寒蟬效應 (法律)









Disambig gray.svg  本文介紹的是法律術語。關於其他含義，請見「寒蟬效應」。

寒蟬效應（英语：Chilling Effect）法律用語，是指當下對言論自由的「阻嚇作用」——即使是法律沒有明確禁止的。然而，在一般情況下，寒蝉效应現在經常以法律或不明確行動施加不必要的負擔，來禁止合法的講話。该词詞源自美國法律，早於1950年使用。然而，進一步明確使用，是在美國最高法院法官小威廉·布倫南，用在司法判決中，作為一個法律術語。


在中文里，將「Chilling Effect」翻成寒蟬效應，是源自成語「噤若寒蟬」[1]。蟬嘶於夏秋，不久即死。古人不察，以為蟬到寒天，不能發聲。乃以噤若寒蟬形容不敢作聲。


在討論言論自由時，人民害怕因為言論遭到法律的刑罰，或是必須面對高額的賠償，不敢發表言論，將導致公共事務乏人關心，被視為過度限制言論或過度維護自身利益的不良後果。



參見




  • 犯罪停止（英国作家乔治·奥威尔作品《一九八四》中新话的名词，指在犯罪思想开始之前直觉且自发的停止进一步的思考）

  • 針對公眾參與的策略性訴訟

  • 真實惡意原則

  • 寒蝉效应 (组织)



參考文獻





  1. ^ 《後漢書‧杜密傳》云：「劉勝位為大夫，見禮上賓，而知善不薦，聞惡無言，隱情惜己，自同寒蟬，此罪人也。」




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