Anti-abortion movement






"Pro-life" redirects here. For the right to life as a concept, see Right to life.

Anti-abortion movements, also referred to as Pro-life movements, are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality. Many anti-abortion movements began as countermovements in response to the legalization of elective abortions.


Abortion is defined as the termination of a human pregnancy accompanied by the death of the embryo or fetus.[1]


.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}



Contents






  • 1 Movements by country


    • 1.1 Europe


      • 1.1.1 France


      • 1.1.2 Ireland


      • 1.1.3 Liechtenstein


      • 1.1.4 Spain


      • 1.1.5 Ukraine


      • 1.1.6 United Kingdom




    • 1.2 Middle East and North Africa


      • 1.2.1 Israel




    • 1.3 Americas


      • 1.3.1 Chile


      • 1.3.2 United States




    • 1.4 Africa


      • 1.4.1 South Africa




    • 1.5 Australia


    • 1.6 Russia




  • 2 See also


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





Movements by country



Europe





Each Life Matters demonstration in Madrid, Spain, on 17 October 2009


In Europe, abortion law varies by country, and has been legalized through parliamentary acts in some countries, and constitutionally banned (or heavily restricted) in others. In Western Europe this has had the effect at once of both more closely regulating the use of abortion, and at the same time mediating and reducing the impact anti-abortion campaigns have had on the law.[2]



France


The first specifically anti-abortion organization in France, Laissez-les-vivre-SOS futures mères, was created in 1971 during the debate that was to lead to the Veil Law in 1975. Its main spokesman was the geneticist Jérôme Lejeune. Since 2005, the French anti-abortion movement has organized an annual March for Life.[3]



Ireland


There are several major anti-abortion groups in the Republic of Ireland, Pro Life Campaign, Youth Defence and Iona Institute.



Liechtenstein


In Liechtenstein, an application to legalize abortions was rejected by a slim majority in a referendum in 2011. The opponents, which included Prince Alois, got 500 votes more and eventually settled at 52.3 percent compared with 47.7 percent.[4]


Prince Alois had announced the use of his veto in advance if necessary to prevent the introduction of abortion.[5]



Spain


In Spain, over one million demonstrators took part in a march in Madrid in October 2009 to protest plans by the government of José Luis Zapatero to legalize elective abortions and eliminate parental consent restrictions.[6]


In 2010 1,067,315 Spaniards signed a petition against the liberal abortion policy of the government. The petition was launched by the organizations "Derecho a vivir" (right to life) and "Hazteoir" (make yourself heard).[7]



Ukraine


Gift of life is a medical and anti-abortion charity in Ukraine.[8]



United Kingdom


In the United Kingdom, the most prominent anti-abortion organization is the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children. It was formed to "uphold the principle of respect for human life, in particular the life of the unborn child" at the time of the passage of the 1967 Abortion Act which liberalized abortion law. The group campaigns against abortion, often using questionable claims,[9] and supports protests at pregnancy clinics.[10]



Middle East and North Africa



Israel


Main article: Efrat (organization)

In Israel, the major anti-abortion organization is Efrat.[11] Efrat activists primarily raise funds to relieve the "financial and social pressures" on pregnant women so that they will not terminate their pregnancies. However, this activity is only carried out in the Jewish sector in Israeli society, as Efrat officially views abortion among Jews as a demographic threat to the Jewish people.[12]



Americas



Chile


The Chilean movement is called Siempre por la Vida.[13]



United States


Main article: United States anti-abortion movement

The United States anti-abortion movement formed as a response to the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton Supreme Court decisions, with many anti-abortion organizations having emerged since then. There is also a smaller consistent life ethic movement, favoring a philosophy which opposes all forms of killing, including abortion, war, euthanasia, and capital punishment.


The current movement is in part a continuation of previous debates on abortion that led to the practice being banned in all states in the late 19th century. The initial movement was led by physicians, but also included politicians and feminists. Among physicians, advances in medical knowledge played a significant role in influencing anti-abortion opinion. Quickening, which had previously been thought to be the point at which the soul entered a human was discovered to be a relatively unimportant step in fetal development, causing them to rethink their position of early term abortions.[14] Ideologically, the Hippocratic Oath and the medical mentality of that age to defend the value of human life as an absolute also played a significant role in molding opinions about abortion.[14]


Meanwhile, feminists tended to regard abortion as an undesirable necessity forced upon women by thoughtless men.[15] The "free love" wing of the feminist movement refused to advocate abortion and treated the practice as an example of the hideous extremes to which modern marriage was driving women.[16]Marital rape and the seduction of unmarried women were societal ills which feminists believed caused the need to abort, as men did not respect women's right to abstinence.[16]



Africa



South Africa


In South Africa there is an anti-abortion organization called Pro-Life Generation.[17][third-party source needed]



Australia


In Australia, the anti-abortion movement is represented by a number of organizations including Cherish Life, Right to Life Australia, and Australian Christian Lobby. These organizations undertake various campaigning actions including political campaign fundraising.[18]



Russia


Main article: Abortion in Russia

Abortion is legal in Russia as an elective procedure up to the 12th week of pregnancy, and in special circumstances at later stages.[19] The abortion issue gained renewed attention in 2011 in a debate that The New York Times says "has begun to sound like the debate in the United States".[20] Parliament passed and President Dmitri Medvedev signed several restrictions on abortion into law to combat "a falling birthrate" and "plunging population".[20] The restrictions include requiring abortion providers to devote 10% of advertising costs to describing the dangers of abortion to a woman's health and make it illegal to describe abortion as a safe medical procedure. Medvedev's wife Svetlana Medvedeva has taken up the pro-life cause in Russia in a weeklong national campaign against abortion called "Give Me Life!" and a "Day of Family, Love and Faithfulness" by her Foundation for Social and Cultural Initiatives in conjunction with the Russian Orthodox Church.[20]



See also




  • Anti-abortion violence

  • Crisis pregnancy center

  • Fetal rights

  • Forced abortion


  • Mildred Fay Jefferson (founder of National Right to Life PAC)

  • History of abortion law debate

  • Pregnancy from rape § Opposition to legal abortion


  • Unplanned (movie based on Abby Johnson’s book about her experience being a planned parenthood’s clinic director and becoming a leader for the anti-abortion movement.)[21]



References





  1. ^ "Definition of ABORTION". www.merriam-webster.com..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Outshoorn, Joyce (1996). "The stability of compromise: Abortion politics in Western Europe". In Marianne Givens; Dorothy M. Stetson. Abortion politics: public policy in cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. p. 161. ...parliamentary decision are sustained by political parties which, in comparison to the United States, are deeply rooted in European society. The political parties have managed to regulate and pacify the political reform process, which in the decision-making stage marginalized opposition outside parliament.


  3. ^ "Thousands take part in Paris anti-abortion march". Euronews. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2016.


  4. ^ "In Liechtenstein bleiben Abtreibungen verboten". Focus. 2011-09-18. Retrieved 2014-12-17.


  5. ^ "Radikal für das Leben!, 08 September 2012". Zukunft CH. 2012-09-28. Archived from the original on 2014-12-17. Retrieved 2014-12-17.


  6. ^ "Agence France Presse, 17 October 2009". Google.com. 2009-10-17. Retrieved 2011-11-16.


  7. ^ "Spanien: Mehr als eine Million unterschreiben gegen Abtreibung, 23 February 2010". Blaue Narzisse. 2010-02-23. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-17.


  8. ^ "Gift of Life website". us.giftoflife.org. 10 June 2017. Retrieved 2 Feb 2019.


  9. ^ Vasagar, Jeevan; editor, education (2012-03-23). "Revealed: what children are being told about abortion". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-02-05.


  10. ^ Quinn, Ben (2012-03-13). "Anti-abortion activism escalating, warns clinic targeted by vigil". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-02-05.


  11. ^ "Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life". Friendsofefrat.org. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2015.


  12. ^ "How Efrat Saves Lives". Friendsofefrat.org. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2015.


  13. ^ "Bachelet to Redact Chile's Abortion Prohibition before End of 2014". PanAm Post. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2016.


  14. ^ ab James C. Mohr (1978). Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy. Oxford University Press/. pp. 35–36.


  15. ^ Mohr, James C. (1978). Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy. Oxford University Press. p. 110.


  16. ^ ab James C. Mohr (1978). Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy. Oxford University Press/. p. 112.


  17. ^ "ProLife Generation". ProLife Generation


  18. ^ Allan, Lyle (November 30, 2010). "Margaret Tighe. The most powerful woman in Victoria". Tasmanian Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018.


  19. ^ (in Russian) Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 21 ноября 2011 г. N 323-ФЗ


  20. ^ abc Sophia Kishkovsky, July 15, 2011

    Nytimes.com

    Russia Enacts Law Opposing Abortion


  21. ^ Unplanned Movie, Unplanned Official Trailer - In Theaters March 29, retrieved 2019-02-04




External links


  • List of international anti-abortion organizations


https://www.crossroadswalk.org. "Crossroads | Taking Steps to Save Lives!". Crossroads. Retrieved 2019-02-13.







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Volkswagen Group MQB platform

Image
The Volkswagen Group MQB platform is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its transverse, front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (optional front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout) automobiles. Volkswagen spent roughly $60bn [1] developing this new platform and the cars employing it. The platform underpins a wide range of cars from the supermini class to the mid size SUV class. MQB allows Volkswagen to assemble any of its cars based on this platform across all of its MQB ready factories. This allows the Volkswagen group flexibility to shift production as needed between its different factories. Beginning in 2012, Volkswagen Group marketed the strategy under the code name MQB , which stands for Modularer Querbaukasten , translating from German to "Modular Transversal Toolkit" or "Modular Transverse Matrix". [2] [3] MQB is one strategy within VW's overall MB (Modularer Baukasten or modular matrix) program which also includes th...
Read more

Daniel Guggenheim

Image
Daniel Guggenheim 1925 photo Born ( 1856-07-09 ) July 9, 1856 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Died September 28, 1930 (1930-09-28) (aged 74) Port Washington, New York Alma mater Peirce College Known for Battle for control of ASARCO Daniel Guggenheim Medal Spouse(s) Florence Shloss Children Meyer Robert Guggenheim Harry Guggenheim Gladys Eleanor Guggenheim Parent(s) Meyer Guggenheim Barbara Guggenheim Daniel Guggenheim, 1910 Daniel Guggenheim (July 9, 1856 – September 28, 1930) was an American mining magnate and philanthropist, and a son of Meyer and Barbara Guggenheim. Contents 1 Biography 2 Personal life 2.1 Aviation 2.2 Alaska 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links Biography Born and raised in Philadelphia, Daniel Guggenheim was sent to Switzerland as a young man to study the Swiss lace and embroidery business, and to serve as a buyer for his father's import firm. The...
Read more