Academy Award for Best Actor

































Academy Award for Best Actor

Photo of the 2019 recipient of the Best Actor award: Rami Malek
The 2019 recipient: Rami Malek

Awarded for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role
Country United States
Presented by
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
First awarded
1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927/1928 film season)
Currently held by
Rami Malek
Bohemian Rhapsody (2018)
Website oscars.org

The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The award was traditionally presented by the previous year's Best Actress winner.


The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh.[1] Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[2]


In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award.[3] However, during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930, only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots.[4] The following year, this system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film.[3] Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year.[3]


Since its inception, the award has been given to 80 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars. Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2019 ceremony, Rami Malek is the most recent winner in this category for portraying Freddie Mercury in Bohemian Rhapsody.




Contents






  • 1 Winners and nominees


  • 2 Multiple wins and nominations


  • 3 Age superlatives


  • 4 See also


  • 5 Notes


  • 6 References


  • 7 Bibliography


  • 8 External links





Winners and nominees


In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[5] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[6] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[6] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[6]






















Table key
Award winner Indicates the winner
§
Indicates winner who refused the award
^
Indicates posthumous winner
*
Indicates posthumous nominee


Black and white portrait of Emil Jannings—a corpulent white man of middle-age with short hair brushed to one side, wearing a sophisticated suit in 1926.


Emil Jannings was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's The Last Command and 1927's The Way of All Flesh.



Black-and-white photo of Fredric March in 1940—a middle-aged white man with straight hair, a furrowed brow, and a broad forehead, wearing a suit.


Fredric March won twice for his roles in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).



Black and white promo photo of Clark Gable in 1940—a middle-aged white man with mustache and straight gray hair combed to the side, wearing a suit and smiling.


Clark Gable won in 1934 for his performance in It Happened One Night.



Black and whiteublicity photo of Paul Muni for film Life of Emile Zola (1936)


Paul Muni won for his role as Louis Pasteur in The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936), becoming the first Jewish actor to win the award.



Black and white publicity photo of Spencer Tracy—a middle-aged white man with short curly hairstyle combed to the side and a square face, wearing a suit, in 1935.


Spencer Tracy was the first actor to win this category two consecutive years, having won in both 1937 and 1938 for his roles in Captains Courageous and Boys Town including seven other nominations.



Black and white photo of James Stewart in 1948—an elegant white man with arched eyebrows and short, smooth hair combed to the side, around 40 years old.


James Stewart won for his role in The Philadelphia Story (1940).



Black and white photo of Gary Cooper in 1936—a handsome white man, light-eyed with hair combed back, wearing a light-colored suit and around 30 years of age.


Gary Cooper won twice for his roles in Sergeant York (1941) and High Noon (1952).



Black-and-white photo of James Cagney in 1930—a white man with serious features and an arched eyebrow, dark eyes and hair combed back, wearing a suit and around 30 years of age.


James Cagney won for playing as George M. Cohan in Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942).



Black and white photo of Bing Crosby in 1942—a white man with light eyes wearing a light hat with a cigar in his mouth.


Bing Crosby won in 1944 for his performance in Going My Way.



Black and white portrait of Laurence Olivier in 1939—a handsome white man with a square face with dark eyes and dark hair, with a split chin and white smile, wearing a suit, around 30 years of age.


Laurence Olivier won in 1948 for his role as the title character in Hamlet, a film which he himself directed.[7]



Black-and-white photo of Humphrey Bogart in 1940—a charming white man with dark eyes and a square face, wearing a dark hat and a light-colored overcoat, around 35 years of age.


Humphrey Bogart won for his performance in The African Queen (1951).



William Holden in a publicity photo in 1954—a white man with light hair and small eyes, with a faint smile, wearing a suit, around 40 years of age.


William Holden won for his performance in Stalag 17 (1953).



Black-and-white photo of Marlon Brando in 1953—a strong, handsome white man with dark eyes and dark hair, thick lips, square face and broad shoulders, wearing a light-colored shirt, around 28 years of age.


Marlon Brando won twice from seven nominations for his roles in 1954's On the Waterfront and 1972's The Godfather.



Burt Lancaster in 1947s Desert Fury—a handsome white man with light eyes and wavy light-colored hair, oval face, wearing a light-colored shirt, around 34 years of age.


Burt Lancaster won for his role in Elmer Gantry (1960).



Black and white publicity photo of Gregory Peck in 1948—a white man with dark eyes and straight hair, smiling and wearing a suit, around 40 years of age.


Gregory Peck won in 1962 for his performance in To Kill a Mockingbird.



Black and white photo of Sidney Poitier in 1963—a black man about 33 years of age wearing a suit.


Sidney Poitier won in 1963 for his performance in Lilies of the Field, thus becoming the first black actor to win in this category.[8]



Black and white photo of John Wayne in 1940—a white man with a broad forehead, dark straight hair and dark eyes, wearing an elegant suit, around 34 years of age.


John Wayne won for his role in 1969's True Grit.



Photo of Jack Nicholson—a white man of 65 years, with gray hair and beard, wearing a black suit with a black ballot tie and wearing sunglasses with orange lenses—attending the Cannes Film Festival in 2002.


Jack Nicholson won twice from eight nominations for his performances in 1975's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and 1997's As Good as It Gets.



Photo of Dustin Hoffman—a 74-year-old white man with gray hair, small eyes and a big nose, wearing a black blazer over a light blue casual shirt—attending the French premiere of his film, Quartet, in 2013.


Dustin Hoffman won twice from seven nominations for his performances in Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) and Rain Man (1988).



Photo of Robert De Niro—a white man of 70 years with white hair, wide nose, square face and small eyes, wearing a dark blue shirt—at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.


Robert De Niro won once from five nominations for his role as Jake LaMotta in 1980's Raging Bull.



Black-and-white photo of Henry Fonda—a white man in his 40s, wearing Navy uniform, has dark eyes and hair and is smiling.


Henry Fonda won for his performance in On Golden Pond (1981).



Photo of Ben Kingsley—a bald man with tan skin, of Indian ethnicity, with brown eyes, gray goatee and big nose, around 69 years of age—at the Sundance UK Film Festival in 2012.


Ben Kingsley won for his portrayal of the title role in Gandhi (1982).



Black-and-white photo of Paul Newman in 1958—a 33-year-old man with light eyes, broad shoulders, smooth dark hair brushed to the side and a thin nose, wearing a long light-colored shirt.


Paul Newman won for his performance in 1986's The Color of Money.



Photo of Daniel Day-Lewis at the 2013 Jaguar Mille Miglia event.


Daniel Day-Lewis is the first and only actor to win this award three times, in 1989, 2007, and 2012, for his performances in My Left Foot, There Will Be Blood and Lincoln, respectively.



Photo of Sir Anthony Hopkins at the 2009 Tuscan Sun Festival in Cortona, Italy.


Anthony Hopkins won once from three nominations for his role as Dr. Hannibal Lecter in 1991's The Silence of the Lambs.



Photo of Al Pacino attending the Venice Film Festival in 2004.


Al Pacino won once from five nominations for his performance in 1992's Scent of a Woman.



Photo of Tom Hanks standing behind a podium at the Lincoln Memorial in 2009.


Tom Hanks won two consecutive awards in 1993 and 1994 for his roles in Philadelphia and Forrest Gump including three other nominations.



Phhoto of Geoffrey Rush in 2017.


Geoffrey Rush won for his role as David Helfgott in 1996's Shine.



Photo of Roberto Benigni in 2006.

By virtue of his win in 1998 for Life Is Beautiful, Roberto Benigni became the second actor to win for a role in a film he directed himself.[7]



Photo of Crowe at the London film premiere for State of Play, 21 April 2009.


Russell Crowe won for Gladiator (2000).



Photo of Denzel Washington after a performance of Julius Caesar in May 2005.


Denzel Washington won for his role in 2001's Training Day.



Photo of Adrien Brody attending the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.

At age 29, Adrien Brody became the youngest winner for Best Actor for his performance in 2002's The Pianist.



Photo of Sean Penn attending the 81st Academy Awards in 2009.


Sean Penn won twice from five nominations for his roles in 2003's Mystic River and 2008's Milk.



Photo of Hoffman at Cannes in 2002 promoting Punch-Drunk Love


Philip Seymour Hoffman won for his portrayal of Truman Capote in Capote (2005).



Photo of Forest Whitaker at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.


Forest Whitaker won for his performance as Idi Amin in the 2006 film, The Last King of Scotland.



Photo of Jeff Bridges attending the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International.


Jeff Bridges won for his performance in 2009's Crazy Heart.



Photo of Colin Firth at the San Diego Comic-Con International in 2017.


Colin Firth won for his portrayal of King George VI in 2010s The King's Speech.



Photo of Jean Dujardin attending the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.


Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win this award for his performance in the 2011 film The Artist.[9]



Photo of Matthew McConaughey at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival premiere.


Matthew McConaughey won for his role as Ron Woodroof in Dallas Buyers Club (2013).



Photo of Eddie Redmayne in 2014.


Eddie Redmayne won for his role as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything (2014).



Leonardo DiCaprio


Leonardo DiCaprio won for his role as Hugh Glass in The Revenant (2015).



Casey Affleck


Casey Affleck won for his role in Manchester by the Sea (2016).



Gary Oldman


Gary Oldman won for his portrayal of Winston Churchill in Darkest Hour (2017).






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Year
Actor
Role(s)
Film

Ref.

1927/28
(1st)

Emil Jannings Award winner[A]

Grand Duke Sergius Alexander
August Schilling


The Last Command
The Way of All Flesh

[10]

Richard Barthelmess

Nickie Elkins
Patent Leather Kid

The Noose
The Patent Leather Kid

1928/29
(2nd)
[note 1]

Warner Baxter Award winner

The Cisco Kid

In Old Arizona
[11]

George Bancroft

Thunderbolt Jim Lang

Thunderbolt

Chester Morris

Chick Williams (No. 1065)

Alibi

Paul Muni

James Dyke

The Valiant

Lewis Stone

Count Pahlen

The Patriot

1929/30
(3rd)

George Arliss Award winner[B]

Benjamin Disraeli

Disraeli
[12]

George Arliss[B]

The Raja

The Green Goddess

Wallace Beery

Butch "Machine Gun" Schmidt

The Big House

Maurice Chevalier [B]

Pierre Mirande
Count Alfred Renard

The Big Pond
The Love Parade

Ronald Colman [B]

Capt. Hugh "Bulldog" Drummond
Michel

Bulldog Drummond
Condemned

Lawrence Tibbett

Yegor

The Rogue Song

1930/31
(4th)

Lionel Barrymore Award winner

Stephen Ashe

A Free Soul
[13]

Jackie Cooper

Skippy Skinner

Skippy

Richard Dix

Yancey Cravat

Cimarron

Fredric March

Tony Cavendish

The Royal Family of Broadway

Adolphe Menjou

Walter Burns

The Front Page

1931/32
(5th)

Wallace Beery Award winner(TIE) [C]

Andy Purcell – The Champ

The Champ
[14]

Fredric March Award winner(TIE) [C]

Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Alfred Lunt

The Actor

The Guardsman

1932/33
(6th)

Charles Laughton Award winner

King Henry VIII of England

The Private Life of Henry VIII
[15]

Leslie Howard

Peter Standish

Berkeley Square

Paul Muni

James Allen

I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang

1934
(7th)

Clark Gable Award winner

Peter Warne

It Happened One Night
[16]

Frank Morgan

Alessandro – Duke of Florence

The Affairs of Cellini

William Powell

Nick Charles

The Thin Man

1935
(8th)

Victor McLaglen Award winner

Gypo Nolan

The Informer
[17]

Clark Gable

Lieutenant Fletcher Christian

Mutiny on the Bounty

Charles Laughton

Captain William Bligh

Paul Muni [D]

Joe Radek

Black Fury

Franchot Tone

Midshipman Roger Byam

Mutiny on the Bounty

1936
(9th)

Paul Muni Award winner

Louis Pasteur

The Story of Louis Pasteur
[18]

Gary Cooper

Longfellow Deeds

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

Walter Huston

Sam Dodsworth

Dodsworth

William Powell

Godfrey Park

My Man Godfrey

Spencer Tracy

Father Tim Mullin

San Francisco

1937
(10th)

Spencer Tracy Award winner

Manuel Fidello

Captains Courageous
[19]

Charles Boyer

Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

Conquest

Fredric March

Norman Maine

A Star Is Born

Robert Montgomery
Danny

Night Must Fall

Paul Muni

Émile Zola

The Life of Emile Zola

1938
(11th)

Spencer Tracy Award winner

Father Flanagan

Boys Town
[20]

Charles Boyer
Pepe le Moko

Algiers

James Cagney

Rocky Sullivan

Angels with Dirty Faces

Robert Donat

Dr. Andrew Manson

The Citadel

Leslie Howard

Professor Henry Higgins

Pygmalion

1939
(12th)

Robert Donat Award winner

Charles Edward Chipping

Goodbye, Mr. Chips
[21]

Clark Gable

Rhett Butler

Gone with the Wind

Laurence Olivier

Heathcliff

Wuthering Heights

Mickey Rooney

Mickey Moran

Babes in Arms

James Stewart

Jefferson Smith

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

1940
(13th)

James Stewart Award winner

Macaulay "Mike" Connor

The Philadelphia Story
[22]

Charlie Chaplin

Adenoid Hynkel / The Barber

The Great Dictator

Henry Fonda

Tom Joad

The Grapes of Wrath

Raymond Massey

Abraham Lincoln

Abe Lincoln in Illinois

Laurence Olivier

Maximilian "Maxim" de Winter

Rebecca

1941
(14th)

Gary Cooper Award winner

Sgt. Alvin York

Sergeant York
[23]

Cary Grant

Roger Adams

Penny Serenade

Walter Huston

Mr. Scratch

The Devil and Daniel Webster

Robert Montgomery

Joe Pendleton

Here Comes Mr. Jordan

Orson Welles

Charles Foster Kane

Citizen Kane

1942
(15th)

James Cagney Award winner

George M. Cohan

Yankee Doodle Dandy
[24]

Ronald Colman

Charles Rainier

Random Harvest

Gary Cooper

Lou Gehrig

The Pride of the Yankees

Walter Pidgeon

Clem Miniver

Mrs. Miniver

Monty Woolley
Howard

The Pied Piper

1943
(16th)

Paul Lukas Award winner

Kurt Muller

Watch on the Rhine
[25]

Humphrey Bogart

Rick Blaine

Casablanca

Gary Cooper

Robert Jordan

For Whom the Bell Tolls

Walter Pidgeon

Pierre Curie

Madame Curie

Mickey Rooney

Homer Macauley

The Human Comedy

1944
(17th)

Bing Crosby Award winner

Father Chuck O'Malley

Going My Way
[26]

Charles Boyer

Gregory Anton

Gaslight

Barry Fitzgerald

Father Fitzgibbon

Going My Way

Cary Grant

Ernie Mott

None but the Lonely Heart

Alexander Knox

Woodrow Wilson

Wilson

1945
(18th)

Ray Milland Award winner

Don Birnam

The Lost Weekend
[27]

Bing Crosby

Father Chuck O'Malley

The Bells of St. Mary's

Gene Kelly

Joseph Brady

Anchors Aweigh

Gregory Peck

Father Francis

The Keys of the Kingdom

Cornel Wilde

Frédéric Chopin

A Song to Remember

1946
(19th)

Fredric March Award winner

Al Stephenson

The Best Years of Our Lives
[28]

Laurence Olivier

King Henry V of England

Henry V

Larry Parks

Al Jolson

The Jolson Story

Gregory Peck

Ezra "Penny" Baxter

The Yearling

James Stewart

George Bailey

It's a Wonderful Life

1947
(20th)

Ronald Colman Award winner

Anthony John

A Double Life
[29]

John Garfield

Charlie Davis

Body and Soul

Gregory Peck

Philip Schuyler Green

Gentleman's Agreement

William Powell

Clarence Day, Sr.

Life with Father

Michael Redgrave

Orin Mannon

Mourning Becomes Electra

1948
(21st)

Laurence Olivier Award winner

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

Hamlet
[30]

Lew Ayres

Dr. Robert Richardson

Johnny Belinda

Montgomery Clift

Ralph "Steve" Stevenson

The Search

Dan Dailey

"Skid" Johnson

When My Baby Smiles at Me

Clifton Webb

Lynn Aloysius Belvedere

Sitting Pretty

1949
(22nd)

Broderick Crawford Award winner

Willie Stark

All the King's Men
[31]

Kirk Douglas

Michael "Midge" Kelly

Champion

Gregory Peck

Brig. General Frank Savage

Twelve O'Clock High

Richard Todd

Cpl. Lachlan "Lachie" MacLachlan

The Hasty Heart

John Wayne

Sergeant John M. Stryker

Sands of Iwo Jima

1950
(23rd)

José Ferrer Award winner

Cyrano de Bergerac

Cyrano de Bergerac
[32]

Louis Calhern

Oliver Wendell Holmes

The Magnificent Yankee

William Holden

Joe Gillis

Sunset Boulevard

James Stewart

Elwood P. Dowd

Harvey

Spencer Tracy

Stanley T. Banks

Father of the Bride

1951
(24th)

Humphrey Bogart Award winner

Charlie Allnut

The African Queen
[33]

Marlon Brando

Stanley Kowalski

A Streetcar Named Desire

Montgomery Clift

George Eastman

A Place in the Sun

Arthur Kennedy

Larry Nevins

Bright Victory

Fredric March

Willy Loman

Death of a Salesman

1952
(25th)

Gary Cooper Award winner

Marshal Will Kane

High Noon
[34]

Marlon Brando

Emiliano Zapata

Viva Zapata!

Kirk Douglas

Jonathan Shields

The Bad and the Beautiful

José Ferrer

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Comte Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec

Moulin Rouge

Alec Guinness

Holland

The Lavender Hill Mob

1953
(26th)

William Holden Award winner

Sgt. J.J. Sefton

Stalag 17
[35]

Marlon Brando

Mark Antony

Julius Caesar

Richard Burton

Marcellus Gallio

The Robe

Montgomery Clift

Pvt. Robert E. Lee "Prew" Prewitt

From Here to Eternity

Burt Lancaster

1st Sgt. Milton Warden

1954
(27th)

Marlon Brando Award winner

Terry Malloy

On the Waterfront
[36]

Humphrey Bogart

Lt. Cmdr. Philip Francis Queeg

The Caine Mutiny

Bing Crosby

Frank Elgin

The Country Girl

James Mason

Norman Maine

A Star Is Born

Dan O'Herlihy

Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe

1955
(28th)

Ernest Borgnine Award winner

Marty Piletti

Marty
[37]

James Cagney

Martin Snyder

Love Me or Leave Me

James Dean *[38]

Cal Trask

East of Eden

Frank Sinatra

Frankie Machine

The Man with the Golden Arm

Spencer Tracy

John J. Macreedy

Bad Day at Black Rock

1956
(29th)

Yul Brynner Award winner

King Mongkut of Siam

The King and I
[39]

James Dean *[38]

Jett Rink

Giant

Kirk Douglas

Vincent van Gogh

Lust for Life

Rock Hudson

Jordan "Bick" Benedict Jr.

Giant

Laurence Olivier

King Richard III of England

Richard III

1957
(30th)

Alec Guinness Award winner

Lt. Colonel L. Nicholson, D.S.O.

The Bridge on the River Kwai
[40]

Marlon Brando

Major Lloyd "Ace" Gruver, USAF

Sayonara

Anthony Franciosa

Polo Pope

A Hatful of Rain

Charles Laughton

Sir Wilfrid Robarts

Witness for the Prosecution

Anthony Quinn
Gino

Wild Is the Wind

1958
(31st)

David Niven Award winner

Major Angus Pollock

Separate Tables
[41]

Tony Curtis

John "Joker" Jackson

The Defiant Ones

Paul Newman

Brick Pollitt

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Sidney Poitier

Noah Cullen

The Defiant Ones

Spencer Tracy

The Old Man

The Old Man and the Sea

1959
(32nd)

Charlton Heston Award winner

Judah Ben-Hur

Ben-Hur
[42]

Laurence Harvey

Joe Lampton

Room at the Top

Jack Lemmon
Jerry / Daphne

Some Like It Hot

Paul Muni

Dr. Sam Abelman

The Last Angry Man

James Stewart

Paul Biegler

Anatomy of a Murder

1960
(33rd)

Burt Lancaster Award winner

Elmer Gantry

Elmer Gantry
[43]

Trevor Howard

Walter Morel

Sons and Lovers

Jack Lemmon

C. C. "Bud" Baxter

The Apartment

Laurence Olivier

Archie Rice

The Entertainer

Spencer Tracy

Henry Drummond

Inherit the Wind

1961
(34th)

Maximilian Schell Award winner

Hans Rolfe

Judgment at Nuremberg
[44]

Charles Boyer
Cesar

Fanny

Paul Newman

Eddie Felson

The Hustler

Spencer Tracy

Chief Judge Dan Haywood

Judgment at Nuremberg

Stuart Whitman

Jim Fuller

The Mark

1962
(35th)

Gregory Peck Award winner

Atticus Finch

To Kill a Mockingbird
[45]

Burt Lancaster

Robert Franklin Stroud

Birdman of Alcatraz

Jack Lemmon

Joe Clay

Days of Wine and Roses

Marcello Mastroianni

Ferdinando Cefalù

Divorce Italian Style

Peter O'Toole

T. E. Lawrence

Lawrence of Arabia

1963
(36th)

Sidney Poitier Award winner

Homer Smith

Lilies of the Field
[46]

Albert Finney

Tom Jones

Tom Jones

Richard Harris

Frank Machin

This Sporting Life

Rex Harrison

Julius Caesar

Cleopatra

Paul Newman

Hud Bannon

Hud

1964
(37th)

Rex Harrison Award winner

Professor Henry Higgins

My Fair Lady
[47]

Richard Burton

Thomas Becket

Becket

Peter O'Toole

King Henry II of England

Anthony Quinn

Alexis Zorba

Zorba the Greek

Peter Sellers

Group Captain Lionel Mandrake
President Merkin Muffley
Dr. Strangelove

Dr. Strangelove

1965
(38th)

Lee Marvin Award winner

Kid Shelleen
Tim Strawn


Cat Ballou
[48]

Richard Burton

Alec Leamas

The Spy Who Came in from the Cold

Laurence Olivier

Othello

Othello

Rod Steiger

Sol Nazerman

The Pawnbroker

Oskar Werner

Willie Schumann

Ship of Fools

1966
(39th)

Paul Scofield Award winner

Sir Thomas More

A Man for All Seasons
[49]

Alan Arkin

Lt. Rozanov

The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming

Richard Burton
George

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

Michael Caine

Alfie Elkins

Alfie

Steve McQueen

Jake Holman

The Sand Pebbles

1967
(40th)

Rod Steiger Award winner

Police Chief Bill Gillespie

In the Heat of the Night
[50]

Warren Beatty

Clyde Barrow

Bonnie and Clyde

Dustin Hoffman

Benjamin Braddock

The Graduate

Paul Newman

Lucas "Cool Hand Luke" Jackson

Cool Hand Luke

Spencer Tracy *[38]

Matt Drayton

Guess Who's Coming to Dinner

1968
(41st)

Cliff Robertson Award winner

Charly Gordon

Charly
[51]

Alan Arkin

John Singer

The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

Alan Bates

Yakov Bok

The Fixer

Ron Moody

Fagin

Oliver!

Peter O'Toole

King Henry II of England

The Lion in Winter

1969
(42nd)

John Wayne Award winner

Reuben "Rooster" Cogburn

True Grit
[52]

Richard Burton

King Henry VIII of England

Anne of the Thousand Days

Dustin Hoffman

Enrico Salvatore "Ratso" "Rico" Rizzo

Midnight Cowboy

Peter O'Toole

Arthur Chipping

Goodbye, Mr. Chips

Jon Voight

Joe Buck

Midnight Cowboy

1970
(43rd)

George C. Scott §[53]

General George S. Patton Jr.

Patton
[54]

Melvyn Douglas

Tom Garrison

I Never Sang for My Father

James Earl Jones

Jack Jefferson

The Great White Hope

Jack Nicholson

Robert Eroica Dupea

Five Easy Pieces

Ryan O'Neal

Oliver Barrett IV

Love Story

1971
(44th)

Gene Hackman Award winner

Detective Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle

The French Connection
[55]

Peter Finch

Dr. Daniel Hirsh

Sunday Bloody Sunday

Walter Matthau

Joseph P. Kotcher

Kotch

George C. Scott

Dr. Herbert Bock

The Hospital

Topol

Tevye

Fiddler on the Roof

1972
(45th)

Marlon Brando §[53]

Vito Corleone

The Godfather
[56]

Michael Caine

Milo Tindle

Sleuth

Laurence Olivier

Andrew Wyke

Peter O'Toole

Jack Gurney, 14th Earl of Gurney

The Ruling Class

Paul Winfield

Nathan Lee Morgan

Sounder

1973
(46th)

Jack Lemmon Award winner

Harry Stoner

Save the Tiger
[57]

Marlon Brando
Paul

Last Tango in Paris

Jack Nicholson
Signalman First Class Billy L. "Badass" Buddusky

The Last Detail

Al Pacino

Frank Serpico

Serpico

Robert Redford

Johnny "Kelly" Hooker

The Sting

1974
(47th)

Art Carney Award winner

Harry Coombes

Harry and Tonto
[58]

Albert Finney

Hercule Poirot

Murder on the Orient Express

Dustin Hoffman

Lenny Bruce

Lenny

Jack Nicholson

J. J. "Jake" Gittes

Chinatown

Al Pacino

Michael Corleone

The Godfather Part II

1975
(48th)

Jack Nicholson Award winner

Randle Patrick "Mac" McMurphy

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
[59]

Walter Matthau

Willy Clark

The Sunshine Boys

Al Pacino

Sonny Wortzik

Dog Day Afternoon

Maximilian Schell

Arthur Goldman

The Man in the Glass Booth

James Whitmore

Harry S. Truman

Give 'em Hell, Harry!

1976
(49th)

Peter Finch ^[38]

Howard Beale

Network
[60]

Robert De Niro

Travis Bickle

Taxi Driver

Giancarlo Giannini

Pasqualino Frafuso

Seven Beauties

William Holden

Max Schumacher

Network

Sylvester Stallone

Rocky Balboa

Rocky

1977
(50th)

Richard Dreyfuss Award winner

Elliot Garfield

The Goodbye Girl
[61]

Woody Allen

Alvy Singer

Annie Hall

Richard Burton

Martin Dysart

Equus

Marcello Mastroianni
Gabriele

A Special Day

John Travolta

Anthony "Tony" Manero

Saturday Night Fever

1978
(51st)

Jon Voight Award winner

Luke Martin

Coming Home
[62]

Warren Beatty

Joe Pendleton

Heaven Can Wait

Gary Busey

Buddy Holly

The Buddy Holly Story

Robert De Niro

Michael Vronsky

The Deer Hunter

Laurence Olivier

Ezra Lieberman

The Boys from Brazil

1979
(52nd)

Dustin Hoffman Award winner

Ted Kramer

Kramer vs. Kramer
[63]

Jack Lemmon

Jack Godell

The China Syndrome

Al Pacino

Arthur Kirkland

...And Justice for All

Roy Scheider

Joe Gideon

All That Jazz

Peter Sellers
Chance the Gardener, aka Chauncey Gardiner

Being There

1980
(53rd)

Robert De Niro Award winner

Jake LaMotta

Raging Bull
[64]

Robert Duvall

Lieutenant Colonel Wilbur "Bull" Meechum

The Great Santini

John Hurt

John Merrick

The Elephant Man

Jack Lemmon

Scottie Templeton

Tribute

Peter O'Toole

Eli Cross

The Stunt Man

1981
(54th)

Henry Fonda Award winner

Norman Thayer Jr.

On Golden Pond
[65]

Warren Beatty

John Silas "Jack" Reed

Reds

Burt Lancaster

Lou Pascal

Atlantic City

Dudley Moore

Arthur Bach

Arthur

Paul Newman

Michael Colin Gallagher

Absence of Malice

1982
(55th)

Ben Kingsley Award winner

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Gandhi
[66]

Dustin Hoffman

Michael Dorsey, aka Dorothy Michaels

Tootsie

Jack Lemmon

Ed Horman

Missing

Paul Newman

Frank Galvin

The Verdict

Peter O'Toole

Alan Swann

My Favorite Year

1983
(56th)

Robert Duvall Award winner

Mac Sledge

Tender Mercies
[67]

Michael Caine

Dr. Frank Bryant

Educating Rita

Tom Conti

Gowan McGland

Reuben, Reuben

Tom Courtenay
Norman

The Dresser

Albert Finney
Sir

1984
(57th)

F. Murray Abraham Award winner

Antonio Salieri

Amadeus
[68]

Jeff Bridges
Starman

Starman

Albert Finney

Geoffrey Firmin

Under the Volcano

Tom Hulce

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Amadeus

Sam Waterston

Sydney Schanberg

The Killing Fields

1985
(58th)

William Hurt Award winner

Luis Molina

Kiss of the Spider Woman
[69]

Harrison Ford

Detective Captain John Book

Witness

James Garner

Murphy Jones

Murphy's Romance

Jack Nicholson

Charley Partanna

Prizzi's Honor

Jon Voight

Oscar "Manny" Manheim

Runaway Train

1986
(59th)

Paul Newman Award winner

Fast Eddie Felson

The Color of Money
[70]

Dexter Gordon

Dale Turner

Round Midnight

Bob Hoskins
George

Mona Lisa

William Hurt

James Leeds

Children of a Lesser God

James Woods

Richard Boyle

Salvador

1987
(60th)

Michael Douglas Award winner

Gordon Gekko

Wall Street
[71]

William Hurt

Tom Grunick

Broadcast News

Marcello Mastroianni
Romano

Dark Eyes

Jack Nicholson

Francis Phelan

Ironweed

Robin Williams

Adrian Cronauer

Good Morning, Vietnam

1988
(61st)

Dustin Hoffman Award winner

Raymond Babbitt

Rain Man
[72]

Gene Hackman

Agent Rupert Anderson

Mississippi Burning

Tom Hanks

Josh Baskin

Big

Edward James Olmos

Jaime Escalante

Stand and Deliver

Max von Sydow
Lassefar

Pelle the Conqueror

1989
(62nd)

Daniel Day-Lewis Award winner

Christy Brown

My Left Foot
[73]

Kenneth Branagh

King Henry V of England

Henry V

Tom Cruise

Ron Kovic

Born on the Fourth of July

Morgan Freeman

Hoke Colburn

Driving Miss Daisy

Robin Williams

John Charles "Keats" Keating

Dead Poets Society

1990
(63rd)

Jeremy Irons Award winner

Claus von Bülow

Reversal of Fortune
[74]

Kevin Costner

Lieutenant John J. Dunbar

Dances with Wolves

Robert De Niro

Leonard Lowe

Awakenings

Gérard Depardieu

Cyrano de Bergerac

Cyrano de Bergerac

Richard Harris

"Bull" McCabe

The Field

1991
(64th)

Anthony Hopkins Award winner

Dr. Hannibal Lecter

The Silence of the Lambs
[75]

Warren Beatty

Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel

Bugsy

Robert De Niro

Maximilian "Max" Cady

Cape Fear

Nick Nolte

Tom Wingo

The Prince of Tides

Robin Williams

Henry "Parry" Sagan

The Fisher King

1992
(65th)

Al Pacino Award winner

Lieutenant Colonel Frank Slade

Scent of a Woman
[76]

Robert Downey Jr.

Charlie Chaplin

Chaplin

Clint Eastwood

William "Will" Munny

Unforgiven

Stephen Rea
Fergus

The Crying Game

Denzel Washington

Malcolm X

Malcolm X

1993
(66th)

Tom Hanks Award winner

Andrew Beckett

Philadelphia
[77]

Daniel Day-Lewis

Gerry Conlon

In the Name of the Father

Laurence Fishburne

Ike Turner

What's Love Got to Do with It

Anthony Hopkins

James Stevens

The Remains of the Day

Liam Neeson

Oskar Schindler

Schindler's List

1994
(67th)

Tom Hanks Award winner

Forrest Gump

Forrest Gump
[78]

Morgan Freeman

Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding

The Shawshank Redemption

Nigel Hawthorne

King George III

The Madness of King George

Paul Newman

Donald "Sully" Sullivan

Nobody's Fool

John Travolta

Vincent Vega

Pulp Fiction

1995
(68th)

Nicolas Cage Award winner

Ben Sanderson

Leaving Las Vegas
[79]

Richard Dreyfuss

Glenn Holland

Mr. Holland's Opus

Anthony Hopkins

Richard Nixon

Nixon

Sean Penn

Matthew Poncelet

Dead Man Walking

Massimo Troisi *[38]

Mario Ruoppolo

Il Postino: The Postman

1996
(69th)

Geoffrey Rush Award winner

David Helfgott

Shine
[80]

Tom Cruise

Jerry Maguire

Jerry Maguire

Ralph Fiennes

Count László de Almásy

The English Patient

Woody Harrelson

Larry Flynt

The People vs. Larry Flynt

Billy Bob Thornton

Karl Childers

Sling Blade

1997
(70th)

Jack Nicholson Award winner

Melvin Udall

As Good as It Gets
[81]

Matt Damon

Will Hunting

Good Will Hunting

Robert Duvall

Euliss "Sonny" Dewey

The Apostle

Peter Fonda

Ulysses "Ulee" Jackson

Ulee's Gold

Dustin Hoffman

Stanley Motss

Wag the Dog

1998
(71st)

Roberto Benigni Award winner

Guido Orefice

Life Is Beautiful
[82]

Tom Hanks

Captain John Miller

Saving Private Ryan

Ian McKellen

James Whale

Gods and Monsters

Nick Nolte

Wade Whitehouse

Affliction

Edward Norton

Derek Vinyard

American History X

1999
(72nd)

Kevin Spacey Award winner

Lester Burnham

American Beauty
[83]

Russell Crowe

Jeffrey Wigand

The Insider

Richard Farnsworth

Alvin Straight

The Straight Story

Sean Penn

Emmet Ray

Sweet and Lowdown

Denzel Washington

Rubin "The Hurricane" Carter

The Hurricane

2000
(73rd)

Russell Crowe Award winner

Maximus Decimus Meridius

Gladiator
[84]

Javier Bardem

Reinaldo Arenas

Before Night Falls

Tom Hanks

Chuck Noland

Cast Away

Ed Harris

Jackson Pollock

Pollock

Geoffrey Rush

The Marquis de Sade

Quills

2001
(74th)

Denzel Washington Award winner

Detective Alonzo Harris

Training Day
[85]

Russell Crowe

John Forbes Nash Jr.

A Beautiful Mind

Sean Penn

Sam Dawson

I Am Sam

Will Smith

Muhammad Ali

Ali

Tom Wilkinson

Dr. Matt Fowler

In the Bedroom

2002
(75th)

Adrien Brody Award winner

Władysław Szpilman

The Pianist
[86]

Nicolas Cage

Charlie & Donald Kaufman

Adaptation

Michael Caine

Thomas Fowler

The Quiet American

Daniel Day-Lewis

William "Bill the Butcher" Cutting

Gangs of New York

Jack Nicholson

Warren R. Schmidt

About Schmidt

2003
(76th)

Sean Penn Award winner

Jimmy Markum

Mystic River
[87]

Johnny Depp

Captain Jack Sparrow

Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl

Ben Kingsley

Massoud Amir Behrani

House of Sand and Fog

Jude Law

W. P. Inman

Cold Mountain

Bill Murray

Bob Harris

Lost in Translation

2004
(77th)

Jamie Foxx Award winner

Ray Charles

Ray
[88]

Don Cheadle

Paul Rusesabagina

Hotel Rwanda

Johnny Depp

J. M. Barrie

Finding Neverland

Leonardo DiCaprio

Howard Hughes

The Aviator

Clint Eastwood

Frankie Dunn

Million Dollar Baby

2005
(78th)

Philip Seymour Hoffman Award winner

Truman Capote

Capote
[89]

Terrence Howard
Djay

Hustle & Flow

Heath Ledger

Ennis Del Mar

Brokeback Mountain

Joaquin Phoenix

Johnny Cash

Walk the Line

David Strathairn

Edward R. Murrow

Good Night, and Good Luck

2006
(79th)

Forest Whitaker Award winner

Idi Amin

The Last King of Scotland
[90]

Leonardo DiCaprio

Danny Archer

Blood Diamond

Ryan Gosling

Dan Dunne

Half Nelson

Peter O'Toole

Maurice Russell

Venus

Will Smith

Chris Gardner

The Pursuit of Happyness

2007
(80th)

Daniel Day-Lewis Award winner

Daniel Plainview

There Will Be Blood
[91]

George Clooney

Michael Clayton

Michael Clayton

Johnny Depp

Sweeney Todd / Benjamin Barker

Sweeney Todd

Tommy Lee Jones

Hank Deerfield

In the Valley of Elah

Viggo Mortensen

Nikolai Luzhin

Eastern Promises

2008
(81st)

Sean Penn Award winner

Harvey Milk

Milk
[92]

Richard Jenkins

Walter Vale

The Visitor

Frank Langella

Richard Nixon

Frost/Nixon

Brad Pitt

Benjamin Button

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

Mickey Rourke

Randy "The Ram" Robinson

The Wrestler

2009
(82nd)

Jeff Bridges Award winner

Otis "Bad" Blake

Crazy Heart
[93]

George Clooney

Ryan Bingham

Up in the Air

Colin Firth

George Falconer

A Single Man

Morgan Freeman

Nelson Mandela

Invictus

Jeremy Renner

SFC William James

The Hurt Locker

2010
(83rd)

Colin Firth Award winner

King George VI

The King's Speech
[94]

Javier Bardem
Uxbal

Biutiful

Jeff Bridges

Reuben "Rooster" Cogburn

True Grit

Jesse Eisenberg

Mark Zuckerberg

The Social Network

James Franco

Aron Ralston

127 Hours

2011
(84th)

Jean Dujardin Award winner

George Valentin

The Artist
[95]

Demián Bichir

Carlos Galindo

A Better Life

George Clooney

Matthew King

The Descendants

Gary Oldman

George Smiley

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy

Brad Pitt

Billy Beane

Moneyball

2012
(85th)

Daniel Day-Lewis Award winner

Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln
[96]

Bradley Cooper

Patrizio "Pat" Solitano, Jr.

Silver Linings Playbook

Hugh Jackman

Jean Valjean

Les Misérables

Joaquin Phoenix

Freddie Quell

The Master

Denzel Washington

William "Whip" Whitaker, Sr.

Flight

2013
(86th)

Matthew McConaughey Award winner

Ron Woodroof

Dallas Buyers Club
[97]

Christian Bale

Irving Rosenfeld

American Hustle

Bruce Dern

Woodrow "Woody" Grant

Nebraska

Leonardo DiCaprio

Jordan Belfort

The Wolf of Wall Street

Chiwetel Ejiofor

Solomon Northup

12 Years a Slave

2014
(87th)

Eddie Redmayne Award winner

Stephen Hawking

The Theory of Everything
[98]

Steve Carell

John du Pont

Foxcatcher

Bradley Cooper

Chris Kyle

American Sniper

Benedict Cumberbatch

Alan Turing

The Imitation Game

Michael Keaton

Riggan Thomson

Birdman

2015
(88th)

Leonardo DiCaprio Award winner

Hugh Glass

The Revenant
[99]

Bryan Cranston

Dalton Trumbo

Trumbo

Matt Damon

Mark Watney

The Martian

Michael Fassbender

Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs

Eddie Redmayne

Lili Elbe

The Danish Girl

2016
(89th)

Casey Affleck Award winner

Lee Chandler

Manchester by the Sea
[100]

Andrew Garfield

Desmond Doss

Hacksaw Ridge

Ryan Gosling

Sebastian Wilder

La La Land

Viggo Mortensen

Ben Cash

Captain Fantastic

Denzel Washington

Troy Maxson

Fences

2017
(90th)

Gary Oldman Award winner

Winston Churchill

Darkest Hour
[101]

Timothée Chalamet

Elio Perlman

Call Me by Your Name

Daniel Day-Lewis

Reynolds Woodcock

Phantom Thread

Daniel Kaluuya

Chris Washington

Get Out

Denzel Washington

Roman J. Israel

Roman J. Israel, Esq.

2018
(91st)

Rami Malek Award winner

Freddie Mercury

Bohemian Rhapsody
[102]

Christian Bale

Dick Cheney

Vice

Bradley Cooper

Jackson "Jack" Maine

A Star Is Born

Willem Dafoe

Vincent van Gogh

At Eternity's Gate

Viggo Mortensen

Frank "Tony Lip" Vallelonga

Green Book



Multiple wins and nominations











Age superlatives






































Record
Actor
Film
Age (in years)

Ref.
Oldest winner

Henry Fonda

On Golden Pond
76
[103]
Oldest nominee

Richard Farnsworth

The Straight Story
79
[103]
Youngest winner

Adrien Brody

The Pianist
29
[103]
Youngest nominee

Jackie Cooper

Skippy
9
[103]


See also



  • All Academy Award acting nominees

  • Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor

  • Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead

  • BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

  • Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama

  • Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy

  • Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role



Notes


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A^ : According to longstanding Hollywood legend,[104] reported by Susan Orlean,[105]Rin Tin Tin actually received the most Best Actor votes, but the Academy (not wishing to give the first award to a dog) refactored the votes to ensure that Jannings won.[106]


B1 2 3 : Rules at the time of the first three ceremonies allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination which could honor their work in more than one film. George Arliss, Maurice Chevalier, and Ronald Colman were all nominated for two different roles in the same category. Current Academy rules forbid this from happening. No official reason was ever given as to why Arliss won the award for only one of the two films he was listed for.[107]


C1 2 : Fredric March received one more vote than Wallace Beery. Academy rules at that time considered such a close margin to be a tie, so both March and Beery received the award. Under current Academy rules, however, dual awards are given only for exact ties.[108]


D^ : Paul Muni's performance in Black Fury was not nominated for an Oscar. For two years only, the Academy allowed a write-in vote.[109][110] Technically, this meant that any performance was eligible for the award. The decision was made the previous year in response to the controversy surrounding Bette Davis's failure to receive a nomination for Of Human Bondage. Muni came 2nd in the vote; however, the Academy does not recognize Davis or Muni as nominees in these years.[111][112]






  1. ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.




References





  1. ^ "Rule One: Award Definitions" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 8-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013.


  3. ^ abc Levy 2003, p. 56


  4. ^ Dirks, Tim. "1929–38 Academy Awards Winners and History". Filmsite. Rainbow Media. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2013.


  5. ^ Crouse 2005, p. 257


  6. ^ abc Levy 2003, p. 52


  7. ^ ab Osborne 2013, p. 423


  8. ^ Crouse 2005, p. 177


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Bibliography






  • Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3.


  • Levy, Emanuel (2003), All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards, New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-82641-452-6


  • Orlean, Susan (2011). Rin Tin Tin: The Life and the Legend. New York, United States: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-43919-015-9.


  • Osborne, Robert (2013). 85 Years of the Oscar: The Complete History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Abbeville Publishing Group. ISBN 978-078921-142-2.


  • Thise, Mark (2008), Hollywood Winners & Loseres A to Z, New York, United States: Limelight Editions, ISBN 978-0-87910-351-4


  • Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996), Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.), New York, United States: Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-34540-053-6, OCLC 779680732




External links








  • Oscars.org (official Academy site)


  • The Academy Awards Database (official site)


  • Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)












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