Francis Greenway

Francis Howard Greenway
Francis Howard Greenway, 1814-1837, unknown artist, pencil ML 482
Born	(1777-11-20)20 November 1777 Mangotsfield, Bristol In England
Died	(1837-09-00)September 1837 (aged 59) near Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Cause of death	Typhoid fever
Resting place	Glebe burial ground, East Maitland, New South Wales[1] 32°45′33.2″S 151°34′30.6″E / 32.759222°S 151.575167°E / -32.759222; 151.575167Coordinates: 32°45′33.2″S 151°34′30.6″E / 32.759222°S 151.575167°E / -32.759222; 151.575167
Monuments	Francis Greenway High School, Beresfield
Residence	New South Wales, Australia
Nationality	English
Occupation	Architect
Known for	Early colonial Australian architecture
Notable work	List of works
Criminal charge	Forgery
Criminal penalty	14 years transportation to Australia
Criminal status	Discharged
Children	six (names unknown)
Parent(s)	Francis Greenway Ann Greenway

Francis Howard Greenway (20 November 1777 – September 1837) was an English-born architect who was transported to Australia as a convict for the crime of forgery. In New South Wales he worked for the Governor, Lachlan Macquarie, as Australia's first government architect. He became widely known and admired for his work displayed in buildings such as St Matthew's Church in Windsor, New South Wales, St James' Church, Sydney and Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney.^[2]

Contents

• 
  1 Life and career
  


• 
  2 Posthumous tributes
  


• 
  3 Selected list of works
  


• 
  4 See also
  


• 
  5 References
  
  
  
  • 
    5.1 Citations
    
  
  
  • 
    5.2 Sources
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  6 External links
  

Life and career

Greenway was born in Mangotsfield, Gloucestershire (near the English city of Bristol), the son of Francis Greenway and Ann Webb.^[3] Greenway became an architect "of some eminence" in Bristol and Bath. His only remaining building in the United Kingdom is the Clifton Club in Bristol, originally the Clifton Hotel and Assembly Rooms. He also designed Christ Church Downend near Mangotsfield (see Gomme an Architectural history of Bristol and church website). In 1809 he became bankrupt and in 1812 he pleaded guilty "under the advice of his friends", to forging a financial document and was sentenced to death; this sentence was later commuted to 14 years' transportation. Why he pleaded guilty is unknown; he may have been told it was the only way to save his life. Whilst awaiting deportation to Sydney, Greenway spent time in Newgate Prison, Bristol where he completed paintings depicting scenes within the prison.^[4]

Painting by Greenway of a mock trial in Newgate Prison, Bristol, 1812, held at the State Library of New South Wales

Greenway arrived in Sydney, New South Wales on the transport General Hewitt in February 1814 to serve his sentence. On board the ship was the surgeon Dr. John Harris who was to give Greenway his first private commission in the colony which involved extending his residence on his Ultimo estate.^[2] Greenway first met Lachlan Macquarie in July 1814 to whom he had come recommended by Admiral Arthur Phillip.^[5] During the initial meeting Macquarie sought to test Greenway by asking him to copy a design of a town hall and courthouse from a pattern book.^[6] Greenway was so offended by this that he responded with a letter declaring his skills and quoting Sir William Chambers that his Excellency should utilise the opportunity for a classical design.^[7]

He said he would;

"... immediately copy the drawing Your Excellency requested me to do, notwithstanding it is rather painful to my mind as a professional man to copy a building that has no claim to classical proportion and character" - Francis Greenway

Between 1816 and 1818, while still a convict, Greenway was responsible for the design and construction of the Macquarie Lighthouse on the South Head at the entrance to Port Jackson.^[3] After the success of this project he was emancipated by the governor Lachlan Macquarie, and in the role of Acting Civil Architect and Assistant Engineer responsible to Captain J. M. Gill, Inspector of Public Works, went on to build many significant buildings in the new colony.

Greenway's works include Hyde Park Barracks, extensions to First Government House, the stables for a projected new Government House (condemned for their "useless magnificence" by a visiting British official, the building is now home to the Sydney Conservatorium of Music)^[8], and St James' Church, Sydney, which was chosen as one of Australia's only two man-made 'treasures' by Dan Cruickshank in the BBC series Around the World in 80 Treasures.^[9]

Greenway fell into disrepute when Macquarie accused him of charging high fees whilst on a government retainer, and he was dismissed by the next governor, Thomas Brisbane, in 1822.^[3] He continued to follow his profession with little success.

In 1835 he was destitute, advertising in the Sydney Gazette that "Francis Howard Greenway, arising from circumstances of a singular nature is induced again to solicit the patronage of his friends and the public".^[10]

Greenway died of typhoid near Newcastle, New South Wales in 1837, aged 59. The exact date of his death is not known. He is believed to have been buried in the Glebe burial ground at East Maitland on 25 September 1837, but his grave is unmarked.^[1]

Posthumous tributes

Francis Greenway on the first Australian 10 dollar note, perhaps the only convicted forger in the world depicted on a banknote.

Greenway's face was shown on the first Australian decimal-currency $10 note (1966–93), making him probably the only convicted forger in the world to be honoured on a banknote.

Greenway is the eponym of a NSW Federal electorate, a suburb of Canberra, and a high school in Beresfield, a suburb of Maitland.

Francis Greenway Drive in the suburb of Cherrybrook is named in honour of Francis Greenway.

The Vaucluse home of the renowned Australian architect Leslie Wilkinson (1882–1973) was named "Greenway" in honour of Francis Greenway.

Selected list of works

The following works were either designed by Greenway, or where he had significant influence:^[11]

Structure name	Location	Period	Architectural style	Contribution	Heritage status	Image	Notes
Cadmans Cottage	The Rocks	1815-1816		Supervised construction			[12]:p.16
Cleveland House	Surry Hills			Contribution uncertain
Clifton Hotel and Assembly Rooms building				Supervised construction
First Government House, Sydney	Bridge Street, Sydney	1810-1820	Italianate	Extensions	National Heritage List New South Wales State Heritage Register (Former) Register of the National Estate		[13][14]
Hobartville	Richmond			Contribution uncertain
Hyde Park Barracks	Macquarie Street, Sydney	1818-1819		Architect	UNESCO World Heritage List National Heritage List New South Wales State Heritage Register (Former) Register of the National Estate		[15][16][17]
Judge's House	Sydney			Also attributed to W. Harper			[12]:p.67
Liverpool Technical College (formerly Liverpool Hospital)	Liverpool
Macquarie Lighthouse	Watsons Bay	1816-1818		Architect	(Former) Register of the National Estate
Obelisk	Macquarie Place	1818		Architect			[18]
Old Government House	Parramatta			Timber portico only	UNESCO World Heritage List National Heritage List New South Wales State Heritage Register (Former) Register of the National Estate		[19][20][21][22]
St James' Church	Queen's Square Phillip Street, Sydney	1820-1824		Architect	New South Wales State Heritage Register		[23]
St Luke's Anglican Church	Liverpool	1818-1820		Architect	New South Wales State Heritage Register		[24]
St Matthew's Church	Windsor			Architect
Supreme Court of New South Wales	Cnr King and Elizabeth Streets, Sydney	1820–1828	Old Colonial Georgian (Greenway designs) Victorian Italianate (Barnet additions)	Architect (dismissed before completion)	New South Wales State Heritage Register		[25]
Sydney Conservatorium of Music	Macquarie Street, Sydney			Architect	New South Wales State Heritage Register		[26][27]
Windsor Court House	Windsor			Architect

See also

• List of convicts transported to Australia


• History of Sydney

References

Citations

1. 
   ^ ^ab James, Clare (25 March 2008). "Francis Greenway Memorial". Maitland City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ ^ab Broadbent, James; Hughes, Joy (1997). Francis Greenway Architect. Glebe, N.S.W.: Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales.
   


3. 
   ^ ^abc Morton Herman, 'Greenway, Francis (1777–1837)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, MUP, 1966, pp 470–473. Retrieved 27 December 2008
   


4. 
   ^ "Inside Newgate Prison". Discover Collections. State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
   


5. 
   ^ "Francis Greenway". Historic Houses Trust of NSW. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
   


6. 
   ^ Dupain, Max; J M Freeland (1980). Francis Greenway : a celebration. North Ryde, N.S.W.: Mead & Beckett. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-7269-2215-3.
   


7. 
   ^ Howard Tanner, ed. (1981). Architects of Australia (1st ed.). Sth Melbourne: MacMillan. pp. 10–18. ISBN 0-333-29929-9.
   


8. 
   ^ http://music.sydney.edu.au/about/history/
   


9. 
   ^ "Around the World in 80 Treasures (TV Series) Australia to Cambodia". IMDB. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
   


10. 
    ^ "Advertisement - Francis Howard Greenway". The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. 20 January 1835. p. 3.
    


11. 
    ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981
    


12. 
    ^ ^ab Haskell, John (1997). Sydney Architecture. UNSW Press.
    


13. 
    ^ "First Government House Site". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
    


14. 
    ^ "First Government House Site (Place ID 105761)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
    


15. 
    ^ "Heritage Council of NSW". Office of Environmental and Heritage. NSW Government. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
    


16. 
    ^ "Australian Convict Sites". World Heritage Convention. United Nations. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
    


17. 
    ^ "Australian Convict Sites". Department of the Environment. Australian Government. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
    


18. 
    ^ "Macquarie Place Including Road and Park Reserve, Obelisk, Canon, Anchor". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage.
    


19. 
    ^ "Old Government House". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    


20. 
    ^ "Parramatta Park and Old Government House". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    


21. 
    ^ "Old Government House and the Government Domain, O'Connell St, Parramatta, NSW, Australia (Place ID 105957)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. 1 August 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    


22. 
    ^ "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre website. United Nations. 31 July 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
    


23. 
    ^ "St. James' Anglican Church". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
    


24. 
    ^ "St. Luke's Anglican Church". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
    


25. 
    ^ "Sydney Supreme Court House (Old Court House)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H00800. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
    


26. 
    ^ "Conservatorium of Music". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
    


27. 
    ^ "Conservatorium of Music Including Interior and Grounds". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
    

Sources

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

• 
  Serle, Percival (1949). "Greenway, Francis". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
  


• Dictionary of Australian Artists Online


• Francis Greenway Drive

External links

• 
  Media related to Francis Greenway at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Convicts in Australia
Australia Day Emancipation Female factories Freedom History of Australia (1788–1850) New Holland Women
Penal colonies	Cockatoo Island Rosehill Sydney Cove Moreton Bay Redcliffe Maria Island Port Arthur Richmond Risdon Cove Macquarie Harbour (History) Norfolk Island (History) Saltwater River Sullivans Cove
Events	First Fleet (List) Second Fleet Third Fleet Castle Hill Rebellion Cyprus mutiny Bathurst rebellion Catalpa rescue Rum Rebellion Norfolk Island mutinies (Cooking Pot Uprising) Frederick escape Anti-Transportation League
Governors and commandants	Arthur Bligh Bourke Brisbane Collins Darling Davey Denison Eardley-Wilmot Franklin Gipps Hunter Johnston King Logan Macquarie Paterson Phillip Sorell
Notable convicts and personnel	Surgeons William Bland Arthur Bowes Smyth William Redfern D'Arcy Wentworth Entrepreneurs Enoch Barratt Daniel Connor Daniel Cooper John Davies William Field William Hutchinson Mary Hyde Henry Kable Solomon Levey Simeon Lord Mary Reibey Robert Sidaway James Squire John Tawell Samuel Terry Architects James Blackburn Francis Greenway Bushrangers and escapees Charlotte Badger Matthew Brady Mary Bryant William Bryant William Buckley Moondyne Joe John Caesar Martin Cash William Chopin Michael Howe Lawrence Kavenagh John Mitchel Thomas Muir John Boyle O'Reilly Alexander Pearce William Westwood Artists Joseph Backler Thomas Bock Richard Browne Knud Bull John Eyre William Buelow Gould Joseph Lycett Charles Rodius Thomas Griffiths Wainewright Thomas Watling James Walsh Politicians William Cuffay William Henry Groom Kevin Izod O'Doherty Chroniclers Denis Cashman Margaret Catchpole Frank the Poet Henry Savery James Hardy Vaux John Acton Wroth Explorers John Baxter James Meehan Joseph Wild Other convicts Esther Abrahams John Baughan James Bloodsworth Billy Blue John Cadman Elizabeth Callaghan Margaret Dawson Laurence Hynes Halloran Mark Jeffrey Jørgen Jørgensen William Smith O'Brien Robert Palin Isaac Nichols Joseph Potaski James Ruse Elizabeth Thackery Mary Wade
Popular culture	Music "Botany Bay" "Moreton Bay" "Jim Jones at Botany Bay" "Van Diemen's Land" Film For the Term of His Natural Life (1908) The Assigned Servant (1911) It Is Never Too Late to Mend (1911) The Lady Outlaw (1911) The Life of Rufus Dawes (1911) The Mark of the Lash (1911) One Hundred Years Ago (1911) The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole (1911) Sentenced for Life (1911) Moondyne (1913) Transported (1913) The Tenth Straw (1926) For the Term of His Natural Life (1927) To New Shores (1937) Red Sky at Morning (1944) Under Capricorn (1949) Botany Bay (1953) Adam's Woman (1970) Journey Among Women (1977) The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant (2005) The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce (2008) Van Diemen's Land (2009) The Nightingale (2017) Television Against the Wind (1978) For the Term of His Natural Life (1983) Banished (2015) The Secret River (2015) Literature Journals of the First Fleet It's Never Too Late to Mend (1856) Great Expectations (1861) For the Term of His Natural Life (1872) Moondyne (1879) Bring Larks and Heroes (1967) A Fringe of Leaves (1973) The Playmaker (1987) Remembering Babylon (1993) The Potato Factory (1995) Jack Maggs (1997) Gould's Book of Fish (2001) The Secret River (2005) The Lieutenant (2008) Parrot and Olivier in America (2010) Stage The Transports (1977) Our Country's Good (1988) Art Charlotte Medal Port Jackson Painter Sydney punchbowls Twenty Dollar Note
Australian Convict Sites	Brickendon Estate Cadmans Cottage Cascades Female Factory Coal Mines Darlington Probation Station Elizabeth Farm Experiment Farm Cottage Great North Road Hyde Park Barracks Kingston and Arthurs Vale Lennox Bridge Old Government House Parramatta Female Factory Port Arthur Richmond Bridge Richmond Gaol Ross Female Factory Vaucluse House Woolmers Estate

v t e Significant places and items of interest in the Hunter Region of New South Wales
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Education Primary Avondale School Hunter Valley Grammar School Kahibah Public School Newcastle Grammar School Secondary All Saints College, St Joseph's Campus Avondale School Callaghan College Waratah Technology Campus Hunter School of the Performing Arts Hunter Valley Grammar School Irrawang High School Lambton High School Maitland Grossmann High School Maitland High School Merewether High School Newcastle Grammar School Newcastle High School Rutherford Technology High School Tomaree High School Tertiary Avondale College Hunter TAFE University of Newcastle
Entertainment, sport and culture Broadmeadow Basketball Stadium Dungog Film Festival Hunter Valley Steamfest Newcastle Civic Theatre Newcastle Entertainment Centre Newcastle International Sports Centre Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground Newcastle Regional Show Newcastle Street Circuit Newcastle 500 Surfest
Geography General Broughton Island Burning Mountain Cape Hawke Glenrock Lagoon Lake Chichester Lake Macquarie Myall Lakes Mount Royal Range Mount Sugarloaf Port Stephens Stockton Beach Tops to Myall Heritage Trail National parks and nature reserves Barrington Tops Black Bulga State Conservation Area Booti Booti Ghin-Doo-Ee Mount Royal Myall Lakes Tomaree Towarri Wallingat Watagans Werakata The Glen Rivers Allyn Avon Barrington Bow Bylong Chichester Gloucester Goulburn Hunter Karuah Manning Myall Pages Paterson Wangat Williams Worondi Rivulet
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Authority control	GND: 1069678376 ISNI: 0000 0000 6704 7672 LCCN: n81094936 SNAC: w69w1q7s SUDOC: 113579969 ULAN: 500085992 VIAF: 23466675 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 23466675

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