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The expression collective behavior was first used by Franklin Henry Giddings (1908) and employed later by Robert E. Park and Burgess (1921), Herbert Blumer (1939), Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian (1957), and Neil Smelser (1962) to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Use of the term has been expanded to include reference to cells, social animals like birds and fish, and insects including ants. [1] Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms (Miller 2000; Locher 2002). Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances (Locher 2002). Contents 1 Defining the field 2 Examp...

University of East London Motto Latin: Scientia et votorum impletio Type Public Established 1992 – gained university status 1989 – Polytechnic of East London 1970 – North East London Polytechnic 1952 – West Ham College of Technology 1892 – West Ham Technical Institute Chancellor Shabir Randeree Vice-Chancellor Prof. Amanda Broderick Students 13,215 (2016/17) [1] Undergraduates 9,710 (2016/17) [1] Postgraduates 3,510 (2016/17) [1] Location London , United Kingdom 51°30′28″N 0°3′49″E  /  51.50778°N 0.06361°E  / 51.50778; 0.06361 Coordinates: 51°30′28″N 0°3′49″E  /  51.50778°N 0.06361°E  / 51.50778; 0.06361 Campus Urban Colours Teal, Black and White                Affiliations MillionPlus Association of Commonwealth Universities Universities UK Website www.uel.ac.uk University of East London ( UEL ) is a public university located in the London Borough of Newham, London, England, based at three campuse...