Easter Road






This article is about the football stadium. For the street after which it is named, see Easter Road, Edinburgh.


























































Easter Road Stadium
The Leith San Siro[1]
The Holy Ground[2]
Easter Road 2010.JPG


Easter Road Stadium is located in Edinburgh

Easter Road Stadium

Easter Road Stadium



Location in Edinburgh

Location Albion Road, Edinburgh
Coordinates 55°57′42″N 3°9′56″W / 55.96167°N 3.16556°W / 55.96167; -3.16556
Owner Hibernian F.C.
Capacity 20,421[3][4]
Record attendance 65,860 v Hearts
2 January 1950
Surface Desso GrassMaster
Construction
Broke ground 1892
Opened 1893
Renovated 2010
Architect
Percy Johnson-Marshall (Famous Five and South Stands)[5]
Tenants
Hibernian F.C.
Edinburgh Rugby		 1893–present
1998–1999


Easter Road is a football stadium located in the Leith area of Edinburgh, Scotland, which is the home ground of Scottish Premiership club Hibernian (Hibs). The stadium currently has an all-seated capacity of 20,421,[3][4] which makes it the fifth-largest football stadium in Scotland. Easter Road is also known by Hibs fans as "The Holy Ground" or "The Leith San Siro".[1][2] The venue has also been used to stage international matches, Scottish League Cup semi-finals and was briefly the home ground of the Edinburgh professional rugby union team.


Hibs first played at the present site of Easter Road in 1893. The ground holds the record attendance for a Scottish match outside Glasgow, when 65,860 attended an Edinburgh derby on 2 January 1950.[6] The size of the terracing was greatly reduced in the 1980s. After the publication of the Taylor Report, Hibs considered leaving Easter Road and moving to a different site (Straiton, near Loanhead was mooted), but these plans were abandoned in 1994. Redevelopment of the stadium began in 1995 and was completed in 2010. The Easter Road pitch had a pronounced slope until it was removed in 2000.[7]




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Early history (1893 – 1945)


    • 1.2 Post-war (1945–1991)


    • 1.3 Redevelopment (1991–2010)




  • 2 Structure and facilities


  • 3 Other uses


    • 3.1 Other football matches


      • 3.1.1 Full internationals




    • 3.2 Other sports


    • 3.3 Uses other than sport




  • 4 Transport


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





History


See also: History of Hibernian F.C.


Early history (1893 – 1945)


Hibernian played its first match on the Meadows, on 25 December 1875.[8] The club first moved to the Easter Road area in 1880,[9] to a ground known as Hibernian Park.[10] This location had the advantage of being equidistant between their two main sources of support, the Irish immigrant communities in the port of Leith and the Old Town of Edinburgh.[11] When Hibs suffered financial difficulties in the early 1890s, the lease on Hibernian Park expired and developers started building what would become Bothwell Street.[9] The club was reformed in 1892 and a lease on a piece of land called Drum Park was secured.[1] The site had restricted access from Easter Road, a pronounced slope and was in close proximity to Bank Park, the home of Leith Athletic.[1][12] There was a sense of continuity from the previous ground, however, and the supporters were keen to get started again.[1] The first match at Easter Road was played on 4 February 1893, a friendly against Clyde.[13]




Easter Road in the 1950s.


Easter Road staged its first Scottish League match when Hibs joined the league in 1893.[14] Hibs were only renting Easter Road, which Edinburgh city planners had designated for future development.[15] This meant the club were unwilling to develop the ground and looked for alternatives.[15] Hibs considered relocating to Aberdeen in 1902,[9] a year before Aberdeen FC was formed by a merger of three local clubs.[12] In 1909, work began on a potential new ground in the Piershill area of Ednburgh, but the North British Railway company won a court order allowing them to build a railway line over the ground.[9][12] No line was ever built, but Hibs' interest in moving to the site was thwarted.[9] The long-term future of Easter Road was only secured in 1922, when the club agreed a 25-year lease on the ground.[9][15] Two years later, three banks of terraces were raised, while a main stand seating 4,480 people was built on the west side of the ground.[9] The redeveloped stadium had a capacity of 45,000.[15] The pitch was also moved 40 yards to the east, providing space for the main stand.[12] The slope was reduced to approximately 6 feet as part of this work.[12]



Post-war (1945–1991)


Hibs enjoyed great success in the period immediately after the end of the Second World War,[9] winning three league championships between 1948 and 1952. The club's participation in the (inaugural) 1955–56 European Cup meant that Easter Road became the first British ground to host European Cup football.[16] A record attendance of 65,860 was set by an Edinburgh derby against Hearts played on 2 January 1950.[17][18][19] This is also a record for any football match played in Edinburgh.[17][18] As the fans had been tightly packed on the terraces to achieve this record attendance, the size of the East Terrace was increased further.[9] The club even drew up plans to expand the overall capacity to nearly 100,000.[19] This would have been done by raising each end terrace to the same height as the east side, but these plans were never realised.[15]


Hibs were one of the first clubs to install corner floodlight pylons, rather than the roof-mounted lights used at Ibrox.[9] The Easter Road floodlights were installed by a local company, Miller & Stables, who would construct similar leaning gantries in many other Scottish grounds.[9] They were first used for an Edinburgh derby played on 18 October 1954.[9] A roof was put over the North Terrace in 1960, but the ground was largely unchanged through the 1960s and 1970s.[9] The capacity was reduced in 1975 to 30,000, due to the regulations of the Safety of Sports Grounds Act.[15] Hibs became the first club in Scotland to install undersoil heating, in 1980.[9] Benches were installed in the North Terrace in 1982, but this was only because they were cheaper than replacing the terrace crush barriers.[9][15] Soon afterwards, Hibs chairman Kenny Waugh admitted that the stadium was a "mess".[20]




The East Stand, which was built in this form in 1985 and demolished in March 2010.


The height of the East Terrace was greatly reduced and a roof was erected in the mid-1980s.[9][20] This work reduced the capacity to 27,000.[20] Hibs was taken over by a consortium led by David Duff in 1987.[9] The new regime spent approximately £1 million on executive boxes and refurbishments, but their policy of diversifying the business into property and public houses crippled the club financially when there was an economic downturn in the late 1980s.[9] Hearts chairman Wallace Mercer attempted a takeover of Hibs in June 1990, with the intention of merging the two major Edinburgh football clubs.[9] The Hibs fans protested against this and Mercer was prevented from gaining the 75% shareholding that was needed to close Hibs.[9]



Redevelopment (1991–2010)


Sir Tom Farmer took control of Hibs in 1991,[21] but the club was still faced with the need to develop a stadium that would meet the requirements of the Taylor Report.[9] Hibs entered talks with Edinburgh District Council about sharing a new stadium with Hearts, but the proposed site of Ingliston was in the wrong part of the city for Hibs.[9] The club was more interested in the possibility of playing at Meadowbank Stadium, only a few hundred yards from Easter Road, but there were planning difficulties with adapting Meadowbank into a large football stadium.[5] The reorganisation of the club after Farmer took control meant that there was no real pressure to move, as he also owned Easter Road.[5] The Hibs board made an assessment, however, that the ground could not be renovated in a cost-effective fashion before the August 1994 deadline set by the Taylor Report.[5] Hibs proposed in January 1992 to sell Easter Road and move to a site owned by Farmer in Straiton.[22] Hibs also invited Hearts to share this stadium, as their proposal for a site in Millerhill had been rejected by planners.[5] Those plans were scaled down in 1993 when Lothian Regional Council refused to allow the rest of the Straiton site to be used for commercial development.[5] The Hibs board continued to back the Straiton proposal and they insisted the installation of bucket seats in the uncovered South Terrace was merely to comply with the Taylor Report deadline.[5] This measure also reduced the capacity of Easter Road to 13,500.[5]




The West Stand, constructed in 2001.


Later in 1994, however, the Straiton proposals were abandoned and Easter Road underwent major redevelopment in 1995.[5][22] Stands behind each goal were built at a cost of £8 million, increasing the capacity to 16,531.[6][21][23] The ground was made all seated by the installation of bucket seats in the East Terrace during 1995.[6][20] Views of the pitch from this stand were somewhat restricted by supporting pillars.[6] The Easter Road slope, which meant that the north end of the pitch was 6 feet lower than the south, was removed at the end of the 1999–00 season.[12][7][24] The West Stand was built in 2001 to replace the ageing main stand,[20] increasing capacity to 17,500.[25]


Despite this development work, a move to a shared stadium in Straiton was again proposed in 2003.[26] Hibs hoped that selling the Easter Road site would allow them to clear their debts and reduce costs.[26] Club director Rod Petrie commented that any decision would be based on financial grounds and after consultation with the fanbase, as the club were not being forced to move.[22] Farmer expressed support for further redeveloping Easter Road, if it could be part of a viable business plan.[27] During the consultation, Farmer said that his main priority was ensuring the club's survival and denied that any deal had been concluded.[28] The consultation found that the fans were largely opposed to the Straiton proposal, which the club eventually abandoned.[29] To remove part of the debt, the club sold some land to the east of the stadium that had previously been used for car parking.[30][31] Selling players, including Steven Whittaker, Scott Brown, Kevin Thomson and Steven Fletcher, also funded these debts and further work.[32]


The club first obtained planning permission to replace the East Stand in 1999, and this was renewed in 2005.[6] Hibs started a consultation with supporters on its redevelopment in 2007.[6] The development was put on hold until sufficient cash resources were obtained to finance the project.[33] The consultation process found that a single tier stand would be most popular with the fans.[20] Petrie announced at the 2009 annual general meeting that the club would enter negotiations with contractors to establish the cost of rebuilding the stand.[34] After these negotiations were concluded, Hibs announced in February 2010 that work would immediately begin on a new East Stand, increasing capacity to 20,421.[3] Demolition of the old stand began in early March,[35] and the stand was opened a month ahead of schedule in August 2010.[19][32][36]



Structure and facilities




The new East Stand, opened in August 2010.


Easter Road is an all-seated stadium, split into four geographic sections, known as the Famous Five (formerly North),[20] East, South and West Stands. The Famous Five and South Stands are the oldest part of the present stadium, built in 1995.[5] Each stand has two tiers, a cantilevered roof and a capacity of nearly 4,000.[23] To keep within the boundaries of the site, the upper deck of each stand angles toward the centre.[23] When the stands were built, the Famous Five Stand was above pitch level and the South Stand was below, but this was corrected when the natural slope was removed.[23] Each stand also stretched beyond the east touchline, which was corrected by widening the pitch when the East Stand was rebuilt.[23] Between the two tiers of the Famous Five Stand there are function suites and lounges.[20][23] Before the stands were rebuilt in the 1990s, the north and south ends of Easter Road were known as the Cowshed and Dunbar End respectively.[20] The southern end was called the Dunbar End because there was a lemonade factory named Dunbar's located behind it.[37]


The West Stand, which initially had a capacity of 6,500, was built in 2001.[20][38] A reception area, club offices, media centre, banqueting suites, hospitality area and changing rooms are located in the West Stand.[20][38] The capacity of the West Stand was reduced slightly when the new East Stand was constructed in 2010, as the pitch was widened during this development.[39] The East Stand, which is the newest part of the stadium, was built in 2010.[36][40] It is the only stand that is not split into two tiers and has a capacity of 6,400.[3] The decision to build the East Stand as a single tier was taken to maintain the character of the old terrace, which had been a simple viewing area without many facilities.[41]



Other uses



Other football matches




The exterior of Easter Road


Kirkcaldy club Raith Rovers used Easter Road as a home venue once, for the home leg of a UEFA Cup tie against Bayern Munich in 1995.[42] The match was moved from Rovers' normal home ground of Stark's Park due to Easter Road's greater capacity.[43] Easter Road has sometimes played host to Scottish League Cup semi-final matches, such as in the 1996, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2013 and 2014 competitions.[44][45][46][47][48] Team managers Terry Butcher and Gus MacPherson have objected to playing semi-finals at Easter Road, on the grounds that their players should have the chance to play at Hampden Park, or that playing against Hearts in Edinburgh gives them a form of home advantage.[46][49] The 2014 Scottish Challenge Cup Final between Raith Rovers and Rangers was hosted at Easter Road.[50]


Scotland have played five full international matches at Easter Road. These have been friendly matches against less attractive opposition where a relatively small crowd was expected, and it has therefore been unnecessary to play the match at Hampden Park. The Scotland under-21 team has also sometimes played matches at Easter Road, such as when Scotland played Iceland in the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification play-offs.[51] The most recent full international played at the stadium was a friendly match between Scotland and Qatar in June 2015.[52] One full international was played at Easter Road that did not involve Scotland, a friendly match between South Korea and Ghana that was played in advance of the 2006 World Cup.[53]



Full internationals


See also: Scotland national football team home stadium

Eight full international football matches have been played at Easter Road, all of them since 1998.



Scotland  v  Finland


















Scotland  v  Canada


















Scotland  v  Trinidad and Tobago


















Scotland  v  Sweden


















South Korea  v  Ghana


















Scotland  v  Australia


















Scotland  v  Qatar


















Scotland  v  Canada


















Other sports


Easter Road was briefly the home ground for Edinburgh Rugby, a professional rugby union team, in the late 1990s.[56]Heineken Cup matches against Ebbw Vale and Toulouse were played at the ground during the 1998–99 season, with attendances of a few thousand.[56][57] Edinburgh again expressed interest in using Easter Road in both 2004 and 2006, but this was opposed by Hibs manager Tony Mowbray, who was concerned that playing rugby would damage the pitch.[57][58] The Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) included Easter Road in a bid for Edinburgh to host the Heineken Cup and European Challenge Cup finals in 2014.[59] In June 2015, the SRU chief executive indicated that trial matches could be played at Easter Road with a view to Edinburgh Rugby moving there for a longer term.[60] It has since been announced that the team will move to Myreside from January 2017.[61]


One of the hospitality suites within the stadium staged an amateur boxing show on 15 November 2009.[62]



Uses other than sport


Elton John performed Easter Road's first rock concert on 25 June 2005.[63] The international headquarters of the Homeless World Cup is based in the South Stand of the stadium.[64]



Transport


Edinburgh Waverley railway station, the main station in Edinburgh, is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the stadium; the walk between the two sites takes approximately 20 minutes.[65] There was a railway halt immediately beside the ground, part of the Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway, which was opened in 1950 and closed in 1967.[66] The Edinburgh Trams system was to have served the stadium by the McDonald Road tram stop on Leith Walk, but this part of the line was cancelled in June 2011 due to delays and cost overruns.[67] Easter Road is served by several Lothian Buses routes.[68] Services 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 25 and 49 run down Leith Walk; services 1 and 300 run down Easter Road itself; services 4, 5, 15, 19, 26, 34 and 44 run along London Road and routes 34 and 49 serve Lochend Road.[68] East Coast Buses routes X5, X7, X24/124, 104 and 113 also serve the area.[69] Visitors to the ground travelling by car can park in the surrounding streets.[65]



References





  1. ^ abcde Lugton 1999, p. 199


  2. ^ ab "Sparky in The Hibernian". www.hibernianfc.co.uk. Hibernian F.C. 24 September 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2011. Buzzing like a wasp and stinging like a diehard Hibee, Leigh Griffiths has brought a gust of invigorating fresh air to the team's attack since joining the club on loan. Having supported Hibernian from the stands as a boy and after playing for the team in green at junior level – before spells with Livingston and Dundee – Griffiths must have felt like he was coming home. But his transition from Leith Academy to the Leith San Siro has not been a smooth ride, although the Scotland under-21 striker says he is glad he got there in the end..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ abcd Hardie, David (2 November 2010). "Easter Road set for biggest crowd in 17 years as Hibs take on Hearts". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. Retrieved 2 November 2010.


  4. ^ ab "Hibernian Football Club". www.spfl.co.uk. Scottish Professional Football League. Retrieved 5 January 2014.


  5. ^ abcdefghij Inglis 1996, p. 451


  6. ^ abcdef Leslie, Colin (23 February 2010). "Fans' favourite to make its last stand as sun sets on the East". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 23 February 2010.


  7. ^ ab "Hibs bid farewell to slope". BBC Sport. BBC. 29 April 2000. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  8. ^ Lugton 1999, p. 26


  9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv Inglis 1996, p. 450


  10. ^ Lugton 1999, p. 46


  11. ^ Lugton 1999, p. 45


  12. ^ abcdef Robertson, Rob (26 April 2000). "Time up for slope graced by the best With Easter Road pitch due to be levelled, Lawrie Reilly recalls when Hibs loved playing down the hill". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 1 January 2014.


  13. ^ Lugton 1999, p. 205


  14. ^ Lugton 1999, p. 218


  15. ^ abcdefg Inglis 1987, p. 340


  16. ^ Anderson, Alex (26 July 2013). "Should Scotland follow the Scandinavian model?". When Saturday Comes. Retrieved 23 June 2017.


  17. ^ ab Halliday, Stephen (28 July 2007). "Magical Barça to cast spell before Hearts' record crowd". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  18. ^ ab "Hearts heading for a home record". BBC Sport. BBC. 27 July 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  19. ^ abc Hardie, David (19 August 2010). "Stand and watch march of progress at Hibs". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. Retrieved 25 August 2010.


  20. ^ abcdefghijk "How Hibs ground Easter Road has evolved since Waugh sent in bulldozers in 1983". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011.


  21. ^ ab "Hibs reveal Farmer stake". BBC Sport. BBC. 30 July 2003.


  22. ^ abc Buckland, Simon (22 June 2003). "Sleeping with the enemy". The Sunday Times. News International. Retrieved 15 March 2011.


  23. ^ abcdef Inglis 1996, p. 452


  24. ^ "Hibs dig deep to put Easter Road on level". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 10 May 2000. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  25. ^ "Capacity crowd to welcome Sauzee". Daily Mirror. Trinity Mirror. 26 September 2001. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  26. ^ ab "Capital groundshare plan". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 June 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  27. ^ "Farmer backs Easter Road". BBC Sport. BBC. 19 September 2003. Retrieved 15 March 2011.


  28. ^ "Hibs' survival is my desire". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 19 September 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  29. ^ Woods, Natasha (2 November 2003). "Straiton dead end unites the Hibs family". Sunday Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 3 April 2012.


  30. ^ Robertson, Rob (2 December 2002). "Cash from Hibs' land sale will not be handed to Williamson". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  31. ^ "Hibernian lose £1.9m but car park sale cuts debt to £10m". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 1 October 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  32. ^ ab Murray, Ewan (22 August 2010). "Historic marker for Hibernian after 20 years of prudent progress". The Observer. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 31 October 2011.


  33. ^ "Hibs accounts delay stand plans". BBC Sport. BBC. 14 September 2008.


  34. ^ "Hibernian to reconsider East Stand plans for Easter Road". Daily Record. Trinity Mirror. 8 October 2009.


  35. ^ "Mixed emotions at Easter Road, as Hibs' East Terrace is torn down". STV. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2010.


  36. ^ ab Hardie, David (10 August 2010). "Hibs' East Stand to be open for season opener". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. Retrieved 10 August 2010.


  37. ^ "I'll see you at the Dunbar's end, Sandra". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 17 October 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2014.


  38. ^ ab "Bulldozers arrive at Easter Road". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 January 2001. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  39. ^ "New stadium rapidly taking shape as Hibs ensure construction is kept to schedule". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  40. ^ "Hibernian hail Easter Road stadium expansion". BBC Sport. BBC. 22 February 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  41. ^ "One-tier stand to take Easter Road to 21,000". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 22 November 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2010.


  42. ^ McKinney, David (18 October 1995). "Bayern ruin all Raith's dreams". The Independent. Retrieved 25 August 2010.


  43. ^ Shaw, Phil (30 September 1995). "Dancing in streets of Raith again". The Independent. Retrieved 25 August 2010.


  44. ^ "Office semi-divided". BBC Sport. BBC. 30 January 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  45. ^ "Cup semi for Easter Road". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 10 December 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  46. ^ ab "Butcher bemoans Easter Road semi". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 19 November 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  47. ^ "Semi-final now pay-at-gate after crowd fears". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 24 January 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  48. ^ "Scottish Communities League Cup: St Mirren face Celtic in semi". BBC Sport. BBC. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.


  49. ^ "Fir Park and Hampden host semis". BBC Sport. BBC. 10 November 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2011.


  50. ^ "Ramsdens Cup Final between Raith Rovers and Rangers set for Easter Road". www.sport.stv.tv. STV. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.


  51. ^ Pattullo, Alan (15 October 2010). "Hibs' reward for rebuilding job is to stage Scotland U-21 play-off". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 15 October 2010.


  52. ^ ab "Scotland: Qatar to be opposition in Easter Road friendly". BBC Sport. BBC. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.


  53. ^ ab Grahame, Ewing (5 June 2006). "Essien entertains for Ghana". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 1 November 2011.


  54. ^ "Scotland to play Australia and Luxembourg in friendlies". BBC Sport. BBC. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.


  55. ^ "Scotland line up friendly with Canada at Easter Road". BBC Sport. BBC. 23 January 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.


  56. ^ ab "Gunners eye Easter Road". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  57. ^ ab "Easter Road put in the frame as new home for Gunners". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 3 November 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  58. ^ "Easter Road on rugby agenda". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 7 July 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2011.


  59. ^ Bean, Graham (21 June 2013). "SRU: Easter Road could be Amlin final venue". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 21 June 2013.


  60. ^ English, Tom (7 June 2015). "Edinburgh Rugby keen on 'test games' at Easter Road". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 7 June 2015.


  61. ^ "Edinburgh confirm move from Murrayfield to Myreside". BBC Sport. BBC. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.


  62. ^ "Boxing bound for Easter Rd". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 24 October 2009.


  63. ^ "Elton John set for Hibs & Killie". BBC Sport. BBC. 20 January 2005.


  64. ^ "Easter Road provides a home for World Cup organisers". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2010.


  65. ^ ab "Hibernian". Scottish Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2010.


  66. ^ "North British Railway List of Stations" (PDF). North British Railway Study Group. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2011.


  67. ^ "Edinburgh trams: Councillors vote to continue project". BBC News. BBC. 30 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.


  68. ^ ab "Route Map" (PDF). Lothian Buses. Retrieved 1 May 2017.


  69. ^ "Map". Eas Coast Buses. Retrieved 22 April 2018.



Sources



  • Inglis, Simon (1987). Football Grounds of Britain. Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218249-1.


  • Inglis, Simon (1996). Football Grounds of Britain. Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218426-5.


  • Lugton, Alan (1999). The Making of Hibernian 1. John Donald Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-85976-509-1.



External links






  • (Google Maps)




Coordinates: 55°57′42″N 3°09′56″W / 55.96167°N 3.16556°W / 55.96167; -3.16556







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章鱼与海女图

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本条目 可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 。 （2014/5/25） 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记 {{Translated page}} 标签。 本条目 需要擴充。 （2013年8月15日） 请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 《 章鱼与海女 》（日语： 蛸と海女 ／ たことあま   Tako to ama ）是一幅由日本畫家葛饰北斋创作的浮世绘，出自1814年（文化4年）出版的艳本《喜能会之故真通》（日语： 喜能会之故真通 ／ きのえのこまつ   Kinoe no Komatsu ）。畫中有兩隻章鱼以觸手攻擊一名採珠的海女，並進行擬似戀獸癖的交媾行為。作品尺寸为6½" × 8¾" （16.51 cm × 22.23 cm）。 [1] 在此之前的类似作品还有北尾重政的艳本《謡曲色番組》及勝川春潮的艳本《艳本千夜多女志》等，有被北斋作为参考的可能性。 《章鱼与海女图》有不同英文翻译，一般称The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife，又作Girl Diver and Octopi、Diver and Two Octopi，Richard Douglas Lane称其为 Girl Diver and Octopi [2] ，Mathi Forrer 称其为 Pearl Diver and Two Octopi [3] ，Danielle Talerico 称其为 Diver and Two Octopi 。 [4] 目录 1 作品介绍 1.1 画中对话 1.2 解释 2 评价 3 影响 3.1 模仿作品 4 另见 5 参考来源 6 外部連結 作品介绍 画中对话 原文 译文 大蛸： いつぞハいつぞハとねらいすましてゐたかいがあつて、けふといふけふ、とうとうとらまへたア。てもむつくりとしたいいぼぼだ。いもよりハなをこうぶつだ。サアサア、すつてすつてすいつくして...
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