希臘土耳其人口互換








1923年希臘土耳其人口互換，是在希臘和土耳其簽署洛桑條約後，約200萬人（約150萬安納托利亞的希臘人和50萬在希臘的穆斯林）法律上從自己家園變成難民。


1922年底，絕大多數小亞細亞本地的希臘人因希土戰爭中希臘將戰敗和逃離希臘種族滅絕而前往希臘。根據一些計算，在1922年秋有90萬希臘人來到希臘。而這一重大的強制人口交換或同意相互驅逐，不是建立在語言或種族上，而在宗教身份上（涉及幾乎所有的土耳其東正教公民，包括其原生講土耳其語的東正教公民，大多數穆斯林希臘公民，包括其原生講希臘語的希腊裔穆斯林）。


堅持人口互換的原因是為實現民族和國家的同質化和實現希土間的和平，但兩國交換人口也造成土耳其可觀的經濟損失（因離開的希臘人多是從事跨國貿易和商業，或者是技術工人）。



參考


Matthew J. Gibney, Randall Hansen. (2005). Immigration and Asylum: from 1900 to the Present, Volume 3. ABC-CLIO. p. 377. ISBN 1-57607-796-9. "The total number of Christians who fled to Greece was probably in the region of I.2 million with the main wave occurring in 1922 before the signing of the convention. According to the official records of the Mixed Commission set up to monitor the movements, the "Greeks' who were transferred after 1923 numbered 189,916 and the number of Muslims expelled to Turkey was 355,635 [Ladas I932, 438–439; but using the same source Eddy 1931, 201 states that the post-1923 exchange involved 192,356 Greeks from Turkey and 354,647 Muslims from Greece."







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