全俄肅清反革命及怠工非常委員會




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全俄肃清反革命及怠工非常委员会

Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия
Vserossiyskaya chrezvychaynaya komissiya

Znak5 GPU.GIF
1922年的徽章

機構概要
成立時間
1917年12月20日
解散時間
1922年（被改組）
後繼機構
国家政治保卫局（即格别乌）
機構類型
秘密警察

全俄肃清反革命及怠工非常委员会（俄文：Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия по борьбе с контрреволюцией и саботажем），簡稱全俄肃反委员会，通稱契卡（俄文縮寫：ВЧК）是前蘇聯的一個情報組織，於1917年12月20日[1]由费利克斯·埃德蒙多维奇·捷尔任斯基創立。[2]該組織是因為列寧在俄國十月革命成功後要求捷尔任斯基创办一个可以“用非常手段同一切反革命分子作斗争的机构”而創立的。[2]


捷尔任斯基将契卡的任务概括为：「在全国范围内消灭和制止反革命和怠工行为，将其积极分子交由法庭处理，同时还进行前期侦查和预审。」[2]實際上，契卡的主要职能還包括逮捕及殺害苏联国内的反革命分子，并负责管理监狱、搜查、逮捕、拘禁。[3]


契卡於1922年被改組成国家政治保卫局[4]，後又在1954年更名为国家安全委员会[2]。



参考文献





  1. ^ 战史今日12.20：天津战役开始. 新华网. 2010年12月20日 [2010年12月20日] （中文（简体）‎）. 


  2. ^ 2.02.12.22.3 克格勃变迁史. 南都周刊. 2010-07-11 [2010年12月20日]. （原始内容存档于2010年12月30日） （中文（简体）‎）. 


  3. ^ 契卡式辩诉交易. 2010-09-20 [2010年12月20日] （中文（简体）‎）. [永久失效連結]


  4. ^ 中共史上神秘人物顾顺章：专杀叛徒 最后成叛徒. 新华网. 2010年6月1日 [2010年12月20日] （中文（简体）‎）. 




参见




  • 国家政治保卫局（格别乌）


  • 國家安全委員會 (蘇聯)（克格勃）

  • 大清洗

  • 公共安全与秩序保卫部




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