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Hammaguir
Hammaguir | |
|---|---|
Village and air base | |
  Hammaguir | |
| Coordinates: 30°54′N 3°2′W / 30.900°N 3.033°W / 30.900; -3.033Coordinates: 30°54′N 3°2′W / 30.900°N 3.033°W / 30.900; -3.033 | |
| Country |  Algeria |
| Province | Béchar Province |
| District | Abadla District |
| Elevation | 744 m (2,441 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
Hammaguir (also written Hamaguir and Hammaguira) (Arabic: حماقير) is a village in Abadla District, Béchar Province, Algeria, south-west of Béchar. It lies on the N50 national highway between Béchar and Tindouf. The location is notable for its role in French rocketry.[1]
Hamaguir Airport is located there.[2]
Contents
1 Role in French rocketry and spaceflight
1.1 Launches
2 Climate
3 References
Role in French rocketry and spaceflight
Between 1947 and 1967 there was a rocket launch site, the Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Centre (abbreviated CIEES in French), near Hammaguir, used by France for launching sounding rockets and the satellite carrier "Diamant" between 1965 and 1967. The Diamant launch pad at Hammaguir is located at 30° 46′ 41″ N, 3° 3′ 14″ W. The CIEES facility was also used for testing surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.[3]
The first French satellite Astérix was launched from there in 1965.[3]
In honor of its role in the early development of French spaceflight, its name was given to a Martian crater in 1979[4] and to an asteroid crater in 2009.[5]
Launches
| Date of launch | Satellite | Payload mass | Support rocket | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 November 1965 | Astérix-1 | 40 kg | Diamant | [1] |
| 8 February 1967 | Diadéme-1 | 22.7 kg | Diamant | [1] |
| 15 February 1967 | Diadéme-2 | 22.7 kg | Diamant | [1] |
Climate
Hammaguir has a hot desert climate, with extremely hot summers and cool winters, and very little precipitation throughout the year.
| Climate data for Hammaguir | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 38.0 (100.4) | 42.6 (108.7) | 41.2 (106.2) | 35.3 (95.5) | 28.8 (83.8) | 21.6 (70.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 29.0 (84.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.2 (61.2) | 20.6 (69.1) | 25.3 (77.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 34.3 (93.7) | 33.3 (91.9) | 27.9 (82.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 21.5 (70.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.4 (77.7) | 20.6 (69.1) | 14.6 (58.3) | 8.5 (47.3) | 3.8 (38.8) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 9 (0.4) | 11 (0.4) | 6 (0.2) | 68 (2.7) |
| Source: climate-data.org[6] | |||||||||||||
References
^ abcd Wade, Mark. "Hammaguira". Astronautix..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Hamaguir Airport". OurAirports. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
^ ab "Le CIEES (Centre Interarmées d'Essais d'Engins Spéciaux)" (in French). Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
^ "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Hamaguir on Mars". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). November 17, 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
^ "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Hammaguira on Itokawa". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). June 15, 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
^ "Climate data for: Hamaguir". climate-data.org. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Neighbouring towns and cities
Places adjacent to Hammaguir | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||
| Béchar Province | ||
|---|---|---|
Capital: Béchar | ||
| Béchar District |
|  |
| Abadla District |
| |
| Béni Abbès District |
| |
| Béni Ounif District |
| |
| El Ouata District |
| |
| Igli District |
| |
| Kénadsa District |
| |
| Kerzaz District |
| |
| Lahmar District |
| |
| Ouled Khodeïr District |
| |
| Tabelbala District |
| |
| Taghit District |
| |
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