Battle of Talikota

1565 battle in India

Battle of Talikota
Part of Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent
Date 23 January 1565 Location Talikota in present day Karnataka 16°28′24″N 76°18′43″E / 16.47333°N 76.31194°E / 16.47333; 76.31194Coordinates: 16°28′24″N 76°18′43″E / 16.47333°N 76.31194°E / 16.47333; 76.31194 Result Decisive Deccan victory Sack of Hampi Decline of the Vijayanagara Empire
Belligerents
Deccan sultanates Ahmadnagar Sultanate Bijapur Sultanate Golkonda Sultanate Berar Sultanate Bidar Sultanate	Vijayanagara Empire Nayaks of Thanjavur
Commanders and leaders
Hussain Nizam Shah I Ali Adil Shah I Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali Ali Barid Shah I Burhan Imad Shah Raja Ghorpade	Aliya Rama Raya‍  Venkatadri † Tirumala Deva Raya Achutappa Nayak
Strength
80,000 infantry (Beydurs)[1] 30,000 cavalry[1] several dozen artillery cannons[1]	140,000-foot, 10,000 horse and over 100 War elephants[1]

v t e Mughal–Rajput War (1558–78)
Battle of Thanesar Siege of Chittorgarh Battle of Haldighati

The Battle of Talikota (23 January 1565) was a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates. The battle took place at Talikota, today a town in northern Karnataka, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) to the southeast from the city of Bijapur. The defeat of Vijayanagara Empire, followed subsequent destruction and looting which became short lived before the successors of Rama Raya.

Contents

• 
  1 Battle
  


• 
  2 Outcome
  


• 
  3 See also
  


• 
  4 References
  


• 
  5 Notes
  


• 
  6 External links
  

Battle

Battle of Talikota.

The Muslim Sultanates to the north of Vijayanagara united and attacked Aliya Rama Raya's army, on 23 January 1565, in an engagement known as the Battle of Talikota.^[2] The armies clashed on the plains near the villages of Rakkasagi and Tangadigi (it is also known as the Battle of Rakkasa-Tangadi).^[3]

The Vijayanagara army was winning the battle, state Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, but suddenly two generals of the Vijayanagara army switched sides and turned their loyalty to the united Sultanates. They captured Aliya Rama Raya and beheaded him on the spot, with Sultan Hussain on the Sultanates side joining them.^[4][5] The beheading of Rama Raya created confusion and havoc and in the still loyal portions of the Vijayanagara army, which were then completely routed. The Sultanates' army plundered Hampi and reduced it into ruins.^[6]

Outcome

The "Malik-i-Maidan" (Master of the Field) cannon, stated to be the largest piece of cast bronze ordnance in the world,^[7] was utilized by the Deccan Sultanates during the Battle of Talikota. It was provided by Ali Adil Shah I (Bijapur Sultanate)

According to Shastri, the greatest factor was the betrayal of the Vijaynagara Army by two Muslim commanders (Gilani Brothers). At the critical point of the war, Muslim officers in the Vijayanagara army launched a subversive attack. Suddenly Aliya Rama Raya found himself surprised when the two Muslim divisions in his ranks turned against him.^[8]

Robert Sewell, in his book The Forgotten Empire, concludes thus – "With fire and sword, with crowbars and axes, they carried on day after day their work of destruction. Never perhaps in the history of the world has such havoc been wrought, and wrought so suddenly, on so splendid a city; teeming with a wealthy and industrious population in the full plenitude of prosperity one day, and on the next seized, pillaged, and reduced to ruins, amid scenes of savage massacre and horrors beggaring description."^[9]

See also

• Battle of Raichur

References

• 
  Eaton, Richard M. (2006). A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71627-7..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
  


• Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, A concise history of Karnataka, 2001, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)


• Prof K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, Oxford University Press, New Delhi (1955; reprinted 2002)


• Robert Sewell, A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar; A Contribution to the History of India
  

Notes

1. 
   ^ ^abcd India Today Collector's edition of History
   


2. 
   ^ Eaton 2006, pp. 96–98.
   


3. 
   ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 110. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
   


4. 
   ^ Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). A History of India. Routledge. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-415-32920-0., Quote: "When battle was joined in January 1565, it seemed to be turning in favor of Vijayanagara - suddenly, however, two Muslim generals of Vijayanagara changes sides. Aliya Rama Raya was taken prisoner and immediately beheaded."
   


5. 
   ^ Eaton 2006, pp. 98, Quote: "Husain (...) ordered him beheaded on the spot, and his head stuffed with straw (for display).".
   


6. 
   ^ Eaton 2006, pp. 98–101.
   


7. 
   ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bijapur" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 927.
   


8. 
   ^ K A Nilakanta Shastri History of South India p. 267
   


9. 
   ^ "A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar; A Contribution to the History of India".
   

External links

• Incredible India Hampi Guide


• Hampi – A Guide To History And Tourism

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