List of JVM languages

This list of JVM Languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM). Some of these languages are interpreted by a Java program, and some are compiled to Java bytecode and JIT-compiled during execution as regular Java programs to improve performance.

The JVM was initially designed to support only the programming language Java. However, as time passed, even more languages were adapted or designed to run on the Java platform.

Contents

• 
  1 JVM languages
  
  
  
  • 
    1.1 High-profile languages
    
  
  
  • 
    1.2 JVM implementations of existing languages
    
  
  
  • 
    1.3 New languages with JVM implementations
    
    
    
    • 
      1.3.1 Comparison of these languages
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  2 See also
  


• 
  3 Notes
  


• 
  4 References
  

JVM languages

High-profile languages

Apart from the Java language, the most common or well-known other JVM languages are:

• 
  Clojure, a modern, dynamic, and functional dialect of the Lisp programming language
  


• 
  Groovy, a dynamic programming and scripting language
  


• 
  JRuby, an implementation of Ruby
  


• 
  Jython, an implementation of Python
  


• 
  Kotlin, a statically-typed language from JetBrains, the developers of IntelliJ IDEA
  


• 
  Scala, a statically-typed object-oriented and functional programming language^[1]
  

JVM implementations of existing languages

Language	Java implementations
Arden Syntax	Arden2ByteCode
COBOL	Micro Focus Visual COBOL[2]
ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)	Adobe ColdFusion Railo Lucee Open BlueDragon
Common Lisp	Armed Bear Common Lisp[3]
Cypher	Neo4j[4]
Haskell	Eta
JavaScript	Rhino Nashorn Graal.js[5]
LLVM Bitcode	Sulong[6]
Mercury	Mercury (Java grade)
Component Pascal	Gardens Point Component Pascal
Pascal	MIDletPascal Oxygene
Perl 6	Rakudo Perl 6
PHP	Quercus[7][8]JPHP
Prolog	JIProlog TuProlog
Python	Jython ZipPy[9] Graal.Python[5]
R	Renjin FastR[10]
Rexx	NetRexx
Ruby	JRuby TruffleRuby[11]
Scheme	Bigloo Kawa SISC JScheme
Smalltalk	Redline[12]
Tcl	Jacl
Visual Basic	Jabaco[note 1]

New languages with JVM implementations

• 
  Ateji PX, an extension of Java for easy parallel programming on multicore, GPU, Grid and Cloud^[17]
  


• 
  BeanShell, a scripting language which syntax is close to Java


• 
  Eclipse Ceylon, a Java competitor from Red Hat
  


• EPL (Event Processing Language), a domain-specific, data manipulation language for analyzing and detecting patterns in timed event streams, which extends SQL 92 with event-oriented features. It is implemented by Esper: up to version 6 EPL was mostly a language interpreted by a Java library; since version 7 it is compiled to JVM bytecode.


• 
  CFML, ColdFusion Markup Language, more commonly known as CFML, is a scripting language for web development that runs on the JVM, the .NET framework, and Google App Engine. ^[18]
  


• 
  E-on-Java, object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing


• Eta, pure, lazy, strongly typed functional programming language in the spirit of Haskell^[19]
  


• 
  Fantom, a language built from the base to be portable across the JVM, .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), and JavaScript^[20]
  


• Flow Java


• 
  Fortress, a language designed by Sun as a successor to Fortran, mainly for parallel scientific computing. Product development was taken over by Oracle when Sun was purchased. Oracle then stopped development in 2012 according to Dr. Dobb's.


• 
  Frege, a non-strict, pure functional programming language in the spirit of Haskell^[21]
  


• 
  Golo, a simple, dynamic, weakly-typed language for the JVM developed at Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon, France, now an incubating project at the Eclipse Software Foundation.^[22][23][24]
  


• 
  Gosu, an extensible type-system language compiled to Java bytecode


• 
  Ioke, a prototype-based language somewhat reminiscent of Io, with similarities to Ruby, Lisp and Smalltalk
  


• Jelly


• 
  Join Java, a language that extends Java with join-calculus semantics


• Joy


• Judoscript


• 
  Mirah, a customizable language featuring type inference and a highly Ruby-inspired syntax^[25][26]
  


• 
  NetLogo, a multi-agent language


• Nice


• 
  Noop, a language built with testability as a major focus


• 
  Pizza, a superset of Java with function pointers and algebraic data types
  


• Pnuts


• 
  Processing, a visualization and animation language and framework based on Java with a Java-like syntax


• 
  RascalMPL, a source and target language independent (parameterized) meta programming language


• Whiley


• 
  X10, a language designed by IBM, featuring constrained types and a focus on concurrency and distribution


• 
  Xtend, an object-oriented, functional, and imperative programming language built by the Eclipse foundation, featuring tight Java interoperability, with a focus on extension methods and lambdas, and rich tooling


• 
  Yoix, general purpose, non-object-oriented, interpreted dynamic programming language

Comparison of these languages

Language	First Release	Stable release	Last release
BeanShell	1999	2013	2016
Eclipse Ceylon	2011	2017	2017
CFML	1995	2018	2018
Quark Framework	2011	2018
E	1997
Fantom	2011	2017
Fortress	2006	2011	2017
Frege
Mirah	2016
Xtend	2011	2017

See also

• 
  Java (programming language) portal
  

• Da Vinci Machine


• Java virtual machine#JVM languages


• 
  List of CLI languages, following the CLI specification, Microsoft's response to JVM

Notes

1. 
   ^ ^[13][14][15] is a freeware IDE in beta-testing since 2009, with a partly open source ^[16] Jabaco framework runtime. Jabaco compiles VB 6 syntax source to Java bytecode.
   

References

1. 
   ^ Wampler, Dean (15 January 2009). "Adopting New JVM Languages in the Enterprise (Updated)". objectmentor.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ "Visual COBOL Brochure" (PDF). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
   


3. 
   ^ Armed Bear Common Lisp
   


4. 
   ^ "New on Neo4j: The Neo4j 2.3.0 Milestone 2 Release Is Here". Retrieved 20 February 2017.
   


5. 
   ^ ^ab "Oracle Labs GraalVM: Programming Languages and Runtimes Overview". www.oracle.com. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
   


6. 
   ^ "graalvm/sulong". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
   


7. 
   ^ "Introducing Quercus, a Java based PHP". Retrieved 2 July 2015.
   


8. 
   ^ "Running PHP With Quercus in Sun Java System Web Server". Retrieved 2 July 2015.
   


9. 
   ^ "ssllab / ZipPy — Bitbucket". bitbucket.org. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
   


10. 
    ^ "oracle/fastr". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
    


11. 
    ^ "oracle/truffleruby". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
    


12. 
    ^ "Redline Smalltalk". Retrieved 2018-09-02.
    


13. 
    ^ "Jabaco entry at Mindteq.com Basics section". Retrieved 2 July 2015.]
    


14. 
    ^ "Article about Jabaco at German Pro-Linux publication". Retrieved 2 July 2015.]
    


15. 
    ^ "Basic meet Java". Retrieved 26 February 2015.
    


16. 
    ^ "Framework". Retrieved 26 February 2015.
    


17. 
    ^ "Ateji PX: Java Parallel Programming Made Simple". Ateji. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
    


18. 
    ^ CFML, a scripting language compiled to Java, used on the ColdFusion or Railo application servers
    
    • Quark Framework (CAL), a Haskell-inspired functional language
    
    


19. 
    ^ "The Eta Programming Language". Retrieved 10 May 2017.
    


20. 
    ^ "Fantom Programming Language". Fantom. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
    


21. 
    ^ "Frege". Retrieved 1 March 2014.
    


22. 
    ^ "Oracle.com - Golo – A Lightweight Dynamic Language for the JVM". Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.]
    


23. 
    ^ "Golo nominated for JAX Awards 2014". Retrieved 2 July 2015.]
    


24. 
    ^ "Golo entry at JAX Awards 2014". Retrieved 2 July 2015.]
    


25. 
    ^ "The Mirah Programming Language". GitHub. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
    


26. 
    ^ "Mirah". Retrieved 1 March 2014.
    

v t e Java
Platforms	Java language JVM Micro Edition Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Java Card Android SDK
Oracle technologies	Squawk Java Development Kit OpenJDK Java virtual machine JavaFX Maxine VM
Platform technologies	Applets Servlets MIDlets JSP JSF Web Start (JNLP)
Major third-party technologies	Blackdown Eclipse GNU Classpath GWT Harmony Hibernate IcedTea Jazelle Spring Struts TopLink WildFly
History	Java version history Java Community Process Sun Microsystems Free Java implementations
Major JVM languages	BeanShell Clojure Groovy Oxygene JRuby Jython Kotlin Processing Rhino Scala Tcl/Java
Community	Conferences JavaOne Devoxx Developers Apache Software Foundation Java Community Process Oracle Corporation Sun Microsystems, Sun Microsystems Laboratories People James Gosling Arthur van Hoff Urs Hölzle Patrick Naughton
Category   Portal

This page is only for reference, If you need detailed information, please check here