硫化汞



































































硫化汞[左为黑辰砂；右为辰砂（朱砂）]







IUPAC名
Mercury sulfide, mercuric sulfide, or mercury (II) sulfide
别名
 cinnabar, vermillion
识别

CAS号
1344-48-5  ✓
性质

化学式
HgS

摩尔质量
 232.66 g mol−1 g·mol⁻¹

密度
 8.10 g cm−3

熔点
 583.5°C

沸点
 N/A

溶解性（其它溶剂）
 不溶
危险性

警示术语
 R：R21-R26-R28
相关物质
其他阴离子
硒化汞; 碲化汞
其他阳离子
硫化镉
若非注明，所有数据均出自一般条件（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硫化汞是硫和汞的化合物，化學式為HgS。不溶於水。[1]
但可溶于王水，反应方程式如下：


3HgS+12HCl+2HNO3→3H2[HgCl4]+3S+2NO+4H2O{displaystyle mathrm {3HgS} +mathrm {12HCl} +mathrm {2HNO_{3}} to mathrm {3H_{2}} left[mathrm {HgCl_{4}} right]+mathrm {3S} +mathrm {2NO} +mathrm {4{H_{2}}O} }{displaystyle mathrm {3HgS} +mathrm {12HCl} +mathrm {2HNO_{3}} to mathrm {3H_{2}} left[mathrm {HgCl_{4}} right]+mathrm {3S} +mathrm {2NO} +mathrm {4{H_{2}}O} }


HgS是雙象（dimorphic）晶體，如下：



  • 紅色的硃砂（α-HgS），其結構為自然存在的汞最普遍的形態。

  • 黑色的黑辰砂（β-HgS），在自然中不常見且為闪锌矿（立方ZnS）形晶體結構（zinc blende crystal structure）。


紅色結晶，α-HgS具旋光性。這是因為Hg-S在結構中是螺旋狀排列。[2]


300°K，能隙2.1eV下，α-HgS為直接半導體。[3]


硫化汞是无机汞化合物中，挥发性最小的。[4]




目录






  • 1 製備


  • 2 使用


  • 3 煉金術


  • 4 参见


  • 5 參考文獻


  • 6 外部連結


  • 7 参见





製備


將H2S通入汞（II）鹽溶液中，會產生黑色的β-HgS粉末沉澱。[5]β-HgS是活性低的濃縮酸。[1]硃砂礦石在空氣中加熱並將蒸氣冷凝，可以製備金屬汞。[1]



使用


α-HgS在被發現時已被用作朱紅色的顏料。目前已知辰砂變暗紅色是因為從紅色的α-HgS轉變成黑色的β-HgS。Pompeii的紅牆（red walls）在出土時是黑色的，是因為已經形成汞氯化合物（例如氯硫汞礦+、甘汞+、黃氯汞礦+）、硫酸鈣和石膏，而並沒有檢測出β-HgS。[6]



煉金術


在煉丹術中，被稱為完美的硫，像徵硫（靈魂），汞（心靈）與煉金的崇高純潔的目標的緊密結合。



参见



  • 汞中毒

  • 汞

  • 硃砂



參考文獻





  1. ^ 1.01.11.2 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 


  2. ^
    Glazer, A. M.; Stadnicka K. On the origin of optical activity in crystal structures. J. Appl. Cryst. April 1986, 19: 108 – 122. doi:10.1107/S0021889886089823.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)


  3. ^ Lev Isaakovich Berger, Semiconductor Materials（1997）CRC Press ISBN 978-0-8493-8912-2


  4. ^ 《环境化学》. 戴树桂 主编. 高等教育出版社. 第六章 典型污染物在环境各圈层中的转归与效应. P391


  5. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5 


  6. ^
    Cotte, M; Susini J, Metrich N, Moscato A, Gratziu C, Bertagnini A, Pagano M. Blackening of Pompeian Cinnabar Paintings: X-ray Microspectroscopy Analysis. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78 (21): 7484 – 7492. doi:10.1021/ac0612224.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)




外部連結




  • （英文）National Pollutant Inventory - Mercury and compounds Fact Sheet


  • （英文）small article about HgS alchemical history



参见




  • 朱砂

  • 朱红色











  • 查

  • 论

  • 编


汞化合物 Hg












































































































































































































HgH
















He

Li
Be










B
Hg(CN)2
Hg(CNO)2
Hg(SCN)2
Hg2(NO3)2
Hg(NO3)2
HgO
Hg2F2
HgF2
HgF4
Ne

NaHg
Mg










AlHg
Hg[Si(CH3)3]2
P
HgS
Hg2SO4
HgSO4
Hg2Cl2
HgCl2
Hg(ClO3)2
Hg(ClO4)2
Ar

K2HgI4
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
HgCrO4
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu2HgI4
ZnHg
Ga
Ge
As
HgSe
HgSeO3
HgSeO4
Hg2Br2
HgBr2
Kr

Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
HgMoO4
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag2HgI4
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
HgTe
HgTeO3
HgTeO4
Hg2I2
HgI2
Hg(IO3)2
Xe

Cs
Ba
 *
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
M-Hg
Tl2HgI4
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn

Fr
Ra
 **
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Nh
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og


↓
















*
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu


**
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr

汞的取代盐、有机化合物及有机酸盐

NH2HgCl · CH3Hg+ · HgMe2 · Et-Hg-Cl · HgPh2 · Hg(CH3COO)2 · Hg(PhCOO)2 · CH3COOHgC6H5 · pHOHg-C6H4-COOH · pClHg-C6H4-COOH · C9H9HgNaO2S · C20H8Br2HgNa2O6




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