代謝產物




代謝產物 (英语：Metabolite)，又稱代謝物是代謝的中間或最後產物，這個詞彙是通常指的是小分子（英语：small molecule）。他們有諸如作為燃料、結構、訊號、刺激、抑止酵素（通常作為酵素的輔因子）、防衛或作用在其他有機分子上（如：色素、氣味分子或費洛蒙）。在一般成長，發育以及繁殖的階段，就有初級代謝產物的參與。工業中被大量製造的乙烯，就是初級代謝產物中的一種。而次級代謝產物則不會接參與那些過程，但它們在生理功能上具有重要的意義。它們囊括了抗生素和色素，像是樹脂和松烯。放線菌素就是一種次級代謝產物，它們是從一級代謝產物的色胺酸轉變而來的，但不是所有的抗生素都會把一級代謝產物當前體來使用。在代謝途徑中，醣類中的葡萄糖和果糖就屬於代謝產物。


分子生物工業中生產的初級代謝產的例子[1]



































類別 例子
酒精 乙烯
胺基酸 谷胺酸 、 天門冬胺酸
核苷酸 5'-磷酸鳥苷
抗氧化劑 異抗壞血酸
有機酸 乙酸 、 乳酸
多元醇 甘油
維生素 維生素B2

來自一處的酶化学反应的输出成為另一些化学反应的输入，這樣環環相扣而成的代谢物组（Metabolome）會形成一個龐大的代謝網絡。


在生物體本生的或來自藥物的合成物，形成代謝產物後，會成為降解與消除反應的自然的生物化学过程的一部分[2]。化合物本身的降解速率，決定它存在的長短及影響強弱。分析醫藥產品的代謝過程，藥物代謝，在藥物尋找的重要方法，並增進對藥物副作用的暸解。



參見




  • 次级代谢产物

  • 抗代谢物

  • Metabolic control analysis（英语：Metabolic control analysis）

  • 代谢物组

  • 代谢物组学

  • 活性代謝物



參考





  1. ^ Demain, Arnold L. "Microbial Production of Primary Metabolites.". THE SCIENCE OF nature (MIT). 1980.  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)


  2. ^ Harris, Edward D. Biochemical Facts behind the Definition and Properties of Metabolites (PDF). FDA. FDA. [28 April 2017]. 




外部連結



  • 維基共享資源中与代謝產物相關的分類







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