List of ambassadors of the United States to Switzerland and Liechtenstein

Ambassador of the United States to Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent Ed McMullen since November 21, 2017
Nominator	The President of the United States
Appointer	The President with Senate advice and consent
Inaugural holder	Theodore Sedgwick Fay as Minister Resident
Formation	March 16, 1853
Website	ch.usembassy.gov

This is a list of United States Ambassadors to the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein.^[1]

Contents

• 
  1 History
  


• 
  2 Political appointees
  


• 
  3 List of ambassadors
  
  
  
  • 
    3.1 Recess appointments
    
  
  
  • 
    3.2 Other cases
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  4 References
  


• 
  5 See also
  


• 
  6 References
  


• 
  7 External links
  

History

Since 1997, the U.S. ambassador to Switzerland has also been accredited to the Principality of Liechtenstein. Appointed on February 10, 1997, Ambassador Madeleine M. Kunin served as the first United States Ambassador to Liechtenstein.^[2] She presented her credentials to Liechtenstein on March 14, 1997, which marked the beginning of the United States' diplomatic relations with the country.^[3] (Although the United States executed its first treaty with Liechtenstein in 1926, at the time Liechtenstein was represented by Switzerland.)^[4]

Before 1997 it was understood that the rights of a U.S.–Swiss agreement also extended to citizens of Liechtenstein because it had yielded control of its foreign affairs to Switzerland. At the end of the 20th century, however, it "began pursuing independent membership in international organizations".^[4]

Political appointees

The position is generally held by a political appointee rather than a career Foreign Service Officer (FSO); in the United States ambassadors are nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate.^[5] According to the American Foreign Service Association, only two career FSOs since 1960 have been appointed to the Swiss and Liechtenstein ambassadorship (both times were in the 1970s), whereas the remaining twenty ambassadors were political appointees, typically those known as "campaign bundlers" who raise large sums of money for presidential campaigns.^[6]

List of ambassadors

Name	State of residency	Background	Title	Appointment	Presentation of credentials	Termination of mission
Theodore Sedgwick Fay	Massachusetts		Minister Resident	Mar 16, 1853	Jun 29, 1853	Presented recall, Jul 1, 1861
George G. Fogg	New Hampshire		Minister Resident	Mar 28, 1861	Jul 1, 1861	Presented recall, Oct 16, 1865
George Harrington	Georgia		Minister Resident	Jul 7, 1865	Oct 16, 1865	Presented recall, Jul 20, 1869
Horace Rublee	Wisconsin		Minister Resident	Apr 20, 1869	Jul 20, 1869	Presented recall, Sep 7, 1876
Horace Rublee	Wisconsin		Chargé d'affaires	Aug 15, 1876	Sep 7, 1876	Left post Oct 1, 1876
George Schneider	Illinois		Chargé d'affaires	May 1, 1877
Nicholas Fish II	New York		Chargé d'affaires	Jun 20, 1877	Aug 7, 1877	Presented recall, Aug 24, 1881
Michael J. Cramer	Kentucky		Chargé d'affaires	May 11, 1881	Aug 25, 1881	Promoted to Minister Resident/Consul General
Michael J. Cramer	Kentucky		Minister Resident/Consul General	Jul 13, 1882	Aug 14, 1882	Presented recall, Jul 9, 1885
Boyd Winchester	Kentucky		Minister Resident/Consul General	May 7, 1885	Jul 9, 1885	Presented recall, May 24, 1889
John D. Washburn	Massachusetts		Minister Resident/Consul General	Mar 12, 1889	May 24, 1889	Promoted to Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
John D. Washburn	Massachusetts		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Jul 30, 1890	Dec 13, 1890	Left post Aug 10, 1892
Person Colby Cheney	New Hampshire		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Dec 13, 1892	Jan 26, 1893	Presented recall, Jan 29, 1893
James Broadhead	Missouri		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Apr 7, 1893	Jul 5, 1893	Appointment terminated, Nov 1, 1895
John L. Peak	Missouri		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Nov 18, 1895	Feb 15, 1896	Presented recall, Aug 9, 1897
John George Alexander Leishman	Pennsylvania		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Jun 9, 1897	Aug 9, 1897	Presented recall, Feb 20, 1901
Arthur Sherburne Hardy	New Hampshire		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Dec 20, 1900	Apr 3, 1901	Presented recall, Jan 29, 1903
Charles Page Bryan	Illinois		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Sep 26, 1902
Charles Page Bryan	Illinois		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Dec 8, 1902
David Jayne Hill	New York		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Jan 7, 1903	Feb 24, 1903	Presented recall, Jul 1, 1905
Brutus J. Clay II	Kentucky		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Mar 8, 1905	Jul 1, 1905	Superseded, Mar 1, 1910
Laurits S. Swenson	Minnesota		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Dec 21, 1909	Mar 1, 1910	Presented recall, May 15, 1911
Henry Sherman Boutell	Illinois		Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Apr 24, 1911	May 23, 1911	Presented recall, Jul 31, 1913
Pleasant A. Stovall	Georgia	Non-career appointee	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Jun 21, 1913	Aug 23, 1913	Left post Dec 14, 1919
Hampson Gary	Texas	Non-career appointee	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Apr 7, 1920	Jun 3, 1920	Left post about Mar 4, 1921
Joseph Grew	Massachusetts	Foreign Service Officer	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Sep 24, 1921	Nov 1, 1921	Left post Mar 22, 1924
Hugh S. Gibson	California	Foreign Service officer	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Mar 18, 1924	May 19, 1924	Presented recall, Apr 29, 1927
Hugh R. Wilson	Illinois	Foreign Service officer	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Feb 26, 1927	Jun 11, 1927	Left post Jul 8, 1937
Leland B. Harrison	Illinois	Foreign Service officer	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Jul 13, 1937	Sep 10, 1937	Left post Oct 14, 1947
John Carter Vincent	Georgia	Foreign Service officer	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Jul 24, 1947	Oct 21, 1947	Left post Jun 9, 1951
Richard Cunningham Patterson, Jr.	New York	Non-career appointee	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Mar 22, 1951	Jun 27, 1951	Left post Apr 14, 1953
Frances E. Willis	California	Foreign Service officer	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Jul 20, 1953	Oct 9, 1953	Left post May 5, 1957
Henry J. Taylor	Virginia	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	May 9, 1957	May 31, 1957	Left post Feb 28, 1961
Robert M. McKinney	New Mexico	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Jun 22, 1961	Jul 25, 1961	Left post Sep 8, 1963
W. True Davis, Jr.	Missouri	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Oct 2, 1963	Nov 29, 1963	Left post Sep 3, 1965
John S. Hayes	Maryland	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Sep 19, 1966	Nov 18, 1966	Left post May 20, 1969
Shelby Cullom Davis	New York	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	May 13, 1969	Jul 17, 1969	Left post Apr 10, 1975
Peter H. Dominick	Colorado	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Feb 20, 1975	Apr 25, 1975	Left post Jul 10, 1975
Nathaniel Davis	New Jersey	Foreign Service officer	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Nov 20, 1975	Jan 9, 1976	Left post Jul 31, 1977
Marvin L. Warner	Ohio	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Jul 11, 1977	Sep 13, 1977	Left post Jul 10, 1979
Richard David Vine	California	Foreign Service officer	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Sep 20, 1979	Oct 19, 1979	Left post Sep 1, 1981
Faith Whittlesey	Pennsylvania	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Sep 28, 1981	Oct 23, 1981	Left post Feb 28, 1983
John Davis Lodge	Connecticut	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Mar 18, 1983	May 19, 1983	Left post Apr 30, 1985
Faith Whittlesey	Pennsylvania	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Apr 4, 1985	May 31, 1985	Left post Jun 14, 1988
Philip D. Winn	Colorado	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Jul 11, 1988	Aug 19, 1988	Left post Aug 5, 1989
Joseph Bernard Gildenhorn	District of Columbia	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Aug 3, 1989	Aug 23, 1989	Left post Mar 1, 1993
The following officers served as Chargés d'affaires ad interim (1993–94): John E. Hall (Mar–Aug 1993), Brian M. Flora (Aug–Dec 1993), Michael C. Polt (Dec 1993–Mar 1994), and Jeffrey R. Cellars (July 22, 2013 - June 2, 2014)
M. Larry Lawrence	California	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Feb 9, 1994	Mar 21, 1994	Died at post Jan 9, 1996
Madeleine M. Kunin	Vermont	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Aug 8, 1996	Aug 19, 1996	Left post Aug 16, 1999
J. Richard Fredericks	California	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Oct 29, 1999	Dec 2, 1999	Left post Jul 6, 2001
Mercer Reynolds	Ohio	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Aug 3, 2001	Sep 11, 2001	Left post Mar 29, 2003
Pamela Willeford	Texas	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Oct 7, 2003	Nov 25, 2003	Left post May 6, 2006
Peter R. Coneway	Texas	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Sept 6, 2006	Oct 19, 2006	Dec 7, 2008
Donald S. Beyer, Jr.	Virginia	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	August 5, 2009	August 15, 2009	May 29, 2013
Suzan G. LeVine	Washington	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	June 2, 2014	July 1, 2014	January 20, 2017[7]
Ed McMullen	South Carolina	Non-career appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	November 2, 2017	November 21, 2017

Recess appointments

The following were commissioned during a Senate recess and thus were recommissioned after their post-recess confirmations.

• George Harrington (confirmed January 22, 1866)


• 
  Nicholas Fish II (confirmed October 30, 1877)


• 
  Boyd Winchester (confirmed January 21, 1866)


• John L. Peak (confirmed December 21, 1866)


• 
  Charles Page Bryan (twice commissioned during recess but did not serve under either)

Other cases

Theodore Sedgwick Fay was nominated to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on February 25, 1856, but his nomination was withdrawn before the Senate acted on it. George Schneider was commissioned during a Senate recess and he took the oath of office but did not proceed to post.

References

1. 
   ^ "History: The U.S. Ambassadors in Switzerland". Embassy of the United States Bern, Switzerland. Retrieved 25 July 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


2. 
   ^ "Kunin To Add Liechtenstein to Diplomatic Portfolio". Associated Press. 14 January 1997.
   


3. 
   ^ "Madeleine May Kunin (1933–)". U.S. State Department Office of the Historian. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
   


4. 
   ^ ^ab "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, Since 1776: Liechtenstein". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
   


5. 
   ^ United States U.S. Senate – Powers & Procedure Senate.gov Retrieved 25 May 2012.
   


6. 
   ^ Brunner, Jim (6 February 2014). "Obama fundraiser Suzi LeVine nominated as envoy to Switzerland". The Seattle Times.
   


7. 
   ^ http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/hasty-exit_us-ambassador-to-leave-on-presidential-inauguration-day/42598600
   

See also

• Ambassadors of the United States


• Foreign relations of Liechtenstein


• Foreign relations of Switzerland


• Liechtenstein–United States relations


• Switzerland–United States relations


• Swiss Ambassador to the United States

References

• United States Department of State: Background notes on Switzerland


• United States Department of State: Background notes on Liechtenstein


• 
   This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/index.htm (U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets).

External links

• United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Switzerland


• United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Liechtenstein


• United States Department of State: Switzerland


• United States Department of State: Liechtenstein


• United States Embassy in Bern

v t e United States Ambassadors to Switzerland
Minister Resident	Fay Fogg Harrington Rublee Cramer Winchester Washburn
Chargé d'Affaires	Fish Cramer
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	Washburn Cheney Broadhead Peak Leishman Hardy Hill Clay Swenson Boutell Stovall Gary Grew Gibson Wilson Harrison Vincent Patterson
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Willis Taylor McKinney W. Davis Hayes S. Davis Dominick N. Davis Warner Vine Whittlesey Lodge Whittlesey Winn Gildenhorn Lawrence Kunin Fredericks Reynolds Willeford Coneway Beyer LeVine McMullen

v t e Ambassadors of the United States
Current countries	Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Bosnia-Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros DR Congo Congo Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati South Korea Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
Defunct countries	Czechoslovakia East Germany Hawaii Iran North Yemen Ottoman Empire Prussia South Vietnam South Yemen Soviet Union Tanganyika Two Sicilies United Arab Republic Texas Yugoslavia
Other places	Curaçao Hong Kong and Macau Jerusalem Taiwan
International organizations	AU APEC ASEAN SAARC CD EU ICAO NATO OAS OECD OIC OPCW OSCE UN UNESCO UNEP UN Food and Agriculture UNVIE UN in Geneva UN Human Rights WTO
Ambassadors-at-large	Counterterrorism Global Women's Issues International Religious Freedom War Crimes Issues Trafficking in Persons AIDS

This page is only for reference, If you need detailed information, please check here