Somma volcano

A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone

For other uses, see Somma (disambiguation).

Aerial view of Fogo Island, Cape Verde, an example of a somma volcano. The volcanic cone Pico do Fogo rises 100m above the walls of the caldera.

A somma volcano (also known as a sommian) is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. The name comes from Mount Somma, a stratovolcano in southern Italy with a summit caldera in which the upper cone of Mount Vesuvius has grown.

A number of the world's best examples of somma volcanoes are found on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands that stretch south from Kamchatka to Hokkaidō (Japan).^{[citation needed]}

Some examples of somma volcanoes are the following:

• Europe
  
  
  
  • 
    Mount Vesuvius (Campania, Italy)
  
  
  • 
    Mount Pico, Azores, Portugal
  
  
  
  


• Africa
  
  
  
  • 
    Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)
  
  
  • 
    Pico do Fogo (Fogo Island, Cape Verde)
  
  
  
  


• Asia
  
  
  
  • 
    Aira Caldera (Kyūshū, Japan)
  
  
  • 
    Ebeko (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  
  
  • 
    Kolokol Group: Kolokol, Berg, Borzov, Trezubetz (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  
  
  • 
    Krakatoa Group (Lampung, Indonesia): a partially-submerged somma volcano
  
  
  • 
    Medvezhya (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  
  
  • 
    Milna (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  
  
  • 
    Pinatubo (Central Luzon, Philippines)
  
  
  • 
    Tengger Caldera (East Java, Indonesia)
  
  
  • 
    Tondano Caldera (North Sulawesi, Indonesia)
  
  
  • 
    Tyatya (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  
  
  • 
    Urataman (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  
  
  • 
    Zarechny (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia)
  
  
  
  


• Americas
  
  
  
  • 
    Cosigüina (Chinandega, Nicaragua)
  
  
  • 
    Wizard Island (Oregon, United States)
  
  
  
  

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