立体化学






不同類型的同分異構體。立體化學專注於立体异构體。


立体化学（stereochemistry），有机化学的主要内容。研究有机物在三维空间内的结构与变化的化学分支。由于碳以及所有其他元素的化学键往往不是在二维平面上伸展的，于是就产生了相应的异构现象，由此产生了立体化学这门学科。[1][2]


十九世纪中叶前，人们对有机化合物的认识一直停留在二维空间。随着有机技术和分析技术的发展，大量同分异构体被合成和发现，人们对有机化合物的认识才逐渐深入。当时人们认为二取代甲烷（CH2R2）有两种同分异构体，但是人们始终只能合成得到一种二取代甲烷。直到1874年，年仅22岁的荷兰科学家凡特霍夫提出碳原子成键的新解释。



参见



  • 同分异构


註釋





  1. ^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/stereo-


  2. ^ March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, third Edition, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-85472-7.
































  • 查

  • 论

  • 编


基本反应机理

亲核取代

单分子亲核取代反应（SN1） · 双分子亲核取代反应（SN2） · 芳香族亲核取代反应（SNAr） · 分子内亲核取代反应（SNi） · 親核醯基取代反應
消除反应

单分子消除反应（E1） · E1cB反应 · 双分子消除反应（E2）
加成反应

亲电加成反应（EA） · 亲核加成反应（NA） · 自由基加成 · 环加成反应
相关主题

基元反应 · 反应分子数 · 立体化学 · 催化剂 · 碰撞理论 · 溶劑效應 · 电子迁移指向
化学动力学

速率方程 · 速率控制步驟








规范控制


  • GND: 4129569-9

  • LCCN: sh85128002

  • NDL: 00569570



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Volkswagen Group MQB platform

Image
The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
Read more

Daniel Guggenheim

Image
Daniel Guggenheim 1925 photo Born ( 1856-07-09 ) July 9, 1856 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Died September 28, 1930 (1930-09-28) (aged 74) Port Washington, New York Alma mater Peirce College Known for Battle for control of ASARCO Daniel Guggenheim Medal Spouse(s) Florence Shloss Children Meyer Robert Guggenheim Harry Guggenheim Gladys Eleanor Guggenheim Parent(s) Meyer Guggenheim Barbara Guggenheim Daniel Guggenheim, 1910 Daniel Guggenheim (July 9, 1856 – September 28, 1930) was an American mining magnate and philanthropist, and a son of Meyer and Barbara Guggenheim. Contents 1 Biography 2 Personal life 2.1 Aviation 2.2 Alaska 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links Biography Born and raised in Philadelphia, Daniel Guggenheim was sent to Switzerland as a young man to study the Swiss lace and embroidery business, and to serve as a buyer for his father's import firm. The...
Read more