Hyparrhenia















































thatching grass

Starr 011205-0111 Hyparrhenia rufa.jpg

Hyparrhenia rufa

Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
(unranked):
Commelinids
Order:
Poales
Family:
Poaceae
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Genus:
Hyparrhenia


Andersson ex Fourn.

Type species

Hyparrhenia foliosa
(Kunth) Andersson ex Fourn.[1]


Synonyms[2]

Dybowskia Stapf



Hyparrhenia is a genus of grasses.[3][4] Many species are known commonly as thatching grass.[5][6][7][8]


They are mostly native to tropical Africa; some can be found in warmer areas in temperate Eurasia, Australia, and Latin America. These are annual and perennial bunch grasses. The inflorescence branches into twin spikes of paired spikelets.[9][10][11]


Species[2]



  1. Hyparrhenia anamesa - dry Africa from Ethiopia to Cape Province


  2. Hyparrhenia andongensis - Angola


  3. Hyparrhenia anemopaegma - Zambia


  4. Hyparrhenia anthistirioides - dry Africa from Eritrea to Malawi


  5. Hyparrhenia arrhenobasis - Ethiopia


  6. Hyparrhenia bagirmica - West Africa


  7. Hyparrhenia barteri - from Burkina Faso to Malawi


  8. Hyparrhenia bracteata - Africa (from Mali to Zimbabwe), Thailand, Vietnam, New Guinea, Latin America (from Veracruz to Paraná)


  9. Hyparrhenia claytonii - Ethiopia


  10. Hyparrhenia coleotricha - Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Yemen


  11. Hyparrhenia collina - dry Africa from Nigeria to Ethiopia to KwaZulu-Natal


  12. Hyparrhenia confinis - tropical Africa from Zaïre to Ethiopia


  13. Hyparrhenia coriacea - Central African Rep


  14. Hyparrhenia cyanescens from Gambia to Zaïre


  15. Hyparrhenia cymbaria - Africa, Madagascar, Comoros, India


  16. Hyparrhenia dichroa - from Djibouti to KwaZulu-Natal


  17. Hyparrhenia diplandra - tropical Africa, southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, Sulawesi


  18. Hyparrhenia dregeana - from Yemen + Eritrea to Swaziland


  19. Hyparrhenia dybowskii - Zaïre, Central African Rep


  20. Hyparrhenia exarmata - from Mali to Kenya


  21. Hyparrhenia familiaris - from Guinea to Angola


  22. Hyparrhenia figariana - from Nigeria to Tanzania


  23. Hyparrhenia filipendula - from Guinea to KwaZulu-Natal; Madagascar, Yunnan, Sri Lanka, Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland, New South Wales


  24. Hyparrhenia finitima - from Sierra Leone to Mpumalanga


  25. Hyparrhenia formosa - from Ethiopia + Yemen to Malawi


  26. Hyparrhenia gazensis - from Uganda to KwaZulu-Natal


  27. Hyparrhenia glabriuscula - tropical Africa


  28. Hyparrhenia gossweileri - Zaïre, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia


  29. Hyparrhenia griffithii - Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Madagascar, Yunnan, Assam, Myanmar, Vietnam


  30. Hyparrhenia hirta - Africa, southern Europe, southwest Asia from France to Cape Province to Pakistan; naturalized in scattered sites in Australia, North + South America


  31. Hyparrhenia involucrata - from Burkina Faso to Congo Rep


  32. Hyparrhenia madaropoda - from South Sudan to Mozambique


  33. Hyparrhenia mobukensis - from Ethiopia to Malawi


  34. Hyparrhenia multiplex - Ethiopia + Sudan


  35. Hyparrhenia neglecta - Ethiopia


  36. Hyparrhenia newtonii - Africa (from Guinea to Swaziland), Madagascar, China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea


  37. Hyparrhenia niariensis - from Cameroon to Zambia


  38. Hyparrhenia nyassae - tropical Africa, Madagascar, Thailand, Vietnam


  39. Hyparrhenia papillipes - Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Yemen, Tanzania, Madagascar


  40. Hyparrhenia pilgeriana - from Ethiopia to KwaZulu-Natal


  41. Hyparrhenia pilosa - Central African Rep


  42. Hyparrhenia poecilotricha - from Guinea to KwaZulu-Natal


  43. Hyparrhenia praetermissa - Sulawesi


  44. Hyparrhenia quarrei - from Yemen to Nigeria + KwaZulu-Natal


  45. Hyparrhenia rudis - tropical Africa, Madagascar


  46. Hyparrhenia rufa - tropical - southern Africa; Yunnan, Myanmar, Thailand; naturalized in Florida, Texas, Latin America (from Chihuahua to Paraguay); various islands in Caribbean, Pacific, Indian Ocean


  47. Hyparrhenia schimperi - from Ethiopia to Cape Province; Madagascar


  48. Hyparrhenia smithiana - from Guinea to Congo Rep


  49. Hyparrhenia subplumosa - from Guinea to Zimbabwe


  50. Hyparrhenia tamba - from Eritrea to Lesotho


  51. Hyparrhenia tuberculata - Ethiopia


  52. Hyparrhenia umbrosa - from Nigeria to KwaZulu-Natal; Comoros


  53. Hyparrhenia variabilis - from Yemen + Eritrea to KwaZulu-Natal; Comoros, Madagascar


  54. Hyparrhenia violascens - Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon


  55. Hyparrhenia welwitschii - from Guinea to Zimbabwe; Comoros


  56. Hyparrhenia wombaliensis - Cameroon, Congo Rep, Zaïre


formerly included[2]

see Andropogon Elymandra Exotheca Hyperthelia Parahyparrhenia




  • Hyparrhenia abyssinica - Exotheca abyssinica

  • Hyparrhenia archaelymandra - Elymandra archaelymandra

  • Hyparrhenia baddadae - Elymandra grallata

  • Hyparrhenia cornucopiae - Hyperthelia cornucopiae

  • Hyparrhenia dissoluta - Hyperthelia dissoluta

  • Hyparrhenia djalonica - Parahyparrhenia annua

  • Hyparrhenia edulis - Hyperthelia edulis

  • Hyparrhenia eylesii - Elymandra grallata

  • Hyparrhenia grallata - Elymandra grallata

  • Hyparrhenia jaegeriana - Parahyparrhenia annua

  • Hyparrhenia lithophila - Elymandra lithophila

  • Hyparrhenia macrolepis - Hyperthelia dissoluta

  • Hyparrhenia monathera - Exotheca abyssinica

  • Hyparrhenia pusilla - Andropogon pusillus

  • Hyparrhenia sulcata - Parahyparrhenia annua




References





  1. ^ lectotype designated by Clayton, Kew Bull., Add. Ser. 2: 38 (1969)


  2. ^ abc Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families


  3. ^ Fournier, Eugène Pierre Nicolas. 1886. Mexicanas Plantas 2: 51, 67 in Latin


  4. ^ Tropicos, Hyparrhenia Andersson ex E. Fourn


  5. ^ Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.


  6. ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 631 苞茅属 bao mao shu Hyparrhenia Andersson ex Fournier, Mexic. Pl. 2: 51, 67. 1886.


  7. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana genere hyparrhenia


  8. ^ Atlas of Living Australia


  9. ^ Filgueiras, T. S. 1981. O genero Hyparrhenia (Gramineae) no Brasil. Anais do XXXII Congresso Nacional de Botanica 44–57.


  10. ^ Pohl, R. W. 1994. 164. Hyparrhenia Andersson ex Fourn. 6: 393–394. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F..


  11. ^ Sanbi, Red List of South African Plants




External links



  • Jepson Manual Treatment

  • Grass Manual Treatment

  • USDA Plants: North American Species

  • Photo: Double Spikes


  • Hyparrhenia in West African plants – A Photo Guide.









Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Monte Carlo

Image
For other uses, see Monte Carlo (disambiguation). Quarter and ward of Monaco in Monaco Monte Carlo Quarter and ward of Monaco Monte Carlo in Monaco (Ward shown) Monte Carlo Location in relation to France Coordinates: 43°44′23″N 7°25′38″E  /  43.73972°N 7.42722°E  / 43.73972; 7.42722 Coordinates: 43°44′23″N 7°25′38″E  /  43.73972°N 7.42722°E  / 43.73972; 7.42722 Country   Monaco Government  • Type Principality Area  • Urban 0.61 km 2 (.234 sq mi) Population  • Quarter and ward of Monaco 15,200 (in the quarter)  3,500 (in the ward) Postcode 98000 Monte Carlo ( / ˈ m ɒ n t i ˈ k ɑːr l oʊ / ; Italian:  [ˈmonte ˈkarlo] ; French: Monte-Carlo [mɔ̃te kaʁlo] , or colloquially Monte-Carl [mɔ̃te kaʁl] ; Monégasque: Munte Carlu ) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located. Informally the name also refers to a ...
Read more

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

章鱼与海女图

Image
本条目 可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 。 （2014/5/25） 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记 {{Translated page}} 标签。 本条目 需要擴充。 （2013年8月15日） 请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 《 章鱼与海女 》（日语： 蛸と海女 ／ たことあま   Tako to ama ）是一幅由日本畫家葛饰北斋创作的浮世绘，出自1814年（文化4年）出版的艳本《喜能会之故真通》（日语： 喜能会之故真通 ／ きのえのこまつ   Kinoe no Komatsu ）。畫中有兩隻章鱼以觸手攻擊一名採珠的海女，並進行擬似戀獸癖的交媾行為。作品尺寸为6½" × 8¾" （16.51 cm × 22.23 cm）。 [1] 在此之前的类似作品还有北尾重政的艳本《謡曲色番組》及勝川春潮的艳本《艳本千夜多女志》等，有被北斋作为参考的可能性。 《章鱼与海女图》有不同英文翻译，一般称The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife，又作Girl Diver and Octopi、Diver and Two Octopi，Richard Douglas Lane称其为 Girl Diver and Octopi [2] ，Mathi Forrer 称其为 Pearl Diver and Two Octopi [3] ，Danielle Talerico 称其为 Diver and Two Octopi 。 [4] 目录 1 作品介绍 1.1 画中对话 1.2 解释 2 评价 3 影响 3.1 模仿作品 4 另见 5 参考来源 6 外部連結 作品介绍 画中对话 原文 译文 大蛸： いつぞハいつぞハとねらいすましてゐたかいがあつて、けふといふけふ、とうとうとらまへたア。てもむつくりとしたいいぼぼだ。いもよりハなをこうぶつだ。サアサア、すつてすつてすいつくして...
Read more