Conviction




For other senses of this word, see Conviction (disambiguation).

"Convicted" redirects here. For other uses, see Convicted (disambiguation).






























Criminal procedure

Criminal trials and convictions

Rights of the accused



  • Fair trial

  • Pre-trial

  • Speedy trial

  • Jury trial

  • Counsel

  • Presumption of innocence


  • Exclusionary rule1

  • Self-incrimination


  • Double jeopardy2

Verdict



  • Conviction

  • Acquittal


  • Not proven3

  • Directed verdict

Sentencing



  • Mandatory

  • Suspended

  • Custodial

  • Periodic

  • Discharge

  • Guidelines





  • Totality5, 6


  • Dangerous offender4, 5




  • Capital punishment

  • Execution warrant



  • Cruel and unusual punishment



  • Imprisonment

  • Life imprisonment

  • Indefinite imprisonment

Post-sentencing



  • Parole

  • Probation


  • Tariff 6


  • Life licence6

  • Miscarriage of justice

  • Exoneration

  • Pardon

  • Sex offender registration


  • Sexually violent predator legislation1

Related areas of law



  • Criminal defenses

  • Criminal law

  • Evidence

  • Civil procedure

Portals



  • Law

  • Criminal justice



  • 1 US courts

  • 2 Not in English/Welsh courts

  • 3 Scottish courts

  • 4 English/Welsh courts

  • 5 Canadian courts

  • 6 UK courts




  • v

  • t

  • e


In law, a conviction is the verdict that usually results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime.[1] The opposite of a conviction is an acquittal (that is, "not guilty"). In Scotland and in the Netherlands, there can also be a verdict of "not proven", which counts as an acquittal. There are also cases in which the court orders that a defendant not be convicted, despite being found guilty; in England, Wales, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand the mechanism for this is a discharge.


For a host of reasons, the criminal justice system is not perfect: sometimes guilty defendants are acquitted, while innocent people are convicted. Appeal mechanisms and post conviction relief procedures may mitigate the effects of a conviction to some extent. An error which results in the conviction of an innocent person is known as a miscarriage of justice.


After a defendant is convicted, the court determines the appropriate sentence as a punishment. Furthermore, the conviction may lead to results beyond the terms of the sentence itself. Such ramifications are known as the collateral consequences of criminal charges.


A minor conviction is a warning conviction, and it does not affect the defendant but does serve as a warning.[citation needed]


A history of convictions are called antecedents, known colloquially as "previous" in the United Kingdom, and "priors" in the United States and Australia. The history of convictions also shows that a minor law conviction can be prosecuted as any individual's punishment.



See also


  • Directed verdict


References





  1. ^ Garner, Bryan A., ed. (2000). Black's law dictionary (7th ed.). St. Paul, Minn.: West Group. p. 335. ISBN 0-314-24077-2..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}




Further reading






  • Article: Comparison of the conviction rates of a few countries of the world.









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