Ai Weiwei




For the documentary film about the artist, see Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry.

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Ai.




































Ai Weiwei

Aj Wej-wej I (2017).jpg
Ai Weiwei in 2017

Born
(1957-08-28) 28 August 1957 (age 61)
Beijing, China
Nationality Chinese
Notable work
Sunflower Seeds
Beijing National Stadium
Movement Excessivism
Spouse(s) Lu, Qing
Chinese name
Chinese 艾未未























Ai Weiwei (Chinese: 艾未未; pinyin: Ài Wèiwèi, About this sound English pronunciation (help·info); born 28 August 1957 in Beijing) is a Chinese contemporary artist and activist. His father's (Ai Qing) original surname was written Jiang (蔣).[1][2][3] Ai collaborated with Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron as the artistic consultant on the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics.[4] As a political activist, he has been highly and openly critical of the Chinese Government's stance on democracy and human rights. He has investigated government corruption and cover-ups, in particular the Sichuan schools corruption scandal following the collapse of so-called "tofu-dreg schools" in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[5] In 2011, following his arrest at Beijing Capital International Airport on 3 April, he was held for 81 days without any official charges being filed; officials alluded to their allegations of "economic crimes".[6]




File:Republica 2013 - Ai Weiwei.ogvPlay media

(video) Re:publica, 2013+ interview with Ai Weiwei


Since being allowed to leave China in 2015, he has been living in Berlin, Germany, with his family, working on installations, and traveling extensively.[7]




Contents






  • 1 Life


    • 1.1 Early life and work


    • 1.2 Time in the U.S.


    • 1.3 Returning from the U.S. to China




  • 2 Political activity and controversies


    • 2.1 Internet activities


    • 2.2 Citizens' Investigation on Sichuan earthquake student casualties


    • 2.3 Shanghai studio controversy


    • 2.4 2011 arrest


      • 2.4.1 Response to Ai's arrest


      • 2.4.2 Release




    • 2.5 Tax case


    • 2.6 "15 Years of Chinese Contemporary Art Award (CCAA)" – Power Station of Art, Shanghai, 2014


    • 2.7 "Hans van Dijk: 5000 Names – UCCA"




  • 3 Artistic work


    • 3.1 Documentaries


      • 3.1.1 Beijing 2003


      • 3.1.2 Chang'an Boulevard


      • 3.1.3 Beijing: The Second Ring


      • 3.1.4 Beijing: The Third Ring


      • 3.1.5 Fairytale


      • 3.1.6 Little Girl's Cheeks


      • 3.1.7 4851


      • 3.1.8 A Beautiful Life


      • 3.1.9 Disturbing the Peace (Laoma Tihua)


      • 3.1.10 One Recluse


      • 3.1.11 Hua Hao Yue Yuan


      • 3.1.12 Remembrance


      • 3.1.13 San Hua


      • 3.1.14 Ordos 100


      • 3.1.15 So Sorry


      • 3.1.16 Ping'an Yueqing


      • 3.1.17 The Crab House


      • 3.1.18 Stay Home


      • 3.1.19 Ai Weiwei's Appeal ¥15,220,910.50


      • 3.1.20 Fukushima Art Project


      • 3.1.21 Human Flow




    • 3.2 Visual arts


      • 3.2.1 Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn


      • 3.2.2 Map of China


      • 3.2.3 Table with two legs on the wall


      • 3.2.4 Straight


      • 3.2.5 Sunflower Seeds


      • 3.2.6 Surveillance Camera


      • 3.2.7 Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads


      • 3.2.8 Coca Cola Vase


      • 3.2.9 Grapes


      • 3.2.10 Free-speech Puzzle


      • 3.2.11 Trace


      • 3.2.12 Law of the Journey


      • 3.2.13 Two Iron Trees at The Shrine of Book


      • 3.2.14 Journey of Laziz


      • 3.2.15 Hansel and Gretel


      • 3.2.16 The Animal That Looks Like a Llama but Is Really an Alpaca


      • 3.2.17 Good Fences Make Good Neighbors


      • 3.2.18 Forever Bicycles


      • 3.2.19 Forever


      • 3.2.20 Priceless




    • 3.3 Architecture


      • 3.3.1 Jinhua Park


      • 3.3.2 Tsai Residence


      • 3.3.3 Ordos 100


      • 3.3.4 Beijing National Stadium


      • 3.3.5 Serpentine Pavilion




    • 3.4 Artist's Books


      • 3.4.1 Venice Elegy




    • 3.5 Music


    • 3.6 Other engagements


    • 3.7 Awards and honors




  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 Further reading


  • 7 External links





Life



Early life and work


Ai's father was the Chinese poet Ai Qing,[8] who was denounced during the Anti-Rightist Movement. In 1958, the family was sent to a labour camp in Beidahuang, Heilongjiang, when Ai was one year old. They were subsequently exiled to Shihezi, Xinjiang in 1961, where they lived for 16 years. Upon Mao Zedong's death and the end of the Cultural Revolution, the family returned to Beijing in 1976.[9]


In 1978, Ai enrolled in the Beijing Film Academy and studied animation.[10] In 1978, he was one of the founders of the early avant garde art group the "Stars", together with Ma Desheng, Wang Keping, Huang Rui, Li Shuang, Ah Cheng and Qu Leilei. The group disbanded in 1983,[11] yet Ai participated in regular Stars group shows, The Stars: Ten Years, 1989 (Hanart Gallery, Hong Kong and Taipei), and a retrospective exhibition in Beijing in 2007: Origin Point (Today Art Museum, Beijing).[citation needed]



Time in the U.S.




This raincoat has a hole near the waist which is covered with a condom. The work is intended to describe the AIDS crisis as Ai saw it in New York City[12]


From 1981 to 1993, he lived in the United States. He was among the first generation of students to study abroad following China's reform in 1980, being one of the 161 students to take the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) in 1981[13]. For the first few years, Ai lived in Philadelphia and San Francisco. He studied English at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California, Berkeley.[14] Later, he moved to New York City.[11] He studied briefly at Parsons School of Design.[15] Ai attended the Art Students League of New York from 1983 to 1986, where he studied with Bruce Dorfman, Knox Martin and Richard Pousette-Dart.[16] He later dropped out of school, and made a living out of drawing street portraits and working odd jobs. During this period, he gained exposure to the works of Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, and Jasper Johns, and began creating conceptual art by altering readymade objects.


Ai befriended beat poet Allen Ginsberg while living in New York, following a chance meeting at a poetry reading where Ginsberg read out several poems about China. Ginsberg had travelled to China and met with Ai's father, the noted poet Ai Qing, and consequently Ginsberg and Ai became friends.[17]


When he was living in the East Village (from 1983 to 1993), Ai carried a camera with him all the time and would take pictures of his surroundings wherever he was. The resulting collection of photos were later selected and is now known as the New York Photographs.[18]


At the same time, Ai became fascinated by blackjack card games and frequented Atlantic City casinos. He is still regarded in gambling circles as a top tier professional blackjack player according to an article published on blackjackchamp.com.[19][20][21]



Returning from the U.S. to China


In 1993, Ai returned to China after his father became ill.[22] He helped establish the experimental artists' Beijing East Village and co-published a series of three books about this new generation of artists with Chinese curator Feng Boyi: Black Cover Book (1994), White Cover Book (1995), and Gray Cover Book (1997).[23]


In 1999, Ai moved to Caochangdi, in the northeast of Beijing, and built a studio house – his first architectural project. Due to his interest in architecture, he founded the architecture studio FAKE Design, in 2003.[24] In 2000, he co-curated the art exhibition Fuck Off with curator Feng Boyi in Shanghai, China.[25]


Ai is married to artist Lu Qing,[26] and has a son from an extramarital relationship.[27]




Political activity and controversies




Ai Weiwei sculptures displayed by the Pulitzer Fountain on Fifth Avenue in New York



Internet activities


In 2005, Ai was invited to start blogging by Sina Weibo, the biggest internet platform in China. He posted his first blog on 19 November. For four years, he "turned out a steady stream of scathing social commentary, criticism of government policy, thoughts on art and architecture, and autobiographical writings."[28] The blog was shut down by Sina on 28 May 2009. Ai then turned to Twitter and wrote prolifically on the platform, claiming at least eight hours online every day. He wrote almost exclusively in Chinese using the account @aiww.[29][citation needed] As of 31 December 2013, Ai has declared that he would stop tweeting but the account remains active in forms of retweets and Instagram posts.[30]


Ai supported the Amnesty International petition for Iranian filmmaker Hossein Rajabian and his brother, musician Mehdi Rajabian, and released the news on his Twitter pages.[31]



Citizens' Investigation on Sichuan earthquake student casualties


Ten days after the 8.0-magnitude earthquake in Sichuan province on 12 May 2008, Ai led a team to survey and film the post-quake conditions in various disaster zones. In response to the government's lack of transparency in revealing names of students who perished in the earthquake due to substandard school campus constructions, Ai recruited volunteers online and launched a "Citizens' Investigation" to compile names and information of the student victims. On 20 March 2009, he posted a blog titled "Citizens' Investigation" and wrote: "To remember the departed, to show concern for life, to take responsibility, and for the potential happiness of the survivors, we are initiating a "Citizens' Investigation." We will seek out the names of each departed child, and we will remember them."[32]


As of 14 April 2009, the list had accumulated 5,385 names.[33] Ai published the collected names as well as numerous articles documenting the investigation on his blog which was shut down by Chinese authorities in May 2009.[34] He also posted his list of names of schoolchildren who died on the wall of his office at FAKE Design in Beijing.[35]


Ai suffered headaches and claimed he had difficulty concentrating on his work since returning from Chengdu in August 2009, where he was beaten by the police for trying to testify for Tan Zuoren, a fellow investigator of the shoddy construction and student casualties in the earthquake. On 14 September 2009, Ai was diagnosed to be suffering internal bleeding in a hospital in Munich, Germany, and the doctor arranged for emergency brain surgery.[36] The cerebral hemorrhage is believed to be linked to the police attack.[37][38]


According to the Financial Times, in an attempt to force Ai to leave the country, two accounts used by him had been hacked in a sophisticated attack on Google in China dubbed Operation Aurora, their contents read and copied; his bank accounts were investigated by state security agents who claimed he was under investigation for "unspecified suspected crimes".[39]



Shanghai studio controversy


In November 2010, Ai was placed under house arrest by the Chinese police. He said this was to prevent the planned party marking the demolition of his newly built Shanghai studio.[40]


The building was designed and built by Ai upon encouragement and persuasion from a "high official [from Shanghai]" as part of a new cultural area designated by Shanghai Municipal authorities; Ai would have used it as a studio and to teach architecture courses. But now Ai has been accused of erecting the structure without the necessary planning permission and a demolition notice has been ordered, even though, Ai said, officials had been extremely enthusiastic, and the entire application and planning process was "under government supervision". According to Ai, a number of artists were invited to build new studios in this area of Shanghai because officials wanted to create a cultural area.[41]


On 3 November 2010, Ai said the government had informed him two months earlier that the newly completed studio would be knocked down because it was illegal. Ai complained that this was unfair, as he was "the only one singled out to have my studio destroyed". The Guardian reported Ai saying Shanghai municipal authorities were "frustrated" by documentaries on subjects they considered sensitive:[41] two of the better known ones featured Shanghai resident Feng Zhenghu, who lived in forced exile for three months in Narita Airport, Tokyo; another well-known documentary focused on Yang Jia, who murdered six Shanghai police officers.[42]


In the end, the party took place without Ai's presence; his supporters feasted on river crab, an allusion to "harmony", and a euphemism used to jeer official censorship. Ai was released from house arrest the next day.[43]


Like other activists and intellectuals, Ai was prevented from leaving China in late 2010. Ai suggested that the authorities wanted to prevent him from attending the ceremony in December 2010 to award the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize to fellow dissident Liu Xiaobo.[44] Ai said that he had not been invited to the ceremony, and was attempting to travel to South Korea for a meeting when he was told that he could not leave for reasons of national security.[45]


In the evening of 11 January 2011, Ai's studio was demolished in a surprise move by the local government.[46][47]



2011 arrest


On 3 April 2011, Ai was arrested at Beijing Capital International Airport just before catching a flight to Hong Kong and his studio facilities were searched.[48] A police contingent of approximately 50 officers came to his studio, threw a cordon around it and searched the premises. They took away laptops and the hard drive from the main computer; along with Ai, police also detained eight staff members and Ai's wife, Lu Qing. Police also visited the mother of Ai's two-year-old son.[49] While state media originally reported on 6 April that Ai was arrested at the airport because "his departure procedures were incomplete,"[50] the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs said on 7 April that Ai was arrested under investigation for alleged economic crimes.[51] Then, on 8 April, police returned to Ai's workshop to examine his financial affairs.[52] On 9 April, Ai's accountant, as well as studio partner Liu Zhenggang and driver Zhang Jingsong, disappeared,[53] while Ai's assistant Wen Tao has remained missing since Ai's arrest on 3 April.[54] Ai's wife said that she was summoned by the Beijing Chaoyang district tax bureau, where she was interrogated about his studio's tax on 12 April.[55]South China Morning Post reports that Ai received at least two visits from the police, the last being on 31 March – three days before his detention – apparently with offers of membership to the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. A staff member recalled that Ai had mentioned receiving the offer earlier, "[but Ai] didn't say if it was a membership of the CPPCC at the municipal or national level, how he responded or whether he accepted it or not."[55]


On 24 February, amid an online campaign for Middle East-style protests in major Chinese cities by overseas dissidents, Ai posted on his Twitter account: "I didn’t care about jasmine at first, but people who are scared by jasmine sent out information about how harmful jasmine is often, which makes me realize that jasmine is what scares them the most. What a jasmine!"[56][57]



Response to Ai's arrest


See also: Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign

Analysts and other activists said Ai had been widely thought to be untouchable, but Nicholas Bequelin from Human Rights Watch suggested that his arrest, calculated to send the message that no one would be immune, must have had the approval of someone in the top leadership.[58] International governments, human rights groups and art institutions, among others, called for Ai's release, while Chinese officials did not notify Ai's family of his whereabouts.[59]


State media started describing Ai as a "deviant and a plagiarist" in early 2011.[60] The China Daily subsidiary, the Global Times editorial on 6 April 2011 attacked Ai, saying "Ai Weiwei likes to do something 'others dare not do.' He has been close to the red line of Chinese law. Objectively speaking, Chinese society does not have much experience in dealing with such persons. However, as long as Ai Weiwei continuously marches forward, he will inevitably touch the red line one day."[61] Two days later, the journal scorned Western media for questioning Ai's charge as a "catch-all crime", and denounced the use of his political activism as a "legal shield" against everyday crimes. It said "Ai's detention is one of the many judicial cases handled in China every day. It is pure fantasy to conclude that Ai's case will be handled specially and unfairly."[62] Frank Ching expressed in the South China Morning Post that how the Global Times could radically shift its position from one-day to the next was reminiscent of Alice in Wonderland.[63]





Tate Modern in London, home to Ai's 'Sunflower Seeds' exhibition, put a large sign on their exterior that read "Release Ai Weiwei"


Michael Sheridan of The Times suggested that Ai had offered himself to the authorities on a platter with some of his provocative art, particularly photographs of himself nude with only a toy alpaca hiding his modesty – with a caption『草泥马挡中央』 ("grass mud horse covering the middle"). The term possesses a double meaning
in Chinese: one possible interpretation was given by Sheridan as: "Fuck your mother, the party central committee".[64]


Ming Pao in Hong Kong reacted strongly to the state media's character attack on Ai, saying that authorities had employed "a chain of actions outside the law, doing further damage to an already weak system of laws, and to the overall image of the country."[60] Pro-Beijing newspaper in Hong Kong, Wen Wei Po, announced that Ai was under arrest for tax evasion, bigamy and spreading indecent images on the internet, and vilified him with multiple instances of strong rhetoric.[65][66] Supporters said "the article should be seen as a mainland media commentary attacking Ai, rather than as an accurate account of the investigation."[67]


The United States and European Union protested Ai's detention.[68] The international arts community also mobilised petitions calling for the release of Ai: "1001 Chairs for Ai Weiwei" was organized by Creative Time of New York that calls for artists to bring chairs to Chinese embassies and consulates around the world on 17 April 2011, at 1 pm local time "to sit peacefully in support of the artist's immediate release."[69][70] Artists in Hong Kong,[71] Germany[71] and Taiwan demonstrated and called for Ai to be released.[72]


One of the major protests by U.S. museums took place on 19 and 20 May when the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego organized a 24-hour silent protest in which volunteer participants, including community members, media, and museum staff, occupied two traditionally styled Chinese chairs for one-hour periods.[73] The 24-hour sit-in referenced Ai's sculpture series, Marble Chair, two of which were on view and were subsequently acquired for the Museum's permanent collection.


The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and the International Council of Museums, which organised petitions, said they had collected more than 90,000 signatures calling for the release of Ai.[74] On 13 April 2011, a group of European intellectuals led by Václav Havel had issued an open letter to Wen Jiabao, condemning the arrest and demanding the immediate release of Ai. The signatories include Ivan Klíma, Jiří Gruša, Jáchym Topol, Elfriede Jelinek, Adam Michnik, Adam Zagajewski, Helmuth Frauendorfer; Bei Ling (Chinese:贝岭), a Chinese poet in exile drafted and also signed the open letter.[75]


On 16 May 2011, the Chinese authorities allowed Ai's wife to visit him briefly. Liu Xiaoyuan, his attorney and personal friend, reported that Wei was in good physical condition and receiving treatment for his chronic diabetes and hypertension; he was not in a prison or hospital but under some form of house arrest.[76]


He is the subject of the 2012 documentary film Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry, directed by American filmmaker Alison Klayman, which received a special jury prize at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and opened the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, North America's largest documentary festival, in Toronto on 26 April 2012.[77]



Release


On 22 June 2011, the Chinese authorities released Ai from jail after almost three months' detention on charges of tax evasion.[78] Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. (Chinese: 北京发课文化公司), a company Ai controlled, had allegedly evaded taxes and intentionally destroyed accounting documents. State media also reports that Ai was granted bail on account of Ai's "good attitude in confessing his crimes", willingness to pay back taxes, and his chronic illnesses.[79] According to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, he is prohibited from leaving Beijing without permission for one year.[80][81] Ai's supporters widely viewed his detention as retaliation for his vocal criticism of the government.[82] On 23 June 2011, professor Wang Yujin of China University of Political Science and Law stated that the release of Ai on bail shows that the Chinese government could not find any solid evidence of Ai's alleged "economic crime".[83] On 24 June 2011, Ai told a Radio Free Asia reporter that he was thankful for the support of the Hong Kong public, and praised Hong Kong's conscious society. Ai also mentioned that his detention by the Chinese regime was hellish (Chinese: 九死一生), and stressed that he is forbidden to say too much to reporters.[84]


After his release, his sister gave some details about his detention condition to the press, explaining that he was subjected to a kind of psychological torture: he was detained in a tiny room with constant light, and two guards were set very close to him at all times, and watched him constantly.[85] In November, Chinese authorities were again investigating Ai and his associates, this time under the charge of spreading pornography.[86][87]
Lu was subsequently questioned by police, and released after several hours though the exact charges remain unclear.[88][89]
In January 2012, in its International Review issue Art in America magazine featured an interview with Ai Weiwei at his home in China. J.J. Camille (the pen name of a Chinese-born writer living in New York), "neither a journalist nor an activist but simply an art lover who wanted to talk to him" had travelled to Beijing the previous September to conduct the interview and to write about his visit to "China's most famous dissident artist" for the magazine.[90]


On 21 June 2012, Ai's bail was lifted. Although he is allowed to leave Beijing, the police informed him that he is still prohibited from traveling to other countries because he is "suspected of other crimes," including pornography, bigamy and illicit exchange of foreign currency.[91][92] Until 2015, he remained under heavy surveillance and restrictions of movement, but continues to criticize through his work.[93][94] In July 2015, he was given a passport and may travel abroad.[95]



Tax case


In June 2011, the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,[96][97] and accorded three days to appeal the demand in writing. According to Ai's wife, Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. has hired two Beijing lawyers as defense attorneys. Ai's family state that Ai is "neither the chief executive nor the legal representative of the design company, which is registered in his wife's name."


Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated on 4 November 2011, and close to 9 million RMB was collected within ten days, from 30,000 contributions. Notes were folded into paper planes and thrown over the studio walls, and donations were made in symbolic amounts such as 8964 (4 June 1989, Tiananmen Massacre) or 512 (12 May 2008, Sichuan earthquake). To thank creditors and acknowledge the contributions as loans, Ai designed and issued loan receipts to all who participated in the campaign.[98] Funds raised from the campaign were used as collateral, required by law for an appeal on the tax case. Lawyers acting for Ai submitted an appeal against the fine in January 2012; the Chinese government subsequently agreed to conduct a review.[99]


In June 2012, the court heard the tax appeal case. Ai's wife, Lu Qing, the legal representative of the design company, attended the hearing. Lu was accompanied by several lawyers and an accountant, but the witnesses they had requested to testify, including Ai, were prevented from attending a court hearing.[100] Ai asserts that the entire matter – including the 81 days he spent in jail in 2011 – is intended to suppress his provocations. Ai said he had no illusions as to how the case would turn out, as he believes the court will protect the government's own interests. On 20 June, hundreds of Ai's supporters gathered outside the Chaoyang District Court in Beijing despite a small army of police officers, some of whom videotaped the crowd and led several people away.[101] On 20 July, Ai's tax appeal was rejected in court.[102][103] The same day Ai's studio released "The Fake Case" which tracks the status and history of this case including a timeline and the release of official documents.[104] On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.[105] Ai had previously deposited 1.33 million in a government-controlled account in order to appeal. Ai said he will not pay the remainder because he does not recognize the charge.[106]


In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration. The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government.[107]



"15 Years of Chinese Contemporary Art Award (CCAA)" – Power Station of Art, Shanghai, 2014


On 26 April 2014, Ai's name was removed from a group show taking place at the Shanghai Power Station of Art. The exhibition was held to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of the art prize created by Uli Sigg in 1998, with the purpose of promoting and developing Chinese contemporary art. Ai won the Lifetime Contribution Award in 2008 and was part of the jury during the first three editions of the prize.[108] He was then invited to take part in the group show together with the other selected Chinese artists. Shortly before the exhibition's opening, some museum workers removed his name from the list of winners and jury members painted on a wall. Also, Ai's works Sunflower Seeds and Stools were removed from the show and kept in a museum office (see photo on Ai Weiwei's Instagram).[109] Sigg declared that it was not his decision and that it was a decision of the Power Station of Art and the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Culture.[108]



"Hans van Dijk: 5000 Names – UCCA"


In May 2014, the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, a non-profit art center situated in the 798 art district of Beijing, held a retrospective exhibition in honor of the late curator and scholar, Hans Van Dijk. Ai, a good friend of Hans and a fellow co-founder of the China Art Archives and Warehouse (CAAW), participated in the exhibition with three artworks.[110] On the day of the opening, Ai realized his name was omitted from both Chinese and English versions of the exhibition's press release. Ai's assistants went to the art center and removed his works.[111] It is Ai's belief that, in omitting his name, the museum altered the historical record of van Dijk's work with him. Ai started his own research about what actually happened, and between 23 and 25 May he interviewed the UCCA's director, Philip Tinari, the guest curator of the exhibition, Marianne Brouwer, and the UCCA chief, Xue Mei.[110] He published the transcripts of the interviews on Instagram.[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] In one of the interviews, the CEO of the UCCA, Xue Mei, admitted that, due to the sensitive time of the exhibition, Ai's name was taken out of the press releases on the day of the opening and it was supposed to be restored afterwards. This was to avoid problems with the Chinese authorities, who threatened to arrest her.[110]



Artistic work



Documentaries


Beijing video works


From 2003 to 2005, Ai Weiwei recorded the results of Beijing's developing urban infrastructure and its social conditions.



Beijing 2003


2003, Video, 150 hours


Beginning under the Dabeiyao highway interchange, the vehicle from which Beijing 2003 was shot traveled every road within the Fourth Ring Road of Beijing and documented the road conditions. Approximately 2400 kilometers and 150 hours of footage later, it ended where it began under the Dabeiyao highway interchange. The documentation of these winding alleyways of the city center – now largely torn down for redevelopment – preserved a visual record of the city that is free of aesthetic judgment.



Chang'an Boulevard


2004, Video, 10h 13m


Moving from east to west, Chang'an Boulevard traverses Beijing's most iconic avenue. Along the boulevard's 45-kilometer length, it recorded the changing densities of its far-flung suburbs, central business districts, and political core. At each 50-meter increment, the artist records a single frame for one minute. The work reveals the rhythm of Beijing as a capital city, its social structure, cityscape, socialist-planned economy, capitalist market, political power center, commercial buildings, and industrial units as pieces of a multi-layered urban collage.



Beijing: The Second Ring


2005, Video, 1h 6m



Beijing: The Third Ring


2005 Video, 1h 50m


Beijing: The Second Ring and Beijing: The Third Ring capture two opposite views of traffic flow on every bridge of each Ring Road, the innermost arterial highways of Beijing. The artist records a single frame for one minute for each view on the bridge. Beijing: The Second Ring was entirely shot on cloudy days, while the segments for Beijing: The Third Ring were entirely shot on sunny days. The films document the historic aspects and modern development of a city with a population of nearly 11 million people.



Fairytale


2007, video, 2h 32m[121]


This video is about Ai Weiwei's project Fairytale for Europe's most innovative five-year art event Documenta 12 in Kassel, Germany in 2007: Ai Weiwei invited 1001 Chinese citizens of different ages and from various backgrounds to Germany to experience their own fairytale for 28 days.[122]
The 152 minutes film documents the whole process beginning with project preparations, over the challenge that the participants had to face until the actual travel to Germany, as well as the artist's ideas behind the work. "This is a work I emotionally relate to. It grows and it surprised me" – Ai Weiwei in Fairytale.



Little Girl's Cheeks


2008, video, 1h 18m[123]


On 15 December 2008, a citizens' investigation began with the goal of seeking an explanation for the casualties of the Sichuan earthquake that happened on 12 May 2008. The investigation covered 14 counties and 74 townships within the disaster zone, and studied the conditions of 153 schools that were affected by the earthquake.
By gathering and confirming comprehensive details about the students, such as their age, region, school, and grade, the group managed to affirm that there were 5,192 students who perished in the disaster.
Among a hundred volunteers, 38 of them participated in fieldwork, with 25 of them being controlled by the Sichuan police for a total of 45 times.
This documentary is a structural element of the citizens' investigation.



4851


2009, looped video, 1h 27m[124]


At 14:28 on 12 May 2008, an 8.0-magnitude earthquake happened in Sichuan, China. Over 5,000 students in primary and secondary schools perished in the earthquake, yet their names went unannounced. In reaction to the government's lack of transparency, a citizen's investigation was initiated to find out their names and details about their schools and families.
As of 2 September 2009, there were 4,851 confirmed. This video is a tribute to these perished students and a memorial for innocent lives lost.



A Beautiful Life


2009, video, 48m[125]


This video documents the story of Chinese citizen Feng Zhenghu and his struggles to return home.
The Shanghai authorities rejected Feng Zhenghu, originated from Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, from returning to the country for a total of eight times in 2009. On 4 November 2009, Feng Zhenghu attempted to return home for the ninth time but the police from Shanghai used violence and kidnapped him to board a flight to Japan. Feng refused to enter Japan and decided to live in the Immigration Hall at Terminal 1 of the Narita Airport in Tokyo, as an act of protest.
He relied on food gifts from tourists for sustenance and lived at a passageway in the Narita Airport for 92 days. He posted updates over Twitter, they attracted much concern and led to wide media coverage from Chinese netizens and international communities.
On 31 January, Feng announced an end to his protest at the Narita Airport. On 12 February, Feng was allowed entry to China, where he reunited with his family at home in Shanghai.
Ai Weiwei and his assistant Gao Yuan, went from Beijing to interview Feng Zhenghu three times at the Narita Airport of Japan on 16 November 20 November 2009 and 31 January 2010, and documented his life at the airport passageway and the entire process of his return to China.
No country should refuse entry to its own citizens.



Disturbing the Peace (Laoma Tihua)


2009, video, 1h 19m[126]


Ai Weiwei studio production Laoma Tihua is a documentary of an incident during Tan Zuoren's trial on 12 August 2009. Tan Zuoren was charged with "inciting subversion of state power". Chengdu police detained witnessed during the trial of the civil rights advocate, which is an obstruction of justice and violence.
Tan Zuoren was charged as a result of his research and questioning regarding the 5.12 Wenchuan students' casualties and the corruption resulting poor building construction. Tan Zuoren was sentenced to five years of prison.



One Recluse


2010, video, 3h[127]


In June 2008, Yang Jia carried a knife, a hammer, a gas mask, pepper spray, gloves and Molotov cocktails to the Zhabei Public Security Branch Bureau and killed six police officers, injuring another police officer and a guard. He was arrested on the scene, and was subsequently charged with intentional homicide. In the following six months, while Yang Jia was detained and trials were held, his mother has mysteriously disappeared.
This video is a documentary that traces the reasons and motivations behind the tragedy and investigates into a trial process filled with shady cover-ups and questionable decisions. The film provides a glimpse into the realities of a government-controlled judicial system and its impact on the citizens' lives.



Hua Hao Yue Yuan


2010, video, 2h 6m[128]


“The future dictionary definition of 'crackdown' will be: First cover one’s head up firmly, and then beat him or her up violently.” – @aiww
In the summer of 2010, the Chinese government began a crackdown on dissent, and Hua Hao Yue Yuan documents the stories of Liu Dejun and Liu Shasha, whose activism and outspoken attitude led them to violent abuse from the authorities. On separate occasions, they were kidnapped, beaten and thrown into remote locations. The incidents attracted much concern over the Internet, as well as wide speculation and theories about what exactly happened. This documentary presents interviews of the two victims, witnesses and concerned netizens. In which it gathers various perspectives about the two beatings, and brings us closer to the brutal reality of China’s “crackdown on crime”.



Remembrance


2010, voice recording, 3h 41m[129]


On 24 April 2010 at 00:51, Ai Weiwei (@aiww) started a Twitter campaign to commemorate students who perished in the earthquake in Sichuan on 12 May 2008. 3,444 friends from the Internet delivered voice recordings, the names of 5,205 perished were recited 12,140 times.
Remembrance is an audio work dedicated to the young people who lost their lives in the Sichuan earthquake. It expresses thoughts for the passing of innocent lives and indignation for the cover-ups on truths about sub-standard architecture, which led to the large number of schools that collapsed during the earthquake.



San Hua


2010, video, 1h 8m[130]


The shooting and editing of this video lasted nearly seven months at the Ai Weiwei studio. It began near the end of 2007 in an interception organized by cat-saving volunteers in Tianjin, and the film locations included Tianjin, Shanghai, Rugao of Jiangsu, Chaoshan of Guangzhou, and Hebei Province. The documentary depicts a complete picture of a chain in the cat-trading industry.
Since the end of 2009 when the government began soliciting expert opinion for the Animal Protection Act, the focus of public debate has always been on whether one should be eating cats or not, or whether cat-eating is a Chinese tradition or not. There are even people who would go as far as to say that the call to stop eating cat meat is "imposing the will of the minority on the majority". Yet the "majority" does not understand the complete truth of cat-meat trading chains: cat theft, cat trafficking, killing cats, selling cats, and eating cats, all the various stages of the trade and how they are distributed across the country, in cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Rugao, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Hebei. This well-organized, smooth-running industry chain of cat abuse, cat killing and skinning has already existed among ordinary Chinese folks for 20 years, or perhaps even longer.
The degree of civilization of a country can be seen from its attitude towards animals.



Ordos 100


2011, video, 1h 1m[131]


This documentary is about the construction project curated by Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei. One hundred architects from 27 countries were chosen to participate and design a 1000 square meter villa to be built in a new community in Inner Mongolia. The 100 villas would be designed to fit a master plan designed by Ai Weiwei.
On 25 January 2008, the 100 architects gathered in Ordos for a first site visit. The film Ordos 100 documents the total of three site visits to Ordos, during which time the master plan and design of each villa was completed. As of 2016, the Ordos 100 project remains unrealized.



So Sorry


2011, video, 54m[132]


As a sequel to Ai Weiwei's film Lao Ma Ti Hua, the film So Sorry (named after the artist's 2009 exhibition in Munich, Germany) shows the beginnings of the tension between Ai Weiwei and the Chinese Government. In Lao Ma Ti Hua, Ai Weiwei travels to Chengdu, Sichuan to attend the trial of the civil rights advocate Tan Zuoren, as a witness. So Sorry shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police.



Ping'an Yueqing


2011, video, 2h 22m[133]


This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010.
During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government. The film crew was followed, sometimes physically stopped from shooting certain scenes and there were even attempts to buy off footage. All villagers interviewed for the purposes of this documentary have been interrogated or illegally detained by local government to some extent.



The Crab House


2011, video, 1h 1m[134]


Early in 2008, the district government of Jiading, Shanghai invited Ai Weiwei to build a studio in Malu Township, as a part of the local government's efforts in developing its cultural assets. By August 2010, the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio completed all of its construction work. In October 2010, the Shanghai government declared the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio an illegal construction, and was subjected to demolition. On 7 November 2010, when Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest by public security in Beijing, over 1,000 netizens attended the "River Crab Feast" at the Shanghai Studio.
On 11 January 2011, the Shanghai city government forcibly demolished the Ai Weiwei Studio within a day, without any prior notice.



Stay Home


2013, video, 1h 17m[135]


This video tells the story of Liu Ximei, who at her birth in 1985 was given to relatives to be raised because she was born in violation of China's strict one-child policy. When she was ten years old, Liu was severely injured while working in the fields and lost large amounts of blood. While undergoing treatment at a local hospital, she was given a blood transfusion that was later revealed to be contaminated with HIV. Following this exposure to the virus, Liu contracted AIDS. According to official statistics, in 2001 there were 850,000 AIDS sufferers in China, many of whom contracted the illness in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of a widespread plasma market operating in rural, impoverished areas and using unsafe collection methods.



Ai Weiwei's Appeal ¥15,220,910.50


2014, video, 2h 8m[136]


Ai Weiwei's Appeal ¥15,220,910.50 opens with Ai Weiwei's mother at the Venice Biennial in the summer of 2013 examining Ai's large S.A.C.R.E.D. installation portraying his 81-day imprisonment. The documentary goes onto chronologically reconstruct the events that occurred from the time he was arrested at the Beijing airport in April 2011 to his final court appeal in September 2012. The film portrays the day-to-day activity surrounding Ai Weiwei, his family and his associates ranging from consistent visits by the authorities, interviews with reporters, support and donations from fans, and court dates.
The Film premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on 23 January 2014.



Fukushima Art Project


2015, video, 30m[137]


This documentary on the Fukushima Art Project is about artist Ai Weiwei's investigation of the site as well as the project's installation process.
In August 2014, Ai Weiwei was invited as one of the participating artists for the Fukushima Nuclear Zone by the Japanese art coalition Chim↑Pom, as part of the project Don't Follow the Wind . Ai accepted the invitation and sent his assistant Ma Yan to the exclusion zone in Japan to investigate the site.
The Fukushima Nuclear Exclusion Zone is thus far located within the 20-kilometer radius of land area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. 25,000 people have already been evacuated from the Exclusion Zone. Both water and electric circuits were cut off. Entrance restriction is expected to be relieved in the next thirty years, or even longer. The art project will also be open to public at that time. The three spots usable as exhibition spaces by the artists are all former residential houses, among which exhibition site one and two were used for working and lodging; and exhibition site three was used as a community entertainment facility with an ostrich farm.
Ai brought about two projects, A Ray of Hope and Family Album after analyzing materials and information generated from the site.
In A Ray of Hope, a solar photovoltaic system is built on exhibition site one, on the second level of the old warehouse. Integral LED lighting devices are used in the two rooms. The lights would turn on automatically from 7 to 10 pm, and from 6 to 8 am daily. This lighting system is the only light source in the Exclusion Zone after this project was installed.
Photos of Ai and his studio staff at Caochangdi that make up project Family Album are displayed on exhibition site two and three, in the seven rooms where locals used to live. The twenty-two selected photos are divided in five categories according to types of event spanning eight years. Among these photos, six of them were taken from the site investigation at the 2008 Sichuan earthquake; two were taken during the time when he was illegally detained after pleading the Tan Zuoren case in Chengdu, China in August 2009; and three others taken during his surgical treatment for his head injury from being attacked in the head by police officers in Chengdu; five taken of him being followed by the police and his Beijing studio Fake Design under surveillance due to the studio tax case from 2011 to 2012; four are photos of Ai Weiwei and his family from year 2011 to year 2013; and the other two were taken earlier of him in his studio in Caochangdi (One taken in 2005 and the other in 2006).



Human Flow


Main article: Human Flow

A feature documentary directed by Weiwei and co-produced by Andy Cohen about the global refugee crisis.[138]



Visual arts





Sunflower Seeds, 2010





Trees, 2010




Dog's head sculpture, Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads, 2011





F Grass, 2014





Forever, 2018, Artz Pedregal, Mexico City


Ai's visual art includes sculptural installations, woodworking, video and photography. "Ai Weiwei: According to What," adapted and expanded by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden from a 2009 exhibition at Tokyo's Mori Art Museum, was Ai's first North American museum retrospective.
[139]
It opened at the Hirshhorn in Washington, D.C. in 2013, and subsequently traveled to the Brooklyn Museum, New York,
[140]
and two other venues. His works address his investigation into the aftermath of the Sichuan earthquake and responses to the Chinese government's detention and surveillance of him.
[141]
His recent public pieces have called attention to the Syrian refugee crisis.[142]



Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn


(1995) Performance in which Ai lets an ancient ceramic urn fall from his hands and smash to pieces on the ground. The performance was memorialized in a series of three photographic still frames.[143]



Map of China


(2008) Sculpture resembling a park bench or tree trunk, but its cross-section is a map of China. It is four metres long and weighs 635 kilograms. It is made from wood salvaged from Qing Dynasty temples.[144]



Table with two legs on the wall


(2008) Ming dynasty table cut in half and rejoined at a right angle to rest two feet on the wall and two on the floor. The reconstruction was completed using Chinese period specific joinery techniques.[145]



Straight


(2008–2012) 150 tons of twisted steel reinforcements recovered from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake building collapse sites were straightened out and displayed as an installation.[146]



Sunflower Seeds


(2010) Opening in October 2010 at the Tate Museum in London, Ai displayed 100 million handmade and painted porcelain sunflower seeds. These seeds weighed about 150 tons and were made over a span of two and a half years by 1,600 Jingdezhen artisans. This city made porcelain for the government for over one thousand years. The artisans produced the sunflower seeds in the traditional method that the city is known for, in which a thirty step procedure is employed. The sculpture relates back to chairman Mao's rule and the Chinese Communist Party. The combination of all the seeds represents that together, the people of China can stand up and overthrow the Chinese Communist Party. Along with this, the seeds represent China's growing mass production stemming from the consumerist culture in the west. The sculpture directly challenges the "Made in China" mantra that China is known for, considering the labor-intensive and traditional method of creating the work.[147]



Surveillance Camera


(2010) Sculptures in marble to resemble the cameras placed in front of Ai's studio.[148]



Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads


(2011) Sculptures of zodiac animals inspired by the water clock-fountain at the Old Summer Palace.[149]



Coca Cola Vase


(2014) Han dynasty vase with the Coca-Cola logo brushed on in red acrylic paint.[150]



Grapes


(2014) 32 Qing dynasty stools joined together in a cluster with legs pointing out.[151]



Free-speech Puzzle


(2014) Individual porcelain ornaments, each painted with characters for "free speech", which when set together form a map of China.[152]



Trace


(2014) Consisting of 176 2D-portraits in Lego which are set onto a large floor space, Trace was commissioned by the FOR-SITE Foundation, the United States National Park Service and the Golden Gate Park Conservancy. The original installation was at Alcatraz Prison in San Francisco Bay; the 176 portraits being of various political prisoners and prisoners of conscience. After seeing one million visitors during its one-year display at Alcatraz, the installation was moved and put on display at the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, D.C. (in a modified form; the pieces had to be arranged to fit the circular floor space). The display at the Hirshhorn ran from 28 June 2017 – 1 January 2018. The display also included two versions of his wallpaper work The Animal That Looks Like a Llama but Is Really an Alpaca and a video running on a loop.[153]



Law of the Journey


(2017) As the culmination of Ai's experiences visiting 40 refugee camps in 2016, Law of the Journey featured an all-black, 230-foot-long inflatable boat carrying 258 faceless refugee figures. The art piece is currently on display at the National Gallery in Prague until 7 January 2018.[154]



Two Iron Trees at The Shrine of Book


(2017) Permanent exhibit, unique setting of two Iron Trees from now on frame the Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem, Israel where Dead Sea Scrolls are preserved[155][156]



Journey of Laziz


(2017) The exhibition was on the view in the Israel Museum until the end of October 2017. Journey of Laziz is a video installation, showing mental breakdown and overall suffering of tiger living in the "world's worst ZOO" in Gaza[155][156]



Hansel and Gretel


(2017) The exhibition at the Park Avenue Armory from 7 June- 6 August 2017, Hansel and Gretel was an installation exploring the theme of surveillance. The project, a collaboration of Ai Weiwei and architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, features surveillance cameras equipped with facial recognition software, near-infrared floor projections, tethered, autonomous drones and sonar beacons. A companion website includes a curatorial statement, artist biographies, a livestream of the installation and a timeline of surveillance technology from ancient to modern times.[157]



The Animal That Looks Like a Llama but Is Really an Alpaca


(2017) The Animal That Looks Like a Llama but Is Really an Alpaca, and its companion piece The Plain Version of The Animal That Looks Like a Llama but Is Really an Alpaca, is a wallpaper work consiting of intricate tiled patterns showing various pieces of surveillance equipment in whimsical arrangements. The two pieces were installed at the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, D.C., as part of a full-floor exhibition of his work that also included a video and the 2014 installation Trace.[153]



Good Fences Make Good Neighbors


Ai Weiwei's 2017–18 New York City-wide public art exhibition.



Forever Bicycles





Forever Bicycles, 2017, Austin, Texas.


Forever Bicycles is a 32-foot sculpture of 1,300 bicycles in Austin, Texas, which was installed in 2017.[158]



Forever


A sculpture of many bicycles is displayed as public art in the gardens of the Artz Pedregal shopping mall in Mexico City since its opening in March 2018.



Priceless


A collaboration with conceptual artist Kevin Abosch primarily made up of two standard ERC-20 tokens on the Ethereum blockchain, called PRICELESS (PRCLS is its symbol). One of these tokens is forever unavailable to anyone, but the other is meant for distribution and is divisible up to 18 decimal places, meaning it can be given away one quintillionth at a time. A nominal amount of the distributable token was “burned” (put into digital wallets with the keys thrown away), and these wallet addresses were printed on paper and sold to art buyers in a series of 12 physical works. Each wallet address alphanumeric is a proxy for a shared moment between Abosch and Ai.[159]



Architecture



Jinhua Park




"Archaeological Archives" designed by Ai Weiwei inside the Jinhua Architecture Park.


In 2002, he was the curator of the project Jinhua Architecture Park.



Tsai Residence


In 2006, Ai and HHF Architects designed a private residence in upstate New York.[160] According to The New York Times, the Tsai Residence is divided into four modules and the details are "extraordinarily refined".[160][161] In 2009, the Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design selected the home for its International Architecture Awards, one of the world's most prestigious global awards for new architecture, landscape architecture, interiors and urban planning.[162] In 2010, Wallpaper magazine nominated the residence for its Wallpaper Design Awards category: Best New Private House.[163] A detached guesthouse, also designed by Ai and HHF Architects, was completed after the main house and, according to New York Magazine, looks like a "floating boomerang of rusty Cor-Ten steel."[164]



Ordos 100


In 2008, Ai curated the architecture project Ordos 100 in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. He invited 100 architects from 29 countries to participate in this project.[165]



Beijing National Stadium




The Beijing National Stadium at night during the 2008 Summer Olympics


Ai was commissioned as the artistic consultant for design, collaborating with the Swiss firm Herzog & de Meuron, for the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics, also known as the "Bird's Nest."[166] Although ignored by the Chinese media, he had voiced his anti-Olympics views.[3] He later distanced himself from the project, saying, "I've already forgotten about it. I turn down all the demands to have photographs with it," saying it is part of a "pretend smile" of bad taste.[167][168] In August 2007, he also accused those choreographing the Olympic opening ceremony, including Steven Spielberg and Zhang Yimou, of failing to live up to their responsibility as artists. Ai said "It's disgusting. I don't like anyone who shamelessly abuses their profession, who makes no moral judgment."[169] In February 2008, Spielberg withdrew from his role as advisor to the 2008 Summer Olympics.[170][171] When asked why he participated in the designing of the Bird's Nest in the first place, Ai replied "I did it because I love design."[172]



Serpentine Pavilion


In summer 2012, Ai teamed again with Herzog & de Meuron on a "would-be archaeological site [as] a game of make-believe and fleeting memory" as the year's temporary Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London's Kensington Gardens.[173][174]



Artist's Books



Venice Elegy


This edition of Yang Lian’s poems and Ai Weiwei’s visual images was realized by the publishing house Damocle Edizioni – Venice in 200 numbered copies on Fabriano Paper. The book was printed with the Printing Press at the Stamperia del Tintoretto di Venezia – Venice, May 2018. Every book is hand signed by Yang Lian and Ai Weiwei.



Music


On 24 October 2012, Ai went live with a cover of Gangnam Style,[175] the famous K-pop phenomenon by South Korean rapper PSY, through the posting of a four-minute long parody video on YouTube. The video was an attempt to criticize the Chinese government's attempt to silence his activism and was quickly blocked by national authorities.


On 22 May 2013, Ai debuted his first single Dumbass over the internet, with a music video shot by cinematographer Christopher Doyle. The video was a reconstruction of Ai's experience in prison, during his 81-day detention, and dives in and out of the prison's reality and the guarding soldiers' fantasies.[176] He later released a second single, Laoma Tihua, on 20 June 2013 along with a video on his experience of state surveillance, with footage compiled from his studio's documentaries.[177] On 22 June 2013, the two-year anniversary of Ai's release, he released his first music album The Divine Comedy.[178] Later in August, he released a third music video for the song Chaoyang Park, also included in the album.[179]



Other engagements


Ai is the Artistic Director of China Art Archives & Warehouse (CAAW), which he co-founded in 1997. This contemporary art archive and experimental gallery in Beijing concentrates on experimental art from the People's Republic of China, initiates and facilitates exhibitions and other forms of introductions inside and outside China.[180] The building which houses it was designed by Ai in 2000.[181]


On 15 March 2010, Ai took part in Digital Activism in China, a discussion hosted by The Paley Media Center in New York with Jack Dorsey (founder of Twitter) and Richard MacManus.[182] Also in 2010 he served as jury member for Future Generation Art Prize, Kiev, Ukraine; contributed design for Comme de Garcons Aoyama Store, Tokyo, Japan; and participated in a talk with Nobel Prize winner Herta Müller at the International Culture festival Litcologne in Cologne, Germany.


In 2011, Ai sat on the jury of an international initiative to find a universal Logo for Human Rights. The winning design, combining the silhouette of a hand with that of a bird, was chosen from more than 15,300 suggestions from over 190 countries. The initiative's goal was to create an internationally recognized logo to support the global human rights movement.[98] In 2013, after the existence of the PRISM surveillance program was revealed, Ai said "Even though we know governments do all kinds of things I was shocked by the information about the US surveillance operation, Prism. To me, it's abusively using government powers to interfere in individuals' privacy. This is an important moment for international society to reconsider and protect individual rights."[99]


In 2012, Ai interviewed a member of the 50 Cent Party, a group of "online commentators" (otherwise known as sockpuppets) covertly hired by the Chinese government to post "comments favourable towards party policies and [intending] to shape public opinion on internet message boards and forums".[183] Keeping Ai's source anonymous, the transcript was published by the British magazine New Statesman on 17 October 2012, offering insights on the education, life, methods and tactics used by professional trolls serving pro-government interests.


Ai designed the cover for 17 June 2013 issue of Time magazine. The cover story, by Hannah Beech, is "How China Sees the World".[184] TIME Magazine called it "the most beautiful cover we've ever done in our history."[185]


In 2011, Ai served as co-director and curator of the 2011 Gwangju Design Biennale, and co-curator of the exhibition Shanshui at The Museum of Art Lucerne.[186] Also in 2011, Ai spoke at TED (conference) and was a guest lecturer at Oslo School of Architecture and Design.


In 2013, Ai became a Reporters Without Borders ambassador.[187] He also gave a hundred pictures to the NGO in order to release a Photo book and a digital album, both sold in order to fund freedom of information projects.[188][189]


In 2014–2015, Ai explored human rights and freedom of expression through an exhibition of his art exclusively created for Alcatraz, a notorious federal penitentiary in San Francisco Bay. Ai's @Large exhibit raised questions and contradictions about human rights and the freedom of expression through his artwork at the island's layered legacy as a 19th-century military fortress.[190] Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei has used thousands of life jackets in two different installation to draw attention to refugees who have drowned while trying to reach Europe.


In February 2016, Ai WeiWei attached 14,000 bright orange life jackets to the columns of the Konzerthaus in Berlin. The life jackets had been discarded by refugees arriving on the shore on the Greek island of Lesbos. Later that year, he installed a different piece, also using discarded life jackets, at the pond at the Belvedere Palace in Vienna.



Awards and honors


2008
Chinese Contemporary Art Awards, Lifetime Achievement


2009
GQ Men of the Year 2009, Moral Courage (Germany); The Art Review Power 100, rank 43; International Architecture Awards, Anthenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design, Chicago, USA


2010
In March 2010, Ai received an Honorary Doctorate Degree from the Faculty of Politics and Social Science, University of Ghent, Belgium.[191]


In September 2010, Ai received Das Glas der Vernunft (The Prism of Reason), Kassel Citizen Award, Kassel, Germany.[192]


Ai was ranked 13th in ArtReview's guide to the 100 most powerful figures in contemporary art: Power 100, 2010.[193] In 2010, he was also awarded a Wallpaper Design Award for the Tsai Residence, which won Best New Private House.[194]


2011
On 20 April 2011, Ai was appointed Visiting Professor of the Berlin University of the Arts.[195]


In October 2011, when ArtReview magazine named Ai number one in their annual Power 100 list, the decision was criticized by the Chinese authorities. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Weimin responded, "China has many artists who have sufficient ability. We feel that a selection that is based purely on a political bias and perspective has violated the objectives of the magazine".[196]


In December 2011, Ai was one of four runners-up in Time's Person of the Year award.[197] Other awards included: Wall Street Journal Innovators Award (Art); Foreign Policy Top Global Thinkers of 2011, rank 18; The Bianca Jagger Human Rights Foundation Award for Courage; ArtReview Power 100, rank 1; Membership at the Academy of Arts, Berlin, Germany; The 2011 TIME 100; The Wallpaper* 150; Honorary Academician at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK; and Skowhegan Medal for Multidisciplinary Art, New York, NY, USA.


2012
Along with Saudi Arabian women's rights activist Manal al-Sharif and Burmese dissident Aung San Suu Kyi, Ai received the inaugural Václav Havel Prize for Creative Dissent of the Human Rights Foundation on 2 May 2012.[198] Ai was also awarded an Honorary Degree from Pratt Institute, honorary fellowship from Royal Institute of British Architects, elected as Foreign Member of Royal Swedish Academy of Arts, and recipient of The International Center of Photography Cornell Capa Award. Ai was ranked 3rd in ArtReview's Power 100. He was one of 12 Visionaries honoured by Conde Nast Traveler, along with Hillary Clinton, Kofi Annan, and Nelson Mandela.[199]


2013 In April, Ai received the Appraisers Association Award for Excellence in the Arts.[200] Fast Company has listed him among its 2013 list of 100 Most Creative People in Business.[201] His guest-edit in 18 October issue of The New Statesman has won an Amnesty Media Award in June 2013.[202] He has received the St. Moritz Art Masters Lifetime Achievement Award by Cartier in August.[203] His documentary Ping'an Yueqing (2012) has won the "Spirit of Independence" award at the Beijing Independent Film Festival. He was ranked no.9 in ArtReview's Power 100.[204] He received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts at the Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, USA.


2015
On 21 May 2015, Ai, along with the folk singer Joan Baez, received Amnesty International's Ambassador of Conscience Award, in Berlin,[205] for showing exceptional leadership in the fight for human rights, through his life and work.[206] The artist, who was at the time under surveillance and forbidden from leaving China, could not take part in the ceremony. His son Ai Lao accepted the prize on behalf of his father, called on the stage by Tate Modern director, Chris Dercon, who also spoke on behalf of the Chinese activist.[207] Ai Weiwei wanted to pay tribute to those people in worse conditions than him, including civil rights lawyer Pu Zhiqiang who faces eight years in prison, imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize-winning poet Liu Xiaobo, journalist Gao Yu, women's rights activist Su Changlan, activist Liu Ping and academic Ilham Tohti.



See also





  • 83598 Aiweiwei – Asteroid named after Ai Weiwei

  • WeiweiCam




References





  1. ^ Son of Ai Qing, modern chinese poets, birth name Jiang Zhenghan.


  2. ^ "Ai Weiwei". wolseleymedia.com.au. 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    [permanent dead link]


  3. ^ ab Cooper, Rafi (6 July 2008). "Cultural revolutionary". The Observer. UK. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  4. ^ "China's New Faces: Ai Weiwei". BBC News. 3 March 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2010.


  5. ^ Osnos, Evan, "It's Not Beautiful", The New Yorker, 24 May 2010 pp.54–63.


  6. ^ Wong, Edward (7 April 2011). "Chinese Defend Detention of Artist on Grounds of 'Economic Crimes'". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 September 2013.


  7. ^ Johnson, Steve. "Ai Weiwei: A 'misfit' in Chicago, a serious artist/activist who likes Instagram and works in Legos". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2018-05-04.


  8. ^ "Ai Weiwei". Current Biography Yearbook 2011. Ipswich, MA: H.W. Wilson. 2011. pp. 12–15. ISBN 9780824211219.


  9. ^ Merewether, Charles, Ruins in Reverse, in Ai Weiwei: Under Construction, University of New South Wales press, Sydney, 2008, pp.29.


  10. ^ "Art key to freedom of expression". Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  11. ^ ab "Ai Weiwei". Groninger Museum. 28 February 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  12. ^ Exhibition at Brooklyn Museum, 18 April – 10 August 2014. Ai Weiwei, "According to What?"


  13. ^ "TOEFL: The test that changed China". GBTIMES. Retrieved 2018-07-13.


  14. ^ Yau， John (5 September 2011). "AI WEIWEI New York Photographs 1983 – 1993". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved 17 January 2017.


  15. ^ Aloi, Daniel (15 November 2006). "Ai Weiwei literally smashes China's traditions in art and architecture". Cornell University. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  16. ^ Weiss, Jerry. (20 October 2014) LINEA: Making/Breaking Traditions: Teachers of Ai Weiwei. Asllinea.org. Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  17. ^ Obrist, Hans Ulrich (2011). Ai Weiwei Speaks. London: Penguin. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-241-95754-7.


  18. ^ Tancock, John. "Prelude: Ai Weiwei in New York", in Ai Weiwei: New York Photographs 1983–1993. Three Shadows Photography Art Center, Beijing and Chambers Fine Art, Beijing/New York, 2010.


  19. ^ Wong, Edward (13 April 2011). "Arrest of Chinese Artist Angers U.S. Blackjack Players". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2011.


  20. ^ Meisher, Nick (12 April 2011). "Arrested Chinese Blackjack Guru Ai WeiWei also an Artist and activist". BlackjackChamp.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.


  21. ^ Wong, Curtis (13 April 2011). "Arrest of Ai Weiwei, Detained Chinese Dissident Artist, Angers U.S. Blackjack Players". HuffPost. USA. Retrieved 22 June 2011.


  22. ^ Toy, Mary-Anne (19 January 2008). "The artist as an angry man". The Age. Australia. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  23. ^ Napack, Jonathan (2 August 2004). Ai Weiwei: Works Beijing 1993–2003. Timezone 8. p. 148. ISBN 978-988-97262-8-7.


  24. ^ Tinari, Philip (1 June 2007). "A kind of True Living: The art of Ai Weiwei". Retrieved 19 January 2011.


  25. ^ Vulliamy, Ed (29 June 2008). "The nest generation". The Observer. UK. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  26. ^ Meacham, Steve (24 April 2008). "Child of the revolution in revolt". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  27. ^
    Wong, Edward (21 June 2012). "Chinese Dissident Artist Ends Yearlong Probation". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2013.


  28. ^ Ai, Weiwei (2011). Ai Weiwei's Blog: Writings, Interviews, and Digital Rants 2006–2009. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.


  29. ^ "艾未未 Ai Weiwei (@aiww) | Twitter". twitter.com. Retrieved 2018-07-16.


  30. ^ Ai on Twitter[non-primary source needed]


  31. ^ "Iran: Filmmaker faces prison after three-minute trial". www.amnesty.org.uk. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
    [better source needed]


  32. ^ Ai, Weiwei (2011). Ai Weiwei's Blog: Writings, Interviews, and Digital Rants 2006–2009. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-262-01521-9.


  33. ^ Ai Weiwei (14 April 2009). 5.12遇难学生名单 补充 (八十四) 09.04.11 [5.12 list of student victims supplement (84) 09.04.11] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.


  34. ^ "China cracks down on outspoken artist". CBC News. 12 July 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2009.


  35. ^ Grube, Katherine (Jul/Aug 2009) "Ai Weiwei Challenges China’s Government Over Earthquake"


  36. ^ "Chinese artist gets emergency brain surgery in Munich – The Local". Thelocal.de. Retrieved 6 April 2011.


  37. ^ "Operation in Munich: Chinese Artist Accuses Government for Injury". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.


  38. ^ Wines, Michael (28 November 2009). "China's Impolitic Artist, Still Waiting to Be Silenced". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010.


  39. ^ Anderlini, Jamil (15 January 2010). "The Chinese dissident's 'unknown visitors'". Financial Times.


  40. ^ Ai Weiwei under house arrest, The Guardian, 5 November 2010.


  41. ^ ab Branigan, Tania & Gabbatt, Adam (3 November 2010)."Ai Weiwei's Shanghai art studio to be demolished" The Guardian


  42. ^ Zheng Yi and Yang Ruoyu (7 April 2011) "Ai Weiwei investigated for economic crimes" Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Global Times.


  43. ^ "An update on Chinese dissent artist Ai Weiwei's latest protests". Asiapacificarts.usc.edu. Retrieved 6 April 2011.


  44. ^ China: 2 Intellectuals Barred From Leaving the Country,The New York Times, 3 December 2010


  45. ^ China Nobel row: Artist Ai Weiwei stopped from leaving, BBC News, 3 December 2010


  46. ^ Chinese Authorities Raze an Artist’s Studio, The New York Times,


  47. ^ China artist Ai Weiwei's Shanghai studio demolished, BBC, 12 January 2011


  48. ^ Denyer, Simon (3 April 2011). "Chinese artist Ai Weiwei arrested in ongoing government crackdown". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 April 2011.


  49. ^ Branigan, Tania; Watts, Jonathan (3 April 2011). "Ai Weiwei detained by Chinese police". The Guardian. London.


  50. ^ "Law will not concede before maverick". Global Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2011.


  51. ^ "Chinese artist Ai Weiwei held for 'economic crimes'". BBC. 7 April 2011.


  52. ^ "China omits Ai Weiwei references from transcript". BBC. 8 April 2011.


  53. ^ "Free Ai Weiwei". freeaiweiwei.org.


  54. ^ Wong, Edward (7 April 2011). "Chinese Defend Detention of Artist on Grounds of 'Economic Crimes'". The New York Times.


  55. ^ ab Staff reporter (13 April 2011). "Ai Weiwei offered CPPCC role before arrest, staff say", South China Morning Post


  56. ^ Richburg, Keith B. (3 April 2011)."Chinese artist Ai Weiwei arrested in latest government crackdown", The Washington Post


  57. ^ Twitter (8 April 2011).


  58. ^ Clem, Will & Choi Chi-yuk (6 April 2011). "Beijing's silence an ominous signal", South China Morning Post


  59. ^ "Ai Weiwei's whereabouts still unknown". RTHK.


  60. ^ ab Bandurski, David (19 April 2011) "How state media used to report on Ai Weiwei", China Media Project, University of Hong Kong


  61. ^ "Law will not concede before maverick" Archived 16 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Global Times, 6 April 2011


  62. ^ "Political activism cannot be a legal shield " Archived 12 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Global Times, 8 April 2011


  63. ^ Ching, Frank (13 April 2011). "A case of nonsense", South China Morning Post op ed.


  64. ^ Sheridan, Michael (11 April 2011). "Ai Weiwei held for 'obscene' political art", The Times


  65. ^ 艾未未是个什么东西 Archived 5 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Wen Wei Po 18 April 2011


  66. ^ 假艺术家的真面目 Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Wen Wei Po 19 April 2011


  67. ^ Branigan, Tania (14 April 2011). "Ai Weiwei confessing to crimes, says state-run newspaper", The Guardian


  68. ^ Demick, Barbara (7 April 2011) "China accuses dissident artist Ai Weiwei of 'economic crimes", Los Angeles Times


  69. ^ Davis, Ben (18 April 2011). "'1,001 Chairs for Ai Weiwei' Protesters Wouldn't Stand For Chinese Oppression" Art+Auction.


  70. ^ Taylor, Kate (14 April 2011). "Arts Group Calls for Worldwide Sit-In for Ai Weiwei". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.


  71. ^ ab "Madre de Ai Weiwei habla sobre la detención de su hijo". La Gran Época (Da JiYuan). 30 June 2011. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.


  72. ^ Taipei art center calls for release of Ai Weiwei 15 April 2011


  73. ^ Terry Teachout (27 May 2011) "Have Our Cultural Stewards Abandoned One of Their Own?", Wall Street Journal


  74. ^ 'Culture Monster' blog (8 April 2011). "LACMA, other museums demand release of Ai Weiwei in petition". Los Angeles Times


  75. ^ "欧洲作家致温家宝联署签名信 吁请释放艾未未". Aboluowang.com. Retrieved 22 June 2011.


  76. ^ Michael Wines, China Allows Dissident Artist’s Wife to Visit Him, The New York Times, 16 May 2011.


  77. ^ "Ai Weiwei film to open Toronto's Hot Docs festival". CBC News. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.


  78. ^ "Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei Released, On Probation". June 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-23.


  79. ^ "Ai Weiwei released on bail". Xinhua News Agency.


  80. ^ "Ai Weiwei 'cannot leave Beijing without permission'". BBC. 23 June 2011.


  81. ^ "Chinese artist Ai Weiwei: Free in body, not voice". Associated Press. 23 June 2011.


  82. ^ "Chinese state media say artist Ai Weiwei released from detainment". Los Angeles Times. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.


  83. ^ "王友金相信艾未未吉多兇少" (in Chinese). Yahoo! News. 23 June 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  84. ^ Radio Free Asia艾未未本台独家采访：感谢香港各界声援支持|


  85. ^ Denyer, Simon (14 July 2011). "Ai Weiwei's sister gives details of his confinement". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 August 2008.


  86. ^ Watts, Jonathan (18 November 2011). "Ai Weiwei investigated over nude art". The Guardian. London.


  87. ^ Coonan, Clifford (19 November 2011). "Picture that put Ai Weiwei's assistants in porn inquiry". The Independent. London.


  88. ^ Branigan, Tania (29 November 2011). "Chinese police question Ai Weiwei's wife". The Guardian. London.


  89. ^ Coonan, Clifford (30 November 2011). "Ai Weiwei's wife detained by police". The Independent. London.


  90. ^ Camille, J.J. (January 2012). "At Home with Ai Weiwei". Art in America. No. International Review. pp. 66–69.


  91. ^ "China's Ai Weiwei threatened with bigamy, pornography charges". Reuters. 21 June 2012.


  92. ^ "Ai Weiwei Says He Is Barred From Leaving China". NPR.


  93. ^ Cumming, Laura (18 May 2014). "Ai Weiwei and Ursula Von Rydingsvard at Yorkshire Sculpture Park – review". The Observer. London.


  94. ^ "Ai Weiwei: Absent friend". The Economist. London. 9 April 2014.


  95. ^ Whiteman, Hilary (22 July 2015). "After 600 days, China returns passport to artist Ai Weiwei". CNN. Retrieved 22 July 2015.


  96. ^ "China demands Ai Weiwei pay $1.85 million in taxes, fines". Reuters. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  97. ^ Jacons, Andrew (29 June 2011) Lawyer for Released Chinese Artist Seeks Review on Taxes. The New York Times


  98. ^ Ai, Weiwei. "The Case". The Fake Case. Ai Weiwei Studio. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.


  99. ^ "Chinese authorities agree to review Ai Weiwei tax case". BBC News. 6 January 2012.


  100. ^ "Outspoken Chinese artist Ai Weiwei warned not to attend his company's tax hearing". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2012-06-24.


  101. ^ Jacobs, Andrew (20 June 2012). "Chinese Artist Is Barred From His Own Hearing". The New York Times.


  102. ^ "Ai Weiwei tax evasion appeal rejected by Chinese court". The Guardian. London. 20 July 2012.


  103. ^ "China artist Ai Weiwei's tax evasion appeal rejected". BBC. 20 July 2012.


  104. ^ "Chinese Artist Vows to Fight Latest Tax Ruling". The Wall Street Journal. 20 July 2012.


  105. ^ "Chinese Court Upholds Fine Against Dissident Ai Weiwei". International Business Time. 27 September 2012.


  106. ^ "Ai Weiwei: I Won't Pay". China Realtime Report. 27 September 2012.


  107. ^ Branigan, Tania (1 October 2012). "Ai Weiwei Firm to be Closed down by Chinese Authorities". The Guardian. London.


  108. ^ ab [1], Ai Weiwei Erased From Show in Shanghai – The New York Times.


  109. ^ Instagram. Instagram (26 April 2014). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  110. ^ abc "Ai Weiwei Posts Curator Transcripts After Censorship Row", Hyperallergic.


  111. ^ "Ai Weiwei Pulls Work from Hans van Dijk Show", randian.


  112. ^ Ai Weiwei (1 June 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  113. ^ Ai Weiwei (1 June 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  114. ^ Ai Weiwei (1 June 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  115. ^ Ai Weiwei (1 June 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  116. ^ Ai Weiwei (1 June 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  117. ^ Ai Weiwei (31 May 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  118. ^ Ai Weiwei (31 May 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  119. ^ Ai Weiwei (31 May 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  120. ^ Ai Weiwei (31 May 2014). "Instagram post" – via Instagram.


  121. ^ Fairytale 《童话》. YouTube (18 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  122. ^ Holzwarth, Hans W. (2009). 100 Contemporary Artists A-Z (Taschen's 25th anniversary special ed.). Köln: Taschen. p. 16. ISBN 978-3-8365-1490-3.


  123. ^ Little Girl's Cheeks 《花臉巴兒》 English Subtitles. YouTube (28 November 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  124. ^ 4851. YouTube (12 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  125. ^ A Beautiful Life 《美好生活》. YouTube (19 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  126. ^ Disturbing the Peace 《老妈蹄花》 English Subtitles. YouTube (28 November 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  127. ^ One Recluse 《一个孤僻的人》. YouTube (10 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  128. ^ Hua Hao Yue Yuan 《花好月圆》. YouTube (16 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  129. ^ Remembrance 《念》. YouTube (17 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  130. ^ Sanhua《三花》. YouTube (18 May 2011). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  131. ^ 《鄂尔多斯100》. YouTube. Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  132. ^ So sorry《深表遗憾》 English Subtitles. YouTube (15 December 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  133. ^ 《平安乐清》 English Subtitles. YouTube (24 January 2013). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  134. ^ The Crab House 《河蟹房子》 English Subtitles. YouTube (6 November 2012). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  135. ^ Stay Home 《喜梅》 English Subtitles. YouTube (30 November 2013). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  136. ^ Ai Weiwei’s Appeal ¥15,220,910.50 English Subtitles. YouTube (22 December 2014). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  137. ^ Fukushima Art Project – Ai Weiwei – 2015. YouTube (24 September 2015). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  138. ^ https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/world-renowned-artist-and-filmmaker-ai-weiwei-teams-with-participant-media-and-ac-films-on-human-flow-613407083.html


  139. ^ "Hirshhorn Presents "Ai Weiwei: According to What?"". Newsdesk (Smithsonian Institution). 27 September 2012.


  140. ^ "Brooklyn Museum: Ai Weiwei: According to What?". Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  141. ^ Horowitz, Deborah E. (2012). Ai Weiwei: According to What?. Munich: Prestel Verlag. p. 7. ISBN 978-3-7913-6443-8.


  142. ^ "Ai Weiwei poses as drowned Syrian infant refugee in 'haunting' photo". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  143. ^ "A Weiwei Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn". sotheby's.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  144. ^ "Map of China". metmuseum.org. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  145. ^ "Ai Weiwei Table with Two Legs on the Wall (2008)". Artsy.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  146. ^ "Ai Weiwei's RA show to house weighty remnants from Sichuan earthquake". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  147. ^ "About Ai Weiwei's Sunflower Seeds." Ai Weiwei. Faurschou Foundation, n.d. Web. 29 March 2017.


  148. ^ "Ai Weiwei". Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  149. ^ "Ai Weiwei – Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads". ZodiacHeads.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  150. ^ "Ai Weiwei Coca Cola Vase". Sotheby's.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  151. ^ "Ai Weiwei at Sotheby's London". Sotheby's.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  152. ^ "Ai Weiwei at Royal Academy of Arts". Artsy.net. Retrieved 5 May 2017.


  153. ^ ab Barone, Joshua (22 May 2017). "Ai Weiwei's Lego Portraits of Activists Head to the Hirshhorn Museum". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 January 2018.


  154. ^ "Ai Weiwei's Epic Refugee Boat Installation Is His Largest Work to Date". HYPEBEAST. Retrieved 27 April 2017.


  155. ^ ab "AI WEIWEI: Suffering of the Animal from Gaza ZOO shown at Israel Museum – Shalla-Bal". Shalla-Bal. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.


  156. ^ ab The Israel Museum, Jerusalem (3 July 2017), Opening Lecture | Ai Weiwei | Maybe, Maybe Not, retrieved 18 July 2017


  157. ^ Smith, Roberta (8 June 2017). "Watch Out: You're in Ai Weiwei's Surveillance Zone". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 July 2017.


  158. ^ Becker, Jerry (4 June 2017). "Ai Weiwei's 'Forever Bicycles' to grace Waller Delta for at least 18 months". KXAN. Retrieved 29 October 2018.


  159. ^ "Artists Ai Weiwei and Kevin Abosch Are Using the Blockchain to Make Us Question What's 'PRICELESS'". Motherboard. 2018-08-17. Retrieved 2018-10-14.


  160. ^ ab "Global Summit", The New York Times (7 November 2008)


  161. ^ Nicholson, Louise (1 November 2006). "Art to live with". Apollo. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
    [dead link]


  162. ^ Sommers, Lary L. (30 October 200) GERMAN ARCHITECTS SELECT 64 AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AWARDS FOR THE BEST NEW U.S. BUILDING AND URBAN DESIGNS FOR 2009. The Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of Architecture and Design


  163. ^ "Wallpaper Magazine, November 2010". Wallpaper.com. 25 February 2008. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.


  164. ^ ""A Dissident Did Our Guesthouse", New York Magazine, November 2011". New York. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  165. ^ McGetrick, Brandon (23 April 2008). "Ordos 100: Bringing a taste of everywhere to the middle of nowhere". Retrieved 14 March 2011.


  166. ^ "Artist behind Beijing's 'bird's nest' stadium boycotts Olympics". CBC News. 11 August 2007. Archived from the original on 20 June 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  167. ^ "Stadium designer blasts China Olympics". Al Jazeera. 12 August 2007. Archived from the original on 17 August 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  168. ^ "Chinese architect slams Olympic 'pretend smile'". CNN. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  169. ^ Watts, Jonathan (11 August 2007). "Olympic artist lashes out over PRC propaganda". The Taipei Times. Taiwan (ROC). Retrieved 6 July 2008.


  170. ^ Rachel Abramowitz (18 February 2008). "Spielberg drops out as Beijing Olympics advisor". Los Angeles Times.


  171. ^ "Spielberg in Darfur snub to China". BBC. 13 February 2008. Archived from the original on 7 April 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.


  172. ^ CBC Arts (11 August 2007). "Artist behind Beijing's 'bird's nest' stadium boycotts Olympics". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.


  173. ^ Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2015


  174. ^ Glancey, Jonathan, "Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei's Serpentine Pavilion, review", The Telegraph, 31 May 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.


  175. ^ "草泥马style". Retrieved 4 October 2014 – via YouTube.


  176. ^ "Dumbass (Explicit)". Archived from the original on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  177. ^ "Laoma Tihua". Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  178. ^ "The Divine Comedy". Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  179. ^ "Chaoyang Park". Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  180. ^ "China Art Archives & Warehouse". Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2011.


  181. ^ Kunsthaus Bregenz, "Ai Weiwei: Art/Architecture", Bregenz,2011.


  182. ^ "Digital Activism in China". Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.


  183. ^ http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/politics/2012/10/china%E2%80%99s-paid-trolls-meet-50-cent-party


  184. ^ "How China Sees the World". Time. 9 June 2013.


  185. ^ Taylor, Adam. "Time Magazine's Beautiful New Cover Was Designed By China's Most Controversial Artist". Business Insider. Retrieved 1 November 2013.


  186. ^ McGuirk, Justin (6 September 2011). "Korea's design biennial: an extreme body of work that pushes no products". The Guardian. London.


  187. ^ "Ai Weiwei – ambassador for Reporters Without Borders – Reporters Without Borders". Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  188. ^ "100 Photos by Ai Weiwei for Press Freedom". Style Quotidien Magazine. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  189. ^ Stéphane Reynaud – Journaliste. "Les photos d'Ai Weiwei sur iPad". Le Figaro. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  190. ^ "Ai Weiwei Alcatraz Exhibition". Retrieved 15 March 2015.


  191. ^ "HART Magazine". 2008. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2011.


  192. ^ "Zeit Online". Retrieved 19 January 2011.


  193. ^ "ArtReview Power 100". Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2011.


  194. ^ "Best new private house".


  195. ^ "Detained artist Ai offered Berlin university post". Reuters. 20 April 2011.


  196. ^ "China slams art magazine for honoring Ai Weiwei". Reuters. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.


  197. ^ "Person of the Year 2011". Time. 14 December 2011.


  198. ^ "A Prize for Creative Dissent". The Wall Street Journal. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.


  199. ^ "Ai Weiwei Is Challenging China Through Art and Twitter". Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  200. ^ "Ai Weiwei Wins Appraisers Association of America Award for Excellence in the Arts". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  201. ^ "16. Ai Weiwei". Fast Company. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  202. ^ "Press Releases". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  203. ^ "St.Moritz Art Masters: Detail". St. Moritz Art Masters. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  204. ^ "Ai Weiwei". ArtReview. Retrieved 4 October 2014.


  205. ^ Joan Baez and Ai Weiwei to receive top Award from Amnesty International. Amnesty International (24 March 2015).


  206. ^ Amnesty Ambassador of Conscience Award: Joan Baez and Ai Weiwei show power of words in a silent world. International Business Times. (21 May 2015). Retrieved 17 May 2016.


  207. ^ Joan Baez and Ai Weiwei honoured by Amnesty International. The Guardian (22 May 2015). Retrieved 17 May 2016.




Further reading




  • WideWalls Magazine, Excessivism – A Phenomenon Every Art Collector Should Know, by Angie Kordic


  • Gallereo Magazine, The Newest Art Movement You've Never Heard of, 20 November 2015

  • The Huffington Post, Excessivism: Irony, *Imbalance and a New Rococo, by Shana Nys Dambrot, art critic, curator, 23 September 2015


  • "Interview with Ai Wei Wei: My Virtual Life Has Become My Real Life". Der Spiegel. 15 January 2014.


  • Du Bin (2012). God Ai (艾神). Xianggang: Shuo yuan shu she. ISBN 9789881644213.


  • Ai Weiwei (31 January 2011). Ai Weiwei: Fairytale (DVD). JRP|Ringier. ISBN 978-3-03764-153-8.


  • Laura Murray Cree, ed. (April 2009). Ai Weiwei: Under Construction. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. ISBN 978-1-921410-73-4.


  • Smith, Karen; Obrist, Hans Ulrich; Fibicher, Bernard (2 April 2009). Ai Weiwei. Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0-714848-89-1.

  • Spalding, David. @large: Ai Weiwei on Alcatraz, 2014. Print. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/883650548


  • Tinari, Philip; Merewether, Charles (2 August 2008). Urs Meile; Peter Pakesch; Ai Weiwei, eds. Ai Weiwei: Works 2004–2007. JRP|Ringier. ISBN 978-3-905829-27-3.


  • Ai, Weiwei (2 April 2007). Chen Weiqing, ed. Ai Weiwei: Fragments Beijing 2006. Timezone 8. ISBN 978-988-99015-3-0.

  • Ai, Weiwei; Anthony Pins. Ai Weiwei: Spatial Matters : Art Architecture and Activism, 2014. Print. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/861670976



External links













External image

[http://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2013/staged-portraits/stefen-chow Portrait of Ai Weiwei by Stefen Chow


  • Official website

  • Ai Weiwei exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts London


  • Ai Weiwei on IMDb


  • Ai Weiwei at De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art


  • Ai Weiwei. Study of Perspective. Photographic series produced 1995–2011. Public Delivery










Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Lambak Kiri

Image
For Lambak Kiri public housing area, see Lambak Kiri Landless Indigenous Citizens' Housing Scheme. Village in Brunei-Muara, Brunei Lambak Kiri Village Location in Brunei Coordinates: 4°59′26″N 114°57′04″E  /  4.990472°N 114.951114°E  / 4.990472; 114.951114 Coordinates: 4°59′26″N 114°57′04″E  /  4.990472°N 114.951114°E  / 4.990472; 114.951114 Country Brunei District Brunei-Muara Mukim Berakas A Government  • Village head Hamdani Omar Postcode BB1214 Lambak Kiri is a populated place in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. It is officially a village subdivision under Berakas A, a mukim in the district. Lambak Kiri may also refer to the greater area which includes the Lambak Kiri public housing area of the Landless Indigenous Citizens' Housing Scheme (Malay: Skim Tanah Kurnia Rakyat Jati ), although the latter is a separate subdivision. Contents 1 Name 2 Administration 3 See also 4 References Name ...
Read more

章鱼与海女图

Image
本条目 可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 。 （2014/5/25） 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记 {{Translated page}} 标签。 本条目 需要擴充。 （2013年8月15日） 请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 《 章鱼与海女 》（日语： 蛸と海女 ／ たことあま   Tako to ama ）是一幅由日本畫家葛饰北斋创作的浮世绘，出自1814年（文化4年）出版的艳本《喜能会之故真通》（日语： 喜能会之故真通 ／ きのえのこまつ   Kinoe no Komatsu ）。畫中有兩隻章鱼以觸手攻擊一名採珠的海女，並進行擬似戀獸癖的交媾行為。作品尺寸为6½" × 8¾" （16.51 cm × 22.23 cm）。 [1] 在此之前的类似作品还有北尾重政的艳本《謡曲色番組》及勝川春潮的艳本《艳本千夜多女志》等，有被北斋作为参考的可能性。 《章鱼与海女图》有不同英文翻译，一般称The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife，又作Girl Diver and Octopi、Diver and Two Octopi，Richard Douglas Lane称其为 Girl Diver and Octopi [2] ，Mathi Forrer 称其为 Pearl Diver and Two Octopi [3] ，Danielle Talerico 称其为 Diver and Two Octopi 。 [4] 目录 1 作品介绍 1.1 画中对话 1.2 解释 2 评价 3 影响 3.1 模仿作品 4 另见 5 参考来源 6 外部連結 作品介绍 画中对话 原文 译文 大蛸： いつぞハいつぞハとねらいすましてゐたかいがあつて、けふといふけふ、とうとうとらまへたア。てもむつくりとしたいいぼぼだ。いもよりハなをこうぶつだ。サアサア、すつてすつてすいつくして...
Read more