Sixth Army (Ottoman Empire)




































Sixth Army

Mesopotamian campaign 6th Army field HQ.png
Sixth Army field HQ

Active September 5, 1915[1]–February 9, 1919[2]
Country
 Ottoman Empire
Type Field Army
Garrison/HQ Baghdad
Patron Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Engagements
Mesopotamian campaign (World War I)
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Müşir Goltz Pasha (October 13, 1915[3]-April 19, 1916[4])
Mirliva Halil Pasha (April 19, 1916[4]-June 30, 1918[5])
Mirliva Ali İhsan Pasha (June 30, 1918[5]-February 9, 1919[2])

The Sixth Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Altıncı Ordu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.




Contents






  • 1 Formations


    • 1.1 Order of Battle, 1877


    • 1.2 Order of Battle, 1908




  • 2 World War I


    • 2.1 Order of Battle, August 1914


    • 2.2 Order of Battle, Late April 1915


    • 2.3 Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915


    • 2.4 Order of Battle, January 1916


    • 2.5 Order of Battle, August 1916


    • 2.6 Order of Battle, December 1916


    • 2.7 Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918


    • 2.8 Order of Battle, September 1918




  • 3 After Mudros


    • 3.1 Order of Battle, November 1918




  • 4 Sources


  • 5 External links





Formations



Order of Battle, 1877


In 1877, it was stationed in Baghdad. It was composed of:




  • Infantry: Six line regiments and six rifle battalion.[6]


  • Cavalry: Two line regiments.[6]


  • Artillery: One line regiment (9 batteries).[6]


  • Engineer: One sapper company.[6]



Order of Battle, 1908


After the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era on July 3, 1908, new government initiate a major military reform. Army headquarters were modernized. Its operational area was Mesopotamia. It commanded the following active divisions:[7] The Sixth Army also had inspectorate functions for four Redif (reserve) divisions:[8][9]



  • Sixth Army

    • 11th Infantry Division (On Birinci Fırka)

    • 12th Infantry Division (On İkinci Fırka)

    • 6th Infantry Division (Altıncı Fırka)

    • 15th Artillery Brigade (On Beşinci Topçu Tugayı)



  • Redif divisions of the Sixth Army (name of the division denotes its location)

    • 21st Baghdad Reserve Infantry Division (Yirmi Birinci Bağdad Redif Fırkası)

    • 22nd Basra Reserve Infantry Division (Yirmi İkinci Basra Redif Fırkası)

    • 23rd Kelkit Reserve Infantry Division (Yirmi Üçüncü Kelkit Redif Fırkası)

    • 24th Musul Reserve Infantry Division (Yirmi Dördüncü Musul Redif Fırkası)





World War I



Order of Battle, August 1914


In August 1914, the army was structured as follows:[10]



  • Sixth Army (Commander: Cavit Pasha)


    • XII Corps

      • 35th Division, 36th Division



    • XIII Corps
      • 37th Division





Order of Battle, Late April 1915


In Late April 1915, the army was structured as follows:[11]



  • Sixth Army

    • 35th Division

    • Provisional Infantry Division




Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915


In Late Summer 1915, the army was structured as follows:[12]



  • Sixth Army

    • Iraq Area Command


      • XIII Corps
        • 35th Division, 38th Division



      • XVIII Corps
        • 45th Division






Order of Battle, January 1916


In January 1916, the army was structured as follows:[13]



  • Sixth Army

    • Iraq Area Command


      • XIII Corps
        • 35th Division, 52nd Division



      • XVIII Corps
        • 45th Division, 51st Division






Order of Battle, August 1916


In August 1916, the army was structured as follows:[14]




  • XIII Corps

    • 2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division



  • XVIII Corps
    • 35th Division, 45th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division




Order of Battle, December 1916


In December 1916, the army was structured as follows:[15]




  • XIII Corps
    • 2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division



  • XVIII Corps
    • 45th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Infantry Division




Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918


In August 1917, January, June 1918, the army was structured as follows:[16]




  • XIII Corps
    • 2nd Division, 6th Division



  • XVIII Corps

    • 14th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division


  • 46th Division



Order of Battle, September 1918


In September 1918, the army was structured as follows:[17]




  • XIII Corps
    • 2nd Division, 6th Division



  • XVIII Corps
    • 14th Division, 46th Division




After Mudros



Order of Battle, November 1918


In November 1918, the army was structured as follows:[18]



  • XIII Corps
    • 2nd Division, 6th Division



Sources





  1. ^ David Nicolle, colour plates by Rafaelle Ruggeri, The Ottoman Army 1914-18, Men-at-Arms 269, Ospray Publishing Ltd., 1994, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 1-85532-412-1, p. 14.


  2. ^ ab Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
    ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 44. (in Turkish)


  3. ^ Orhan Avcı, Irak'ta Türk Ordusu (1914-1918), Vadi Yayınları, 2004,
    ISBN 975-6768-51-7, p. 29. (in Turkish)


  4. ^ ab Orhan Avcı, Irak'ta Türk Ordusu (1914-1918), Vadi Yayınları, 2004,
    ISBN 975-6768-51-7, p. 30. (in Turkish)


  5. ^ ab T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademlerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, 1972, p. 145. (in Turkish)


  6. ^ abcd Ian Drury, Illustrated by Raffaele Ruggeri, The Russo-Turkish War 1877, Men-at-Arms 277, Ospray Publishing Ltd., Reprinted 1999,
    ISBN 1-85532-371-0, p. 35.


  7. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003, p. 17.


  8. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 19.


  9. ^ T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, Balkan Harbi, 1912-1913: Harbin Sebepleri, Askerî Hazırlıklar ve Osmanlı Devletinin Harbe Girişi, Genelkurmay Basımevi, 1970, pp. 87-90. (in Turkish)


  10. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.


  11. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 86.


  12. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109.


  13. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 126.


  14. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134.


  15. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 154.


  16. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170, 181, 188.


  17. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.


  18. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.




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