Mullet (fish)




This article is about the fish of the family Mugilidae. For other fish called "mullets", see Red mullet and Mullidae. For other uses, see Mullet (disambiguation).














































Mullet

Mugil cephalus Minorca.jpg

Mugil cephalus

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
(unranked):
Acanthomorpha
Superorder:
Acanthopterygii

Clade:
Percomorpha
(unranked):
Ovalentaria
Order:
Mugiliformes
Family:
Mugilidae
Cuvier, 1829
Genera

See text.



The mullets or grey mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and some species in fresh water.[1] Mullets have served as an important source of food in Mediterranean Europe since Roman times. The family includes about 78 species in 20 genera.[2]


Mullets are distinguished by the presence of two separate dorsal fins, small triangular mouths, and the absence of a lateral line organ. They feed on detritus, and most species have unusually muscular stomachs and a complex pharynx to help in digestion.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Behavior


  • 2 Classification and naming


    • 2.1 Timeline




  • 3 References


  • 4 Further references


  • 5 External links





Behavior


A common noticeable behavior in mullet is the tendency to leap out of the water. There are two distinguishable types of leaps: a straight, clean slice out of the water to escape predators and a slower, lower jump while turning to its side that results in a larger, more distinguishable, splash. The reasons for this lower jump are disputed, but have been hypothesized to be in order to gain oxygen rich air for gas exchange in a small organ above the pharynx.



Classification and naming





Mugil cephalus




Thick lips of a mullet




Mullets in the Mediterranean Sea


Taxonomically, the family is currently treated as the sole member of the order Mugiliformes, but as Nelson says, "there has been much disagreement concerning the relationships" of this family.[3] The presence of fin spines clearly indicates membership in the superorder Acanthopterygii, and in the 1960s, they were classed as primitive perciforms,[4] while others have grouped them in Atheriniformes.[5] They are classified as an order, Mugiliformes, within the subseries Ovalentaria of the clade Percomorpha in the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World.[6]


In North America, "mullet" by itself usually refers to Mugilidae. In Europe, the word "mullet" is usually qualified, the "grey mullets" being Mugilidae and the "red mullets" or "surmullets" being Mullidae, notably members of the genus Mullus, the red mullets.[7] Outside Europe, the Mullidae are often called "goatfish".[8] Fish with common names including the word "mullet" may be a member of one family or the other, or even unrelated such as the freshwater white sucker (Catostomus commersonii).[9]


The following genera were accepted as making up the Mugilidae:[2]




  • Mugil

  • Chelon

  • Agonostomus

  • Cestraeus

  • Joturus

  • Myxus

  • Chaenomugil

  • Rhinomugil

  • Neomyxus

  • Liza

  • Trachystoma

  • Oedalechilus

  • Ellochelon

  • Sicamugil

  • Aldrichetta

  • Moolgarda

  • Crenimugil

  • Xenomugil

  • Valamugil

  • Paramugil



However, recent taxonomic work has reorganised the family and the following genera as make up the Mugilidae:[10][11]




  • Agonostomus

  • Aldrichetta

  • Cestraeus

  • Chaenomugil

  • Chelon

  • Crenimugil

  • Dajaus

  • Ellochelon

  • Gracilimugil

  • Joturus

  • Minimugil

  • Mugil

  • Myxus

  • Neomyxus

  • Neochelon

  • Oedalechilus

  • Osteomugil

  • Parachelon

  • Paracrenimugil

  • Paramugil

  • Planiliza

  • Plicomugil

  • Pseudomyxus

  • Rhinomugil

  • Sicamugil

  • Squalomugil

  • Trachystoma




Timeline



Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Holocene
Pleist.
Plio.
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Liza (genus)
Mugil
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Holocene
Pleist.
Plio.
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene



References





  1. ^ ab Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., eds. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 192. ISBN 0-12-547665-5..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab "Family Mugilidae - Mullets". Fishbase. Retrieved 25 March 2017.


  3. ^ "Fishes of the World, 4th Edition". Wiley. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2012-04-12.


  4. ^ Gosline, W. A. (1961) "The Perciform Caudal Skeleton" Copeia 1961(3): pp. 265-270


  5. ^ O.H. Oren (1981). Aquaculture of Grey Mullets. CUP Archive. p. 2. ISBN 9780521229265.


  6. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 752. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.


  7. ^ "Mullet species". britishseafishing.co.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2017.


  8. ^ "Goatfish". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 March 2017.


  9. ^ "Common names of Catostomus commersonii". Fishbase. Retrieved 25 March 2017.


  10. ^ Jean-Dominique Durand; Wei-Jen Chen; Kang-Ning Shen; Cuizhang Fue; Philippe Borsaf (2012). "Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) (abstract)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 335 (10&11): 687–697. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2012.09.005.


  11. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2018). "Mugilidae" in FishBase. November 2018 version.




Further references



  • J.S. Nelson, Fishes of the World.
    ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.

  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Mugilidae" in FishBase. June 2012 version.


  • Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.

  • SPECIES BY FAMILY/SUBFAMILY IN THE CATALOG OF FISHES



External links






  • Video: Mullet Dursey Sound May 2010, Beara, West Cork, Ireland











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