List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)




Timeline of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

Main article: Mesoamerican chronology









The chronology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica is usually divided into the following eras:




Contents






  • 1 Five Stage Classification


  • 2 Tabular list


  • 3 References


  • 4 See also





Five Stage Classification


One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods & cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into 5 phases. These are:



  • The Lithic stage

  • The Archaic stage

  • The Formative stage

  • The Classic stage

  • The Post-Classic stage


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.


Tabular list

































































Paleo-Indian
(10,000 BCE–3500 BCE)
 Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, obsidian and pyrite points, Iztapan

Archaic
(3500 BCE–1800 BCE)
 Agricultural settlements, Tehuacán

Preclassic (Formative)
(2000 BCE–250 CE)
 The start of nation-states. The first large scale ceremonial architecture, development of cities.

(Unknown culture in La Blanca and Ujuxte, Monte Alto culture)


 Early Preclassic
 Olmec area: San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan; Central Mexico: Chalcatzingo; Valley of Oaxaca: San José Mogote. The Maya area: Nakbe, Cerros
 2000 BCE–1000 BCE
Middle Preclassic
 Olmec area: La Venta, Tres Zapotes; Maya area: El Mirador, Izapa, Lamanai, Xunantunich, Naj Tunich, Takalik Abaj, Kaminaljuyú, Uaxactun; Valley of Oaxaca: Monte Albán
 1000 BCE–400 BCE
Late Preclassic
 Maya area: Uaxactun, Tikal, Edzná, Cival, San Bartolo, Altar de Sacrificios, Piedras Negras, Ceibal, Rio Azul; Central Mexico: Teotihuacan; Gulf Coast: Epi-Olmec culture
 400 BCE–200 CE

Classic
(200 CE–900 CE)
 Height of the nation-states.

(Classic Maya Centers, Teotihuacan, Zapote)


 Early Classic
 Maya area: Calakmul, Caracol, Chunchucmil, Copán, Naranjo, Palenque, Quiriguá, Tikal, Uaxactun, Yaxha; Teotihuacan apogee; Zapotec apogee.
 200 CE–600 CE
Late Classic
 Maya area: Uxmal, Toniná, Cobá, Waka', Pusilhá, Xultún, Dos Pilas, Cancuen, Aguateca; Central Mexico: Xochicalco, Cacaxtla, Cholula; Gulf Coast: El Tajín and Classic Veracruz culture
 600 CE–900 CE
Terminal Classic
 Maya area: Puuc sites - Uxmal, Labna, Sayil, Kabah
 800 CE–900/1000 CE

Postclassic
(900 CE–1519 CE)
 Collapse of many of the great nations and cities of the Classic Era

(Aztec, Purépecha, Mixtec, Totonac, Pipil, Itzá, Kowoj, K'iche', Kaqchikel, Poqomam, Mam)


 Early Postclassic
Tula, Mitla, Tulum, Topoxte,
 900 CE–1200 CE
Late Postclassic
Tenochtitlan, Cempoala, Tzintzuntzan, Mayapán, Ti'ho, Utatlán, Iximche, Mixco Viejo, Zaculeu
 1200 CE–1519 CE

Post Conquest
(Until 1697 CE)
 Central Peten: Tayasal, Zacpeten


References



  • Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips (1957). Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-89888-1..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


See also



  • Archaeogenetics

  • Archaeology of the Americas

  • History of the Americas

  • Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas


  • List of archaeological periods - parent page

  • List of archaeological periods (North America)

  • List of pre-Columbian cultures









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