Mixing
閉央圓唇元音
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本條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 |
body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center}
| 闭央圆唇元音 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| .mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important} ʉ | |||
ü | |||
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国际音标编号 |
318 |
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| 编码 | |||
| HTML码 十进制 |
ʉ |
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| Unicode 十六进制 |
U+0289 |
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| X-SAMPA音标 | } |
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| ASCII音标 | u" |
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| 声音 | |||
閉央圓唇元音（Ʉ）是母音的一種，使用於許多口語語言之中，其國際音標的符號為 〈ʉ〉，另一种符号为 〈ü/ue〉，相對應的X-SAMPA符號則為 〈}〉。
在很多語言中發此音時會突起嘴唇。但也有少數情況嘴唇是扁平的。
目录
1 特徵
2 发音方式
3 发音列表
4 註釋
5 參考文獻
特徵
IPA：元音 | ||||||||||||||||||
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成對的音標分別是不圓唇 • 圓唇元音 | ||||||||||||||||||
- 其元音高度為閉，這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦，但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其元音舌位是央，表示舌的位置是在央元音的地方，大約在前元音和後元音中間。
- 其元音圓唇度為突出，即將嘴角聚拢，且嘴唇內側向外露出。
发音方式
舌面中央部分向硬腭中部隆起，嘴唇向两边展开。
发音列表
英语个别口音 - boot /bʉ̟ːt/ （船）
爱尔兰语 - ciúin /cʉ̠ːnʲ/ （安静）
挪威语 - hus /hʉ͍ːs/ （房子）
威尔士语 - dŵr /dʉr/ （水）
註釋
參考文獻
.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}
Abdel-Massih, Ernest T., A Reference Grammar of Tamazight, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1971
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya, Lizu (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 75–86, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000242 [失效連結]
Dum-Tragut, Jasmine, Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009
Harrington, J.; Cox, F.; Evans, Z., An acoustic phonetic study of broad, general, and cultivated Australian English vowels (PDF), Australian Journal of Linguistics, 1997, 17: 155–184, doi:10.1080/07268609708599550
Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis, The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, 1969
Keane, Elinor, Tamil, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (1): 111–116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze, Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect) (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145
Kristoffersen, Gjert, The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000
Lass, Roger, South African English, (编) Mesthrie, Rajend, Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780521791052
Lodge, Ken, A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J., An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University, 2009
Matthews, William, Cockney, Past and Present: a Short History of the Dialect of London, Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1938
Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Okada, Hideo, Japanese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1991, 21 (2): 94–96, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X
Ó Sé, Diarmuid, Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne, Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, 2000, ISBN 0-946452-97-0 （爱尔兰语）
Przedlacka, Joanna, Estuary English and RP: Some Recent Findings, Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 2001, 36: 35–50
Scobbie, James M; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin. Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an overview. Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers. 2006.
Schuh, Russell G.; Yalwa, Lawan D., Hausa, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 90–95, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Urua, Eno-Abasi E., Ibibio, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550
Watson, Kevin, Liverpool English (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (3): 351–360, doi:10.1017/s0025100307003180
Watt, Dominic; Allen, William, Tyneside English, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (2): 267–271, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001397
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