耳螺科

耳螺科
A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	耳螺目 Ellobiida
总科：	耳螺總科 Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854
科：	耳螺科 Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854
多样性[1]
約有250個有效物種
異名[2]
Melampidae Stimpson, 1851

Drawing of shells of Ellobium pyramidale.

耳螺科（学名：Ellobiidae），亦作耳蝸牛科^[3]，是腹足綱耳螺總科（学名：Ellobioidea）之下的一個科^[4]。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科^[5][6]，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科^[7]:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組^[4]。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目^[8]。

目录

• 
  1 型態描述
  


• 
  2 分佈及棲息地
  


• 
  3 系統分類
  
  
  
  • 
    3.1 屬
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  4 参考文献
  


• 
  5 外部連結
  

型態描述

本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口^[9]。

分佈及棲息地

本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域^[9]。常栖息在河口半淡咸水域^[10]或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍^[9]。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裡^[9]，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生^[2]。

系統分類

屬

截至2018年8月28日 (2018-08-28)^[update]，WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬^[2]：

• Subfamily Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830
  
  
  
  • Genus Carychiella Strauch, 1977
    
  
  
  • Genus Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872 †
  
  
  • Genus Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773
    
    
    
    • == Auricella Jurine, 1817
      
    
    
    • == Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856
      
    
    
    • == Saraphia Risso, 1826
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Genus Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
    
  
  
  • Genus Protocarychium Pan, 1982 †
  
  
  • Genus Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856
    
    • == Speozoum Hamann, 1896
      
    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
  
  
  
  • 
    Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
    
    
    
    • == Leuconia Gray, 1840
      
    
    
    • == Leucopepla Peile, 1926
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
    
  
  
  • 
    耳螺屬 Ellobium Röding, 1798
    
    
    
    • == Auricula Lamarck, 1799
      
    
    
    • == Auriculina Kobelt, 1898
      
    
    
    • == Auriculodes Strand, 1928
      
    
    
    • == Auriculus Montfort, 1810
      
    
    
    • == Autonoe Guppy, 1868
      
    
    
    • == Autonoella Wenz, 1947
      
    
    
    • == Geovula Swainson, 1840
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Genus Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949
    
  
  
  • Genus Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875 †
  
  
  
  


• 
  尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
  
  
  
  • Genus Detracia Gray, 1840
    
  
  
  • 
    尖耳螺屬 Melampus Montfort, 1810
    
    
    
    • == Conovulus Lamarck, 1816
      
    
    
    • == Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
      
    
    
    • == Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Genus Tralia Gray, 1840
    
  
  
  
  


• subfamily Pedipedinae
  
  • 
    Pedipes Férussac, 1821
  
  


• 
  扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae Odhner, 1925
  
  
  
  • 
    Allochroa Ancey, 1887
    
  
  
  • 
    Auriculastra Martens, 1880
    
    • == Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895
      
    
    
  
  
  • 
    鼬耳螺屬 Cassidula Férussac, 1821
    
    
    
    • == Cassidulella Thiele, 1934
      
    
    
    • == Cassidulina Thiele, 1931
      
    
    
    • == Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
    
  
  
  • 
    Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
    
  
  
  
  

 » Genus Ophicardelus Beck, 1838

 » Genus Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832

 » Genus Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005

 » Genus Pythia Röding, 1798

 » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)

 » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906

 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])

 » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846

 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821

 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832

 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906

 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)

 » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846

 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798

• • 
    扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
    
    
    
    • 
      花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)^[11]
      
    
    
    • 
      厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase^[11]
      
    
    
    
    


• subfamily Zaptychiinae †


• 
  Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。


• 亞科地位未定
  
  
  
  • Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
  
  
  • Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
  
  
  • Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
  
  
  • Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
  
  
  • Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
  
  
  • Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
  
  
  • Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
  
  
  • Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
  
  
  • Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
  
  
  • Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
  
  
  • Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
  
  
  • Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
  
  
  • Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
  
  
  
  

subfamily ?

• 
  Auriculinella Tausch, 1886


• 
  Auriculodes Strand, 1928


• 
  Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854


• 
  Creedonia Martins, 1996


• 
  Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840


• 
  Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884


• 
  Marinula King & Broderip, 1832


• 
  Microtralia Dall, 1894


• 
  Ophicardelus Beck, 1838


• 
  Ovatella Bivona, 1832


• 
  Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005


• 
  Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900


• 
  Tralia Gray, 1840

Genera brought into synonymy

• 
  Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906


• 
  Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798


• 
  Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832


• 
  Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906


• 
  Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906


• 
  Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846


• 
  Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886


• 
  Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886


• 
  Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886


• 
  Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832


• 
  Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906


• 
  Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798


• 
  Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810


• 
  Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846


• 
  Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894

Taxonomic note

Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

参考文献

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference^[1]

1. 
   ^ ^1.01.1 Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-18.
   


2. 
   ^ ^2.02.12.2 Bouchet, P. Ellobiidae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822). World Register of Marine Species. [2017-06-20]. 
   


3. 
   ^ 貝類訂名組. 台灣貝類中文名稱訂名(Establishment of Chinese Name of Shells). 貝類學報 (Bulletin of Malacology) (中華民國貝類學會 (The Malacological Society of Taiwan)). 1982, 9: 87–88. 
   


4. 
   ^ ^4.04.1 Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 
   


5. 
   ^ 国际贝库：双鸟来螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2018-05-02] （中文（繁體）‎）. 
   


6. 
   ^ Dayrat, B.; Conrad, M.; Balayan, S.; White, T. R.; Albrecht, C.; Golding, R.; Gomes, S.; Harasewych, M. G.; de Frias, Martins A. M. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of pulmonate gastropods (Mollusca): new insights from increased taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2011, 59: 425–437. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.014 （英语）.  使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
   


7. 
   ^ 張寬敏. 台灣產陸棲貝類目錄. 貝友 (中華民國貝類學會). 1984, 9: 2–19 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁體）‎）. 
   
   


8. 
   ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim    , A.; Kano    , Y.; Nützel  , A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong  , E.E. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1-2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201 （英语）. 
   


9. 
   ^ ^9.09.19.29.3 Beechey, Des. Family Ellobiidae: Air-breathing snails. The Seashells of New South Wales Release 25. 2018-06-10 [2018-08-28] （英语）. 
   


10. 
    ^ 国际贝库：小鼬耳螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11] （中文（繁體）‎）. 
    


11. 
    ^ ^11.011.1 林朝棨. 蘭嶼之貝類及其動物地理. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1974, 1: 42–63 [2018-10-10] （中文（繁體）‎）. 
    
    

引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“TaiBIF”的参考文献没有在文中使用

外部連結

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：耳螺科

• 
  維基物種中有關耳螺科的數據


• 
  耳螺科在NCBI的頁面連結

物種識別信息 維基數據: Q129785 維基物種: Ellobiidae ADW: Ellobiidae EoL: 2601 EPPO: 1ELLOF Fauna Europaea: 11418 Fossilworks: 60205 GBIF: 9457 IRMNG: 110889 ITIS: 76453 NCBI: 69683 NZOR: c3d2bf69-7028-45d4-a497-b5af7e9ee335 uBio: 6217432 WoRMS: 198

This page is only for reference, If you need detailed information, please check here