黑爾數額







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選舉制度











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黑爾數額（Hare quota）是用於可轉移單票制及比例代表名單投票制的其中一种最大餘額计票方法。黑爾數額的計算方法，是將總有效票數除以議席數目。只要有關候選人或候選名單每取得“數額”一倍的票數，便能獲分配一個議席。名稱源自其發明者英國大律師托馬斯·黑爾（英语：Thomas Hare (political scientist)）。


黑爾數額為現時香港立法會（地區直選和區議會（第二）功能界別議席）、中華民國立法院不分區議席、以及非洲西南部國家納米比亞的議會所使用的分配方法。19世紀，美國國會也曾採用這種方法分配選票。



例子


假设某选区有4个议席，由5张候选名单竞逐，每名選民只能選一張名單，最后有200张选票，分布如下：




































名单
票數
名单甲
  
 90
名单乙
  
 50
名单丙
  
 30
名单丁
  
 20
名单戊
  
 10


票数200张，有4个议席，所以黑爾數額為：


2004=50{displaystyle {frac {200}{4}}=50}{displaystyle {frac {200}{4}}=50}

名单甲取得超过數額要求的50票，可取得1席。扣减數額后，名单甲余下40票，比較之下，名单乙以50票取得一席。扣减數額后，名單乙用盡選票，而与其他名单比较，名单甲的票仍最多（40票），可多取一席，最后一席会落入票數緊隨其後的名单丙手中。


但是如果席次修改，數值有可能會改變。



參考文獻



  • 香港臨時立法會秘書處，資料研究及圖書館服務部：比例代表選舉制度資料摘要（PDF檔案）


參見



  • 特羅普數額

  • 哈根巴赫數額













































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