The Automobile Association




This article is about the British Automobile Association. For other uses, see Automobile Association (disambiguation).


























































AA plc
Trading name
 The AA [1]
Type
 Public
Traded as
LSE: AA.
FTSE 250 Component
Industry Automotive services
Founded 1905 (1905)
Headquarters
Fanum House, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
Area served
 United Kingdom
Key people
 John Leach
(Chairman)
Simon Breakwell
(Chief Executive)
Revenue
£940 million (2017)[2]
Operating income
£284 million (2017)[2]
Net income
£154 million (2017)[2]
Number of employees
 7,454 (2017)[2]
Website www.theaa.com

AA plc (The AA, originally The Automobile Association) is a British motoring association founded in 1905, which currently provides car insurance, driving lessons, breakdown cover, loans, motoring advice, road maps and other services. The association demutualised in 1999, to become a private limited company, and in 2002, the AA Motoring Trust was created to continue its public interest and road safety activities.


It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Charitable association


    • 1.2 For-profit company


    • 1.3 Continuing charities




  • 2 AA ratings and awards


    • 2.1 Hotels, guest accommodation, and self catering accommodation


    • 2.2 Campsites and caravan parks


    • 2.3 Restaurants




  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





History



Charitable association




AA phone box


The Automobile Association was founded in 1905, to help motorists avoid police speed traps,[3] in response to the Motor Car Act 1903 which introduced new penalties for breaking the speed limit, for reckless driving with fines, endorsements and the possibility of jail for speeding and other driving offences.[4]


The act also required drivers to hold a driving licence (which was obtained without a test on payment of five shillings) and to display a registration plate on their vehicle.[5]


By 1906, the AA had erected thousands of roadside danger and warning signs, and managed road signage until responsibility was passed to local authorities in the early 1930s.[3] By 1926, the organisation had installed 6,500 direction signs, and 15,000 village signs,[6] most of which were removed during the Second World War.[7]


In 1908, the organisation published its first AA Members' Special Handbook containing a list of nationwide agents and repairers.[3]




Automobile Association roadside assistance BMC Minivan


AA patrols on bicycles warned motorists of police speed traps ahead. In 1910, in a legal test case (Betts vs. Stevens) involving an AA patrolman and a potentially speeding motorist, the Chief Justice, Lord Alverston, ruled that where a patrolman signals to a speeding driver to slow down and thereby avoid a speed trap, then that person would have committed the offence of 'obstructing an officer in the course of his duty' under the Prevention of Crimes Amendment Act 1885.[8][9]


Subsequently, the organisation developed a coded warning system, used until the 1960s, whereby a patrolman would always salute the driver of a passing car which showed a visible AA Badge unless there was a speed trap nearby, on the understanding that their officers could not be prosecuted for failing to salute.[10]


The AA Handbook included the following message many times: "It cannot be too strongly emphasised that when a patrol fails to salute, the member should stop and ask the reason why, as it is certain that the patrol has something of importance to communicate."[6]


In 1910, the organisation introduced AA Routes and in 1912, began inspecting hotels and restaurants, issuing AA Star Classification to those deemed to be of sufficient quality and introduced pre purchase and post accident repair checks in the 1920s.[3]


In 1920, members were issued with keys to roadside wooden telephone boxes which could be used to call the organisation for assistance (the boxes began to be erected in 1912 as shelters for watchmen or patrolmen). There were almost 1,000 boxes in their heyday, and they remained in use until the 1960s.[3]


During the Second World War, large numbers of patrolmen served in the Corps of Military Police. Some had been Territorial MPs before the war and many others were encouraged to join by the management after war had broken out. They were valued for their signing and routing skills and the fact that they were already a disciplined and uniformed body of men, used to working with motorcycles and working alone.[citation needed]




A former AA BSA patrol bike from 1951


1949 saw the launch of a night time breakdown and recovery service, initially in London only, then extended nationally. The AA Insurance brokerage service was started in 1967.[3]


After the war, the AA led protests against petrol rationing, which was repealed in 1950.[3] The organisation campaigned for the compulsory wearing of seat belts, and for the introduction of unleaded petrol. Seat belt legislation became law in the United Kingdom in 1983 as required by the Transport Act 1981.[3] They have lobbied successive governments over what they describe as 'unfair motoring taxes'.[11]


In February 1972, the AA relocated from its central London offices to Basingstoke.[12] It began broadcasting AA Roadwatch traffic reports on commercial radio stations the following year. AA Relay was also introduced in 1973, a service that will deliver a broken down vehicle, its driver and passengers, luggage and trailer to anywhere in Britain.[3]



For-profit company


The association demutualised in July 1999 to become a private limited company, which was bought later the same year by Centrica (best known for its British Gas and Scottish Gas brands).[13]


Centrica sold the AA in July 2004 to two private equity firms, CVC and Permira, who in July 2007 merged the AA with Saga under Acromas Holdings.[14]


In July 2013, the company launched AA Cars, linking buyers of used cars with sellers. The service is a partnership with Vcars, rebranding its partner's existing online service and providing a check of the car's history.[15][16] At the time of rebranding over 110,000 cars were available for purchase via 2,000 registered dealers.[15]


The AA became listed on the London Stock Exchange as AA plc in June 2014, through an initial public offering in which Acromas sold all its shares.[17][18] In 2015, the AA acquired the garage booking service Motoriety.[19] In that year, the AA had around 3,000 patrol staff.[20]


Bob Mackenzie was Executive Chairman from June 2014, having led the buy out from Acromas, until August 2017 when he was removed for "gross misconduct".[21] He was replaced by Simon Breakwell[22] as Acting Chief Executive, and John Leach as Chairman.[23] In July 2015, the AA added more than five hundred new Volkswagen Transporter vans to their patrol fleet.[24] More vans were ordered in February 2017.[25] The organisation operated in Ireland from 1910.[26]


The AA Ireland business was sold to Carlyle Cardinal Ireland Fund and Carlyle Global Financial Services Partners in June 2016.[27] The company stated that it had 3.3 million paying members in the first half of 2017.[21]



Continuing charities


The AA Foundation for Road Safety Research was created by the AA in 1986.[28] In 2002, the AA Motoring Trust charity was created to continue the AA's public interest and road safety activities;[29] its responsibilities were transferred to the IAM Motoring Trust, under the Institute of Advanced Motorists, at the end of 2006.[30]



AA ratings and awards



Hotels, guest accommodation, and self catering accommodation


The AA awards ratings according to a system based on quality standards, agreed by the AA and the various tourist authorities in the United Kingdom. Properties are awarded a star rating, from one to five stars. In addition, each hotel receives a "Merit % Score" to enable comparison of hotels with similar star ratings. Hotels that are deemed to stand out may also receive a "Red Star" "AA Inspectors' Choice" award. A similar award for guest accommodation is the "Gold Star" for properties deemed to stand out.[31]



Campsites and caravan parks


The AA award a "Pennant rating" to campsites and caravan parks on a five point scale. A percentage score is also awarded to enable comparison of parks with the same rating.[32]



Restaurants


AA inspectors award AA rosettes on a zero to five system. The standards are high, and only about one in ten restaurants are deemed worthy of even one rosette.[31]



See also



  • Vehicle recovery

  • Campaign for Safe Road Design


  • Norfolk House, Basingstoke – former headquarters


  • Widmerpool Hall – former home of AA patrol training school



References





  1. ^ "At a glance". AA plc..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abcd "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). The Automobile Association. Retrieved 17 March 2018.


  3. ^ abcdefghi "About us". The AA. Retrieved 26 February 2010.


  4. ^ "No. 27589". The London Gazette. 18 August 1903. p. 5211.


  5. ^ "A summary of important legislation". Department for Education (Northern Ireland) GCSE Revision. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009.


  6. ^ ab The Automobile Association Handbook 1926. The Automobile Association. 1926.


  7. ^ "Village name marker a relic from Devon's motoring past". Exeter Express & Echo. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012.


  8. ^ JA Coutts, 'Obstructing the Police' (1956) 19 MLR 411


  9. ^ "Road Traffic - 1900- 1929". swarb.co.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2010.


  10. ^ Massey, Ray (4 February 2010). "Drivers face breakdown nightmare after AA staff ballot for first strike in 105 years". The Daily Mail.


  11. ^ "History". AA plc. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. we have lobbied successive governments over unfair motoring taxes


  12. ^ "Motorweek: The AA are to withdraw from London". Motor: 47. 12 February 1972.


  13. ^ "Power firm buys AA". BBC News: Business. 5 July 1999. Retrieved 15 September 2016.


  14. ^ Wachman, Richard (1 July 2007). "A sorry Saga at the AA?". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 September 2016.


  15. ^ ab "The AA launches into used car classifieds through Vcars partnership". AM Online. Retrieved 11 December 2013.


  16. ^ Jones, Rupert (9 July 2013). "AA to start selling used cars". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2016.


  17. ^ Macalister, Terry (6 June 2014). "AA owner accelerates IPO plan with major sell-off". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 April 2016.


  18. ^ David, Ruth (23 June 2014). "AA Drops in First Day of Trading After $2.4 Billion IPO". Bloomberg. Retrieved 15 September 2016.


  19. ^ lyster, Gordon. "The AA enter online service booking market - Motor Trade News". www.motortradenews.com. Retrieved 2016-07-04.


  20. ^ "Annual Report and Accounts 2015" (PDF). AA plc. April 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  21. ^ ab Monaghan, Angela (1 August 2017). "AA shares plunge after boss is fired for 'gross misconduct'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  22. ^ "Executive Profile: Simon J. Breakwell". Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  23. ^ "The AA's share price is in reverse despite the firm appointing Simon Breakwell as its permanent chief executive". City AM. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2018.


  24. ^ "VW vans arrive on AA patrol fleet". leasing.com. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2018.


  25. ^ "The AA takes another 158 VW Transporter vans". transportengineer.org.uk. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2018.


  26. ^ "About us". AA Ireland. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  27. ^ Cogley, Michael (30 June 2016). "AA Ireland sold to Carlyle Cardinal Ireland in multi-million euro cash deal". Independent.ie. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  28. ^ "Road Safety Foundation". Charity Commission. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  29. ^ "Select Committee on European Union: Memorandum by The AA Motoring Trust". www.parliament.uk. April 2004. Retrieved 15 September 2016.


  30. ^ "IAM and AA Motoring Trust combine to form new road safety organisation". RoadSafe. 28 January 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2017.


  31. ^ ab "Guide to AA ratings and awards - AA". AA plc.


  32. ^ "Guide to AA Pennant Ratings". AA. Retrieved 16 April 2017.




External links







  • Official website

  • AA Garage Guide

  • Corporate website

  • Court case in 1910 regarding possible obstruction of a police officer by an AA patrolman

  • Saving AA Box 472


  • Images of AA boxes at flickr

  • Card Pay from the AA


  • Documents and clippings about The Automobile Association in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW)











Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Lambak Kiri

Image
For Lambak Kiri public housing area, see Lambak Kiri Landless Indigenous Citizens' Housing Scheme. Village in Brunei-Muara, Brunei Lambak Kiri Village Location in Brunei Coordinates: 4°59′26″N 114°57′04″E  /  4.990472°N 114.951114°E  / 4.990472; 114.951114 Coordinates: 4°59′26″N 114°57′04″E  /  4.990472°N 114.951114°E  / 4.990472; 114.951114 Country Brunei District Brunei-Muara Mukim Berakas A Government  • Village head Hamdani Omar Postcode BB1214 Lambak Kiri is a populated place in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. It is officially a village subdivision under Berakas A, a mukim in the district. Lambak Kiri may also refer to the greater area which includes the Lambak Kiri public housing area of the Landless Indigenous Citizens' Housing Scheme (Malay: Skim Tanah Kurnia Rakyat Jati ), although the latter is a separate subdivision. Contents 1 Name 2 Administration 3 See also 4 References Name ...
Read more

章鱼与海女图

Image
本条目 可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 。 （2014/5/25） 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记 {{Translated page}} 标签。 本条目 需要擴充。 （2013年8月15日） 请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 《 章鱼与海女 》（日语： 蛸と海女 ／ たことあま   Tako to ama ）是一幅由日本畫家葛饰北斋创作的浮世绘，出自1814年（文化4年）出版的艳本《喜能会之故真通》（日语： 喜能会之故真通 ／ きのえのこまつ   Kinoe no Komatsu ）。畫中有兩隻章鱼以觸手攻擊一名採珠的海女，並進行擬似戀獸癖的交媾行為。作品尺寸为6½" × 8¾" （16.51 cm × 22.23 cm）。 [1] 在此之前的类似作品还有北尾重政的艳本《謡曲色番組》及勝川春潮的艳本《艳本千夜多女志》等，有被北斋作为参考的可能性。 《章鱼与海女图》有不同英文翻译，一般称The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife，又作Girl Diver and Octopi、Diver and Two Octopi，Richard Douglas Lane称其为 Girl Diver and Octopi [2] ，Mathi Forrer 称其为 Pearl Diver and Two Octopi [3] ，Danielle Talerico 称其为 Diver and Two Octopi 。 [4] 目录 1 作品介绍 1.1 画中对话 1.2 解释 2 评价 3 影响 3.1 模仿作品 4 另见 5 参考来源 6 外部連結 作品介绍 画中对话 原文 译文 大蛸： いつぞハいつぞハとねらいすましてゐたかいがあつて、けふといふけふ、とうとうとらまへたア。てもむつくりとしたいいぼぼだ。いもよりハなをこうぶつだ。サアサア、すつてすつてすいつくして...
Read more