甲硅烷































































































































甲硅烷



IUPAC名
silicane
别名
 四氢化硅
氢化硅
硅烷
识别

CAS号
7803-62-5  ✓

PubChem
23953

ChemSpider
22393

SMILES


InChI


InChIKey
BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYAE

Gmelin
 273

UN编号
 2203

ChEBI
29389

RTECS
 VV1400000
性质

化学式
SiH4

摩尔质量
 32.12 g mol−1 g·mol⁻¹
外观
 无色气体

密度
 ? kg m−3（固态）
0.7 g/ml（液态）
1.342 g L−1（气态）

熔点
 88 K (−185°C)

沸点
 161 K (−112°C)

溶解性（水）
 水解
结构

分子构型
正四面体

偶极矩
 0 D
热力学

ΔfHmo298K
 -1615 kJ mol−1

So298K
 283 J mol−1 K−1
危险性
主要危害
 毒性较低，避免暴露。可能造成红肿和发炎。极易燃烧。

NFPA 704

NFPA 704.svg

4

2

3

 

闪点
 N/A

自燃温度
 294 K (21°C)
相关物质
相关氢化物
甲烷、甲锗烷
若非注明，所有数据均出自一般条件（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

甲硅烷（英语：Silane），也稱甲矽烷、矽甲烷，化学式为SiH4，是一种硅烷；有时也被简称为硅烷（勿混淆）。它的结构与甲烷类似，只是用硅取代了甲烷中的碳。在室温下，硅烷是一种易燃的气体，在空气中，无需外加火源，硅烷就可以自燃。但是有学者认为，硅烷本身是很稳定的，在自然状态下，是以聚合物的状态存在的。在超过420摄氏度的环境下，硅烷会分解成硅和氢，因此硅烷可以被用来以薄膜沉積提纯硅，是半導體工業重要的特用電子級氣體之一[1]。




目录






  • 1 制备


  • 2 安全


  • 3 參見


  • 4 參考資料





制备


工業上，多晶塊狀硅首先在摄氏200度置於流床反應器下鹽酸化：硅與通入的鹽酸氣形成三氯化硅和氫氣。反應式如下：


Si + 3 HCl → HSiCl3 + H2

將經過蒸餾純化的三氯化硅置於有催化劑的resinous bed反應器而產生歧化反應，形成硅烷和四氯化硅。反應式如下：


4 HSiCl3 → SiH4 + 3 SiCl4

此反應的催化劑常以金屬鹵化物爲主，尤其是氯化鋁。



安全


矽烷在空氣中爆炸性極高，尤其與氮氣等氣體混在一起爆炸性更高，只要1%的矽烷和純氮就有可能引發爆炸[來源請求]。另外矽烷對眼睛具有刺激性。



參見



  • 矽烷

  • 乙矽烷



參考資料



  • organofunctional silanes from Degussa AG

  • organofunctional silanes for building protection - water repellents - masonry protection - Graffiti Controll - sealer - easy to clean surface from Degussa AG


  • http://www.siridion.com chlorosilanes for telecommunication and electronic materials from Degussa

  • 以硅烷化合物製備多晶矽原料


















规范控制

  • NDL: 00576443



  1. ^ 台灣特品化學公司




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