梁廷栋




梁廷棟（？－1636年），河南鄢陵人。明末政治人物。


父梁克從，官至太常少卿。梁廷棟舉萬歷四十七年（1619年）進士，授南京兵部主事，召改禮部，歷官儀制司郎中。天啟五年（1625年），遷撫治西寧參議。官至兵部尚書。《明史》记载他“居中枢岁余，所陈兵事多中机宜”，“颇挟数行私，不为朝论所重。”曾與袁崇煥共事於遼。袁崇煥殺毛文龍之後，後金擁兵南下京城，梁廷棟上疏請斬袁崇煥，稱“則逆奴之謀既詘，遼人之心亦安”[1]。崇禎三年（1630年）薦用孫元化為登萊巡撫。後被弹劾“纳贿营私”，“得闲住去”。


崇祯八年（1635年）起用为兵部右侍郎兼右都御史，“代杨嗣昌总督宣府、大同、山西军务”。崇禎九年（1636年）秋清兵入逼京師，“三人相掎角，皆退怯不敢战。于是宝坻、顺义、文安、永清、雄、安肃、定兴诸县及安州、定州相继失守。”据清人所撰之《明史》称，宣大總督梁廷棟與兵部尚書張鳳翼怯不敢戰，但尾其後而已。清兵至雄縣而返，沿途在樹上寫下「各官免送」四字。廷棟與鳳翼“两人恇怯不敢战，近畿地多残破，言官交章论劾。两人益惧，”“言官劾疏五六上，凤翼忧甚”，自知死罪難逃，每日服食大黃取瀉求死。九月初一日張鳳翼卒，不數日廷棟亦死。[2]



注釋





  1. ^ 《明本兵梁廷棟請斬袁崇煥疏》


  2. ^ 《明史·卷二百五十七》：梁廷棟，鄢陵人。父克從，太常少卿。廷棟舉萬歷四十七年進士。授南京兵部主事，召改禮部，歷儀制郎中。天啟五年，遷撫治西寧參議。七年，調永平兵備副使。督撫以下為魏忠賢建祠，廷棟獨不往，乞終養歸。
    崇禎元年起故官，分巡口北道。明年加右參政。十一月，大清兵克遵化，巡撫王元雅自縊，即擢廷棟右僉都御史代之。廷棟請賜對，面陳方略，報可。未幾，督師袁崇煥下獄，復擢廷棟兵部右侍郎兼故官，總督薊、遼、保定軍務及四方援軍。廷棟有才知兵，奏對明爽，帝心異之。
    三年正月，兵部尚書申用懋罷，特召廷棟掌部事。時京師雖解嚴，羽書旁午，廷棟剖決無滯。而廷臣見其驟用，心嫉之。給事中陳良訓首刺廷棟，同官陶崇道復言：「廷棟數月前一監司耳，倏而為巡撫、總督、本兵，國士之遇宜何如報。乃在通州時，言遵、永易復，良、固難破，自以為神算。今何以難者易，易者難？且嘗請躬履行間，隨敵追擊，以為此報主熱血。今偃然中樞，熱血何銷亡也？謂制敵不專在戰，似矣，而伐謀用間，其計安在？」帝不聽崇道言。廷棟疏辨，乞一巖疆自效，優詔慰留之。未幾，工部主事李逢申劾廷棟虛名，崇道又言廷棟輕於發言，致臨洮、固原入衛兵變。帝皆不納。五月，永平四城復，賞廷棟調度功，加太子少保，世蔭錦衣僉事。
    其秋，廷棟以兵食不足，將加賦，因言：「今日閭左雖窮，然不窮於遼餉也。一歲中，陰為加派者，不知其數。如朝覲、考滿、行取、推升，少者費五六千金，合海內計之，國家選一番守令，天下加派數百萬。巡按查盤、訪緝、饋遺、謝薦，多者至二三萬金，合天下計之，國家遣一番巡方，天下加派百余萬，而曰民窮於遼餉，何也？臣考九邊額設兵餉，兵不過五十萬，餉不過千五百三十余萬，何憂不足。故今日民窮之故，惟在官貪。使貪風不除，即不加派，民愁苦自若；使貪風一息，即再加派，民歡忻亦自若。」疏入，帝俞其言，下戶部協議。戶部尚書畢自嚴阿廷棟意，即言今日之策，無逾加賦，請畝加九厘之外，再增三厘。於是增賦百六十五萬有奇，海內並咨怨。已，陳厘弊五事：曰屯田，曰鹽法，曰錢法，曰茶馬，曰積粟。又極陳陝西致寇之由，請重懲將吏貪汙者以紓軍民之憤，塞叛亂之源。帝皆褒納。
    廷棟居中樞歲餘，所陳兵事多中機宜，帝甚倚任。然頗挾數行私，不為朝論所重。給事中葛應鬥劾御史袁弘勛納參將胡宗明金，請囑兵部；廷棟亦劾弘勛及錦衣張道濬通賄狀。兩人遂下獄。兩人者，吏部尚書王永光私人也。廷棟謀並去永光，以己代之，得釋兵事，永光遂由此去。御史水佳允者，弘勛郡人也，兩疏力攻廷棟，發其所與司官手書，且言其縱奸人沈敏交關薊撫劉可訓，納賄營私。廷棟疏辯求去，帝猶慰留。有安國棟者，初以通判主插漢撫賞事，廷棟薦其才，特擢職方主事，仍主撫賞，頗為奸利，廷棟庇之。後佳允坐他事左遷行人司副，復上疏發兩人交通狀，並列其賄鬻將領數事，事俱有跡。廷棟危甚，賴中人左右之，得閑住去，以熊明遇代。八年冬，召拜兵部右侍郎兼右都御史，代楊嗣昌總督宣、大、山西軍務。明年七月，我大清兵由間道逾天壽山，克昌平，逼京師。山後地，乃廷棟所轄也，命戴罪入援。兵部尚書張鳳翼懼罪，自請督師。兩人恇怯不敢戰，近畿地多殘破，言官交章論劾。兩人益懼，度解嚴後必罹重譴，日服大黃藥求死。八月十九日，大清兵出塞。至九月朔，鳳翼卒。逾旬日，廷棟亦卒。已，法司定罪，廷棟坐大辟，以既死不究云。
    廷棟既歿，其父克從尚在。後賊破鄢陵，避開封。及開封被淹，死於水。




參考文獻




  • ［清］張廷玉等，官修钦定《明史》









官衔
前任：
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明朝薊遼總督
1630年
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