Mixing
Mil Máscaras
| Mil Máscaras | |
|---|---|
 Máscaras in 2009. | |
| Birth name | Aaron Rodríguez Arellano |
| Born | (1942-07-15) July 15, 1942 San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico |
| Family | Dos Caras (brother) Sicodélico (brother) Alberto El Patron (nephew) El Hijo de Dos Caras (nephew) Sicodelico Jr. (nephew) Hijo de Sicodelico (nephew) |
| Professional wrestling career | |
| Ring name(s) | Mil Máscaras |
| Billed height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Billed weight | 111 kg (245 lb) |
| Trained by | Diablo Velasco[1] José Hérmes |
| Debut | July 16, 1965 (1965-07-16) |
Mil Máscaras (born Aaron Rodríguez Arellano, July 15, 1942) is a Mexican luchador.
Máscaras is one of the original "Big Three" of the lucha libre tradition in Mexico (the other two being El Santo and Blue Demon). He is considered one of the most influential wrestlers of all time for enhancing and popularizing the lucha libre style around the world both in the ring and as the star of 20 films. He is also an accomplished artist and cultural ambassador from his native country and has appeared on three of its postage stamps.[2] He is a member of one of Mexico's most prominent wrestling families—his brothers José and Pablo respectively wrestle as Dos Caras and Sicodélico, José's older son Alberto wrestles as Alberto El Patron, José's younger son Guillermo wrestles as El Hijo de Dos Caras (an identity that Alberto had once used), and Pablo's son Aaron is better known as Sicodelico Jr.. Máscaras was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2010, and the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. His ring name is Spanish for "Thousand Masks".
Contents
1 Professional wrestling career
1.1 Film career
1.2 Criticism
1.3 Legacy
2 Personal life
3 Championships and accomplishments
4 Luchas de Apuestas record
5 Filmography
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Professional wrestling career
Mascaras wrestling one of his greatest rivals, Canek, in 2009
Mil Máscaras made his professional wrestling debut in April 1965 in Guadalajara. Máscaras became popular in Mexico for being one of the best conditioned luchadores in the heavyweight division, which was dominated by foreigners at the time.[3] It was also his size which permitted him to wrestle in the US and Japan under the heavyweight division. Máscaras was one of the first masked luchadores outside of Mexico to play a non-heel role. He rarely resorted to rule breaking, instead relying on his repertoire of moves and counter-moves.[4] Máscaras was also one of the first wrestlers to introduce the high-flying moves of lucha libre, such as the plancha and tope suicida, to Japanese fans.[5] This brought him international fame as one of the first high-flyers, something he was not considered in Mexico where he fell under the mat-power category.
Máscaras made his international wrestling debut in 1968 at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, getting involved in rivalries against the likes of Ernie Ladd, John Tolos, Black Gordman and Goliath. In Mexico City, he unmasked El Halcon in a triangular tournament that included Alfonso Dantés in the 1970s. Owing to the limited spread of news at the time, he repeated the feat in a Japanese ring, winning by submission.
Máscaras performed for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) during the '70s. In his Japanese debut on February 19, 1971, he defeated Kantaro Hoshino in Tokyo. It was during this time that he had his best known international feud with American masked wrestler The Destroyer. During the '70s, Máscaras also had feuds with Mexican wrestlers such as TNT, Canek, El Halcon, and Angel Blanco. These feuds took place mostly in Mexico and the US, and were broadcast on Spanish language stations in the U.S. Máscaras was also the heavyweight champion of the IWA wrestling promotion, which was founded by Eddie Einhorn, and still holds the title to this day.
In 1974, Máscaras was World Champion for a short-lived but very exciting promotion, the International Wrestling Association, which promoted in the New York City area. He had major title defenses at Roosevelt Stadium, in Jersey City, NJ, against top competitors such as Ivan Koloff and Ernie Ladd.
Mil Máscaras appeared in World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now called WWE). He performed at Madison Square Garden several times after a ban on masked wrestlers was lifted for him, making him the first masked wrestler in the Garden, he defeated The Spoiler (who was not permitted to wear his mask). During this time, he feuded with Superstar Billy Graham over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.
Mil Máscaras in one of his more colorful outfits
Máscaras made many appearances during the 80s and the 90s at the World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico.
Máscaras also wrestled in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where his most notable match was a match with Cactus Jack at Clash of the Champions X: Texas Shootout on February 6, 1990 in the Memorial Coliseum in Corpus Christi, Texas.[6]
On September 10, 1991, at the age of 49, Máscaras won his final title, the WWA (Mexico) World Heavyweight Championship. He held the title until 1994 and assumed a state of semi-retirement after his final reign.[7]
Máscaras' first American pay-per-view appearance was competing in WWF's 1997 Royal Rumble match. He eliminated himself, diving off the top rope out of the ring onto Pierroth Jr., whom he himself had just eliminated. Such a move is common in lucha libre but it is technically a mistake in the Royal Rumble as it leads to elimination.
On December 5, 2002, Máscaras defeated Manny Fernandez at the inaugural show for Legacy Wrestling Enterprises in Fort Worth, TX. On July 25, Mascaras celebrated his 50th in-ring anniversary to the day by teaming with his brother Sicodelico and his nephew El Hijo De Dos Caras to face one of his greatest rivals, Canek, along with Negro Navarro and Rey Bucanero in a special six man tag.
Film career
Máscaras also starred in a series of 20 luchador action films beginning with his self-titled debut in 1966 at age 24. In 1966, Mexican movie producer Luis Enrique Vergara was looking for a new "enmascarado" to star in his wrestling/horror movies which were then the rage of Mexican cinema. Mil Máscaras was the first Lucha Libre personality that was created specifically to be a movie star, since his whole persona and flashy look was designed initially for the movies. (His real life wrestling career grew out of the excitement generated by his film appearances.)
Máscaras at a red carpet event
Vergara's two regular movie stars had suddenly become unavailable. Santo had walked out on him over a contract dispute, and Blue Demon was injured unexpectedly and would require a prolonged time-out. Not wanting to stop making his successful cinematic quickies, Vergara decided to transform Lucha Libre newcomer Mil Máscaras as the star of his next two movies. Mil began a movie career that has continued to this day, appearing in a total of 20 Mexican horror/wrestling/action films.
The first film, simply entitled Mil Mascaras (1966) was shot in black & white, and made Mil out to be a sort of super-hero. The film gave Mil Máscaras a comic book-style origin story, which seems to have been somewhat swiped from the then-popular Doc Savage pulp novels that were selling very well in science-fiction bookstores in the mid-60's. According to the script, Mil was an infant who was found clutched in his dead mother's arms in a war-torn area of Europe during World War 2 and was sent to an orphanage. A group of scientists (not affiliated with any particular country) adopts the boy, secretly using him as a guinea pig, subjecting the child to an intensive regimen of physical exercise and mental training as he matures.
When he reaches adulthood, Mil is something of a superman (although without actual super powers); both his mind and his body have been developed to perfection. The scientists then send him out into the world to help downtrodden people everywhere, to fight criminals and to right wrongs, and just basically help make the world a better place.
The plots of the first two films were rather lackluster. In both Mil Mascaras (1966) and its sequel Los Canallas (also 1966), Mil gets to fight a rather ordinary gang of thugs and a crooked fight promoter who are bullying the locals in some backwater burg in Mexico. Mil's second film Los Canallas and all of them thereafter were shot in Color.
Federico Curiel directed Mil's next two films in 1968, both of which feature American horror star John Carradine as a bad guy. Mil's missions were becoming a bit more meaningful by this time. In Enigma of Death, Mil faces off against Carradine who plays the leader of an underground Nazi organization (who disguises himself as a circus clown!), while in Las Vampiras, Mil goes up against a secret cult of female vampires led by a very manic Carradine.
In 1970, Curiel directed Mil in two of his team-up movies. The Mummies of Guanajuato teamed Mil up with both Blue Demon and El Santo in what became the highest-grossing Mexican wrestler film of all time, pitting the three enmascarados against a group of re-animated mummies.
The Champions of Justice (also 1970) saw Mil in action with fellow wrestlers Blue Demon, Tinieblas, El Medico Asesino and La Sombra Vengadora (who all joined together as sort of a super-team to fight monsters, mad scientists, criminals, evil dwarves or whatever else crossed their paths.) The producers employed a gaggle of masked midget wrestlers in a number of their luchador films in the 70s.
Over the next few years, a number of other team-up movies were made, most co-starring Mil Máscaras, who by this time was becoming the King of the Team-up Movies. Champions of Justice Return (1972) was very similar to the first Champions film, only with El Fantasma Blanco sitting in for El Medico Asesino, El Rayo de Jalisco replacing Tinieblas, and El Avispon Escarlata replacing La Sombra Vengadora. (Mil didn't appear in the third and final "Champions" film because it would've involved traveling to a foreign country where it was filmed.)
However, in 1973, he teamed up again with Tinieblas and El Fantasma Blanco in two more films, Macabre Legends of the Colony and The Mummies of San Angel (which both resemble "Champions Of Justice" films, in spite of the Blue Demon's conspicuous absence from the casts). Theft of the Mummies of Guanajuato (1972) teamed up Mil with the Blue Angel and El Rayo De Jalisco.
Mil then co-starred with super-star strongman Sergio Oliva in Black Power (1973). He fought alongside the then-famous Superzan in Vampires of Coyoacan (1973) and later joined forces once again with El Santo and Blue Demon in 1977's Mystery in Bermuda, which most Mexi-cinema fans consider to be the last real entry in the then fading Mexican wrestling/horror genre.
Mil also appeared in a solo movie of his own, A Rose in the Ring (1972) and years later, he even teamed up with Santo's son El Hijo del Santo in The Lawless Frontier (1983), making Mil Máscaras the only Mexican superhero to ever co-star with both Santos, father and son. In the late 80's, Mil appeared in two more wrestling films, La Verdad de la Lucha and La Llave Mortal.
Mil's film career lay dormant after 1990 for 17 years, but he more recently resumed appearing in movies. In 2007, Máscaras starred in Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy (also known as Mil Mascaras: Resurrection),[8] the first lucha film featuring any of the so-called "Big Three" stars of the genre (Máscaras, Blue Demon, Santo) to be produced in English. The film screened at festivals around the world garnering awards and award nominations along with positive critical reviews.[9][10] The film enjoyed almost continuous popularity and publicity for several years after its debut, including two magazine cover articles as late as 2012.[11] He also appeared in a 2008 film entitled Academy of Doom, and a 2015 film called Aztec Revenge.
Criticism
Multiple wrestlers have publicly complained of Máscaras' unwillingness to sell moves and put opponents over. One of the most vocal critics is Mick Foley who, in his book Have a Nice Day!, complained about Máscaras' refusal to sell moves in their match.[12] In his book, A Lion's Tale, Chris Jericho describes the stories of Máscaras' large ego and states that, if anything, "The tales were toning it down."[13] In a 2007 shoot interview, Superstar Billy Graham said that, during their series of matches, Máscaras was unwilling to sell properly. In September 2012, while announcing an Alberto Del Rio match at WWE's "Night of Champions" pay-per-view, John Layfield called Máscaras "the most egomaniacal, selfish human being that ever lived."
Máscaras has attributed these claims to cultural differences in the sport: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}
One problem is that in the U.S. some wrestlers focus more on their image than their skills. I understand because I understand the business. I don't criticize them for that, but they should understand that for me wrestling means something more. If a guy doesn't execute a move, I don't pretend that he did. If I miss a move, then I don't ask anyone to make me look good.
— Mil Mascaras, Filmfax, pp.51–52, issue 1, 2012
Legacy
WWE Hall of Fame 2012 Mil Máscaras
In 1975, Máscaras was voted "The Most Popular Wrestler of the Year" by the company that now publishes the US magazine Pro Wrestling Illustrated.[14]Satoru Sayama, the original Tiger Mask, has described Máscaras' impact on Japanese professional wrestling, "If it weren't for Mil Máscaras, there would be no Jushin Liger, no Último Dragón or the Great Sasuke today,".[15] Máscaras' success in the US also paved the way for other luchadors such as Rey Mysterio Jr., who has become one of the most popular luchadors in US wrestling. Even after reaching the age of 70 Máscaras continues to perform sporadically. In 2001, he was inducted into the Southern California Pro-Wrestling Hall of Fame.
In 2006, Máscaras was honored by the Cauliflower Alley Club, a fraternal organization of both retired and active wrestlers. The Destroyer, one of Máscaras legendary rivals, presented him with an award at the event. The Destroyer also commented on Máscaras' wrestling style, "He was the best competitor that I ever wrestled. He never gave you anything – it's true – but I didn't give him anything either. You talk about a shoot or a half-shoot, and that's the kind of match that it was."[16]
On October 7, 2011, Máscaras returned to Japan to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his debut in the country. He teamed with Dos Caras and Original Tiger Mask to defeat CIMA, Último Guerrero and Tiger Mask IV in a six-man tag team match.[17]
In April 2012, Máscaras was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by his nephew Alberto Del Rio.[18]
On December 4, 2013, Máscaras, along with Dos Caras, took part in a Tokyo Gurentai event in Tokyo's Korakuen Hall. In the main event, the two defeated Mazada and Nosawa Rongai to win the Tokyo World Tag Team Championship.[19]
Personal life
Máscaras has never been unmasked in the ring, and like most masked luchadores, he goes to great lengths to conceal his true appearance and personal life. Máscaras has two brothers who wrestled, Dos Caras and Sicodélico. He has two sons and two daughters with his first wife, who died in 1975, and two daughters with his second wife, whom he married in 1995. His nephews are Alberto Del Rio (also known as Dos Caras Jr., El Hijo de Dos Caras, and Alberto El Patrón); the current El Hijo de Dos Caras; Sicodélico Jr.; and Hijo Del Sicodelico.
Máscaras is an avid golfer and plays in many charity golf tournaments around the world, including annually at the Los Angeles Police Memorial Foundation Celebrity Golf Tournament[20]
Along with pro wrestling, Máscaras is a fan of Japanese martial arts, and has practised judo, aikido, jujutsu, karate and kendo, among others. He trained jujutsu under a Mitsuyo Maeda student, and also trained under Professor Tanaka.[21] Máscaras started learning martial arts as a counter to shoot attempts, and recalls several wrestlers who tried to shoot on him and whom he had to legitimately submit.[21]
Championships and accomplishments
Alianza Latinoamericana de Lucha Libre
- ALLL World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
All Japan Pro Wrestling
PWF United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)- January 2 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (1983)[22]
Cauliflower Alley Club
- Other inductee (2006)
Commission de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F.
Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
International Wrestling Association (Georgia)
- IWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)1
- IWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)1
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2009)[23]
NWA Big Time Wrestling – World Class Wrestling Association
NWA American Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jose Lothario
NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jose Lothario
WCWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jeff Jarrett
NWA Hollywood Wrestling
NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Alfonso Dantés (1) and Ray Mendoza (2)
NWA Americas Six-man tag team championship (3 times) - with Médico #1 & Médico #2 (1) and Médico #1 & Pepe López (1)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
- (Class of 2010)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1975)- PWI ranked him # 94 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
- PWI ranked him # 128 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 1993.
Tokyo Gurentai
Tokyo World Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Dos Caras[19]
Tokyo Sports
Match of the Year Award (1977) vs. Jumbo Tsuruta on August 25[24]
World Wrestling Association (Los Angeles)
WWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Association (Mexico)
WWA World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
WWE
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2012)[25]
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
1Ernie Ladd claims to have defeated Máscaras for the title on April 1, 1977,[26] but as of October 2012, Máscaras continues to defend the title in Mexico.[27]
Luchas de Apuestas record
| Winner (wager) | Loser (wager) | Location | Event | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Benny Galant (hair) | Mexico City | Live event | April 22, 1966 | [28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Black Gordman (hair) | Los Angeles, California | Live event | September 19, 1969 | [28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Bull Ramos (hair) | Los Angeles, California | Live event | October 10, 1969 | [28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Barón Escarlata (mask) | N/A | Live event | January 2, 1971 | [28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Frankenstein (mask) | Tijuana, Baja California | Live event | 1974 | [Note 1][28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Alfonso Dantés (hair) | Mexico City | Live event | February 22, 1977 | [Note 2][28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | El Halcón (mask) | Mexico City | Live event | July 29, 1977 | [28][29] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | El Halcón (mask) | Japan | Live event | September 13, 1978 | [28][29] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Popitekus (hair) | Tijuana, Baja California | Live event | August 1988 | |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Principe Battu (hair) | Dallas, Texas | Live event | November 20, 1994 | |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Gran Markus Jr. (mask) | Naucalpan, Mexico State | Live event | June 29, 1997 | [Note 3][28] |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | Venom (mask) | Reynosa | Live event | March 17, 2007 | |
| Mil Máscaras (mask) | El Yuma (mask) | Reynosa | Live event | March 20, 2007 | |
Filmography
- 1966
Mil Máscaras (Mil Mascaras) first appearance and origin of Mil Máscaras; the only B&W film in the series
Los Canallas (The Scoundrels); aka "The Swine", "Hell's Angels" or "Angeles Infernales"; made in color
- 1968
Las Vampiras (The Vampire Girls) (co-starring John Carradine)
Enigma de Muerte (Enigma of Death) (co-starring John Carradine)
- 1970
Los Campeones Justicieros (The Champions of Justice) (co-starring Blue Demon, Tinieblas, El Médico Asesino, and La Sombra Vengadora)
Las Momias de Guanajuato (The Mummies of Guanajuato) (co-starring Santo and Blue Demon)
- 1972
El Robo de las Momias de Guanajuato (The Theft of the Mummies of Guanajuato) (co-starring The Blue Angel and El Rayo De Jalisco)
Vuelven los Campeones Justicieros (The Champions of Justice Return) (co-starring Blue Demon, El Fantasma Blanco, El Rayo de Jalisco, and El Avispón Escarlata)
Una Rosa Sobre el Ring (A Rose in The Ring) (co-starring Crox Alvarado as "The Black Mask")
- 1973
Leyendas Macabras de la Colonia (Macabre Legends of The Colony) (co-starring Tinieblas and El Fantasma Blanco)
Las Momias de San Ángel (The Mummies of San Ángel) (co-starring Tinieblas and El Fantasma Blanco)
Los Vampiros de Coyoacán (The Vampires of Coyoacán) (co-starring Superzan)
El Poder Negro (Black Power) (co-starring Sergio Oliva)
- 1977
Misterio en las Bermudas (Mystery in Bermuda) (co-starring Santo and Blue Demon)
- 1983
El Hijo del Santo en la Frontera Sin Ley (Son of Santo in The Lawless Frontier)
- 1988
La Verdad de la Lucha (The Truth About Wrestling)
- 1990
La Llave Mortal (The Deadly Wrestling Hold)
- 2007
Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy (aka Mil Mascaras: Resurrection)
- 2007
- Academy of Doom
- 2015
- Aztec Revenge
Notes
^ This was a triangle match that also included Texas.
^ This was a triangle match that also included El Halcon
^ This was a triangle match that also included Tinieblas
References
.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}
- General sources – Championship Information
Royal Duncan & Gary Will (2000). "Mexico". Wrestling Title Histories. Archeus Communications. pp. 389–402. ISBN 0-9698161-5-4..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
- General sources – Career
Madigan, Dan (2007). "Los Enmascarados (the masked men): Mil Máscaras". Mondo Lucha Libre: the bizarre& honorable world of wild Mexican wrestling. HarperColins Publisher. pp. 93–99. ISBN 978-0-06-085583-3.
"Lucha Libre: Conoce la historia de las leyendas de cuadrilátero". Mil Máscaras (1942) (in Spanish). Mexico. 2008. p. 38. Grandes Figuras de la Lucha Libre.
Aguierre, Antonio (1992). "Colosos de Colosos". Mil Máscaras: Anatomia de una gran luchador (in Spanish). Nextitla, Mexico: Fanqueo Pagado Publicacion Periodica. pp. 1–66. 2.
Foley, Mick (2000). Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks. HarperCollins. p. 511. ISBN 0-06-103101-1.
- Specific references
^ Madigan, Dan (2007). "Dorada de lucha libre: Las Leyendas, las peleas, los fósforos del resentimiento (the golden age of lucha libre: the legends, the feuds, the grudge matches): Diablo Velasco". Mondo Lucha A Go-Go: the bizarre & honorable world of wild Mexican wrestling. HarperCollins Publisher. pp. 203–205. ISBN 978-0-06-085583-3.
^ "Filmfax" (1). 2012: 48–52.
^ Madigan, Dan (2007). "Mil Mascaras". Mondo Lucha Libre: the bizarre & honorable world of wild Mexican wrestling. HarperColins Publisher. pp. 93–99. ISBN 978-0-06-085583-3.
^ Mil Mascaras
^ Interview: Mil Mascaras and Satoru Sayama
^ Foley, Mick. Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks (p.169)
^ Slagle, Steve. Photos & Bios – Mil Máscaras Archived 2009-04-01 at the Wayback Machine WrestlingMuseum.com (2000). Retrieved December 8, 2007.
^ "MMvsAM".
^ "PopMatters".
^ "mjsimpson". Archived from the original on 2009-01-23.
^ "Mil Mascaras vs. The Aztec Mummy (aka Mil Mascaras: Resurrection) | Press". Mmvsam.com. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
^ Foley, Mick. Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks (p.169-171)
^ Jericho, Chris. A Lion's Tale: Around the World in Spandex
^ Wrestling Information Archive – Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners – Most Popular Wrestler of the Year Archived 2011-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
^ The Wrestling Gospel According to Mike Mooneyham Archived 2008-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
^ CANOE – SLAM! Sports – Wrestling – Race & Hennig go over at Cauliflower Alley Club banquet
^ CIMA @ Mascaras Anniversary – 07 Oct 2011
^ Caldwell, James (October 17, 2011). "WWE News: First inductee into 2012 WWE Hall of Fame announced at Smackdown TV taping (w/video)". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
^ ab マスカラス兄弟で日本最後の編隊飛行と思われたが、まさかのタッグ王座奪取！ドス・カラスは現役続行に意欲!?. Battle News (in Japanese). December 4, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
^ "Los Angeles Police Memorial Foundation - Golf". Lapmf.org. 2014-05-31. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
^ ab Interview between Satoru Sayama and Mil Máscaras, Puroresu Dojo, August 3, 1995
^ "Misc. All Japan Events". Prowrestlinghistory.com. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
^ Csonka, Larry (2009-06-09). "NWA Class of 2009". Retrieved 2009-02-22.
^ 東京スポーツ プロレス大賞. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). Retrieved 2014-01-20.
^ "Mil Mascaras to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame". WWE. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
^ "International Wrestling Association International/World Heavyweight Title". Puroresu Dojo. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
^ Boutwell, Josh (2012-10-13). "Viva La Raza! Lucha Weekly". WrestleView. Archived from the original on 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
^ abcdefghi "Enciclopedia de las Mascaras". Mil Mascaras (in Spanish). Mexico. October 2007. p. 33. Tomo III.
^ ab Centinela, Teddy (July 29, 2015). "En un día como hoy… 1977: Mil Máscaras vs. El Halcón, máscara contra máscaras… 1960: Gori Guerrero destrona a Ray Mendoza". SuperLuchas Magazine (in Spanish). Retrieved July 29, 2015.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mil Máscaras. |
- Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Profile
Mil Máscaras on IMDb- Official "Mil Mascaras Vs the Astecm Mummy Page
- PopMatters Review of Mil Mascaras vs. The Aztec Mummy
- Santoandfriends.com
- Profile at InternationalHero
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