, Mainly Etymological". Ériu. Royal Irish Academy. 13: 157. JSTOR 30006811.
^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Pearson Longman. s.v. Connacht, Connaught. ISBN 9781405881173.
^ "Population of Saorstát Éireann and of each Province at each Census since 1881 and the Numbers of Marriages, Births and Deaths Registered in each Intercensal Period since 1871" (PDF). Census 1926 Volume 1 – Population, Area and Valuation of each DED and each larger Unit of Area. CSO. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ "European Assembly Elections Act, 1977, Schedule 2". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ "European Parliament Elections Act, 1993, Section 9". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ "European Parliament Elections Act, 1997, Schedule 3". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ "S.I. No. 91/2014 – Statistics (Carriage of Passengers, Freight and Mail by Air) Order 2013". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ "S.I. No. 200/1987 – Garda Síochána (Associations) (Superintendents and Chief Superintendents) Regulations, 1987". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ "Connacht Rugby Website". www.connachtrugby.ie. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
^ "Census of Population 2016 – Profile 10 Education, Skills and the Irish Language. Irish Language and the Gaeltacht. The Gaeltacht". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
^ "Percentage of Irish Speakers and Non-Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2011 to 2016 by Sex, County and City, Statistical Indicator and Census Year". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
^ "Table B - Population of administrative counties, 2011 and 2016". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
^ http://www.connemara.ie/en/content/killary/
^ ab "Population and Birthplace 2016 by Alphabetical List of Towns, CensusYear and Statistic". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
^ http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100015/text002.html
^ http://www.libraryireland.com/names/oc/o-ceallaigh.php
^ "Government parties hope to woo electorate during six months". The Irish Times. 2004-01-05. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
^ http://www.joe.ie/sport/infographic-the-number-of-gaa-clubs-in-every-county-in-ireland-and-every-continent-around-the-world/420318
^ http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/2015/0719/715869-mayo-c/
^ http://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/gaa/hurling/galway-moved-leinster-championship-more-2029995
^ "Cricket Ireland expands into the west". The Irish Times. 2010-11-08. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Connacht. |
 | Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Connaught. |
- Census 2011 – Galway Gaeltacht stats
- Census 2011 – Mayo Gaeltacht stats
- Gaeltacht Comprehensive Language Study 2007
- Gaelscoil stats
Counties of Ireland | ||
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