East Kalimantan

Province in Indonesia

East Kalimantan .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} Kalimantan Timur Benua Etam
Province
From top, left to right : Pela River, Derawan Islands, Manggar Beach in Balikpapan, Kutai Kartanegara Bridge, Mahakam Ulu Bridge, Lake Melintan, Islamic Centre in Samarinda
Flag Seal
Motto(s):  Ruhui Rahayu ("Perfect harmony the blessing from God")
Location of  East Kalimantan  (dark red) [Legend]
Coordinates: 1°3′N 116°19′E / 1.050°N 116.317°E / 1.050; 116.317
Country	Indonesia
Capital	Samarinda
Government
• Governor	Isran Noor
• Vice Governor	Hadi Mulyadi
Area (excluding the area separated off in 2012 as North Kalimantan)
• Total	129,066.64 km2 (49,832.91 sq mi)
Area rank	4th
Population (2014)[1]
• Total	3,508,012
• Density	27/km2 (70/sq mi)
	(excluding population separated off in 2012 as North Kalimantan)
Demographics
• Official language	Indonesian
• Recognised regional languages	Kutai Malay, Banjar, Dayak and Buginese
• Ethnic groups	Javanese (29.55%) Banjar (13.94%) Bugis (18.26%) Dayak (9.91%) Kutai (9.21%) Toraja (1.16%) Sundanese (1.59%) Madurese (1.24%) Chinese (1.16%) other (13.18%)[2]
Time zone	WITA (UTC+8)
Vehicle registration	KT
HDI	0.738 (High)
HDI rank	3rd (2014)
Website	kaltimprov.go.id

East Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Timur) is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It has a population of about 3.5 million,^[1] and its capital is Samarinda.

East Kalimantan has a total area of 129,066.64 square kilometres (49,832.91 sq mi)^[3] and is the second least densely populated province in Kalimantan.^[4] The majority of the region shares a maritime border to the east with West Sulawesi and North Sulawesi; its coastline faces the Makassar Strait and the Celebes Sea. Its former northernmost region was split off in October 2012 and is now North Kalimantan Province; to its south, East Kalimantan borders the South Kalimantan province. The province bordered Sabah before the split, but still borders Sarawak.

Two months later, in December 2012, the existing West Kusai Regency was split in two, with the northernmost five districts forming a new Mahakam Ulu Regency. East Kalimantan is now divided into seven regencies and three cities. Isran Noor the current Governor of East Kalimantan and Hadi Mulyadi is its vice governor.^[5]

Contents

• 
  1 History
  
  
  
  • 
    1.1 Geography
    
  
  
  • 
    1.2 Climate
    
    
    
    • 
      1.2.1 Temperature and humidity
      
    
    
    • 
      1.2.2 Rainfall and wind conditions
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  2 Administrative divisions
  


• 
  3 Ecology
  


• 
  4 Economy
  


• 
  5 Tourist sites
  


• 
  6 North Kalimantan Province
  


• 
  7 Demographics
  
  
  
  • 
    7.1 Ethnicity
    
  
  
  • 
    7.2 Language
    
  
  
  • 
    7.3 Religion
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  8 References
  

History

East Kalimantan was once mostly covered by tropical rainforest. There are several kingdoms in East Kalimantan, including the Kingdom of Kutai (Hindu), Sultanate of Kutai ing Martadipura, and the Sultanate of Pasir.
East Kalimantan region include Pasir, Kutai, Berau and also Karasikan (Buranun / pre-Sultanate of Sulu) claimed as conquered territory Suryanata Maharaja, the governor of Majapahit in the State Dipa (which is located in the Great Temple in Amuntai) until 1620 in the Sultanate of Banjar. Between the years 1620-1624, kingdoms in East Kalimantan turned into an area influence of the Sultanate of Sultan Alauddin Makassar, before the Bungaya agreement. According to the Hikayat Banjar, the Sultan of Makassar never borrowed land for trade covers an area east and southeast of Borneo to the Sultan Mustain Billah of Banjar when Kiai Martasura sent to Makassar and entered into an agreement with the Sultan Tallo I Mangngadaccinna Daeng I Ba'le 'Sultan Mahmud Karaeng Pattingalloang, which became Mangkubumi and principal advisor to the Sultan Muhammad Said, King of Gowa in 1638-1654 and also in-law of Sultan Hasanuddin, which will make the East Kalimantan region as a place to trade for the Sultanate of Makassar (Gowa-Tallo), since that began to arrive people from South Sulawesi. However, based on the agreement between the Sultanate of Banjar and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1635, VOC help Banjar restore lands in East Kalimantan into spheres of influence of the Sultanate of Banjar. It is embodied in the Bungaya agreement, that the Sultanate of Makassar are not allowed to trade up to the east and the north Borneo

In accordance with treaties, on January 1, 1817, Sultan Sulaiman of Banjar handed East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, part of West and South Kalimantan (including Banjarmasin) over to the Dutch East Indies. On May 4, 1826, Sultan Adam al-wathiq Billah of Banjar reaffirmed the handover of these territories to the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. In 1846, the Dutch began to put a Resident Assistant in East Borneo at Samarinda (now the province of East Kalimantan and the eastern part of South Kalimantan) named H. Von Dewall. East Kalimantan was then part of the Dutch East Indies. East Kalimantan with its then administrative area was established based on the Law No. 25 of 1956 with the first governor being APT Pranoto.

Geography

East Kalimantan Proviunce now comprises a land area of 129,066.642 square kilometers and comprehensive ocean management 25,656 km², located between 113 ° 44 'and 119 ° 00' east longitude, and between 2 ° 33 'North latitude and 2 ° 25' South Latitude. East Kalimantan, is now divided into seven regencies and three cities, subdivided into 103 districts and 1,026 villages (kelurahan). The Regencies (with their administrative capitals) and cities are enumerated below. East Kalimantan is one of the main gates in the eastern part of Indonesia. The area is also known as a storehouse of timber and mining, has hundreds of rivers (scattered across almost all regencies and cities) which area the main means of transportation in addition to land transport, with the longest river being the Mahakam.

East Kalimantan is directly adjacent in the north to North Borneo, to the Celebes Sea and the Makassar Strait in the east, to South Kalimantan in the south, and West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Malaysia in the west. There are hills in almost all districts, and there are num erous lakes. Most lakes are located in the Kutai Regency with the most extensive lake that is Lake Semayang and Melintang, each of which has an area of 13,000 ha and 11,000 ha.

Climate

Such a climate of Indonesia in general, East Kalimantan tropical climate and has two seasons, dry and rainy seasons. The dry season usually occurs in May to October, while the rainy season in November to April. This situation continued every year interspersed with transitional season in certain months. Moreover, because of its location on the equator, the climate in East Kalimantan are also affected by wind monsoon, monsoon wind is November–April west and east monsoon winds from May to October. In recent years, the situation in East Kalimantan season is sometimes erratic. In the months that it is supposed to rain, there is no rain at all, or vice versa in the months that should be dry it rains for a much longer time.

Temperature and humidity

Temperatures somewhere high and low are determined by the area of the ocean surface and the distance from the beach. In general, East Kalimantan hot climates with temperatures in 2013 ranged from 21.6 ⁰C in Berau October to 35.6 ⁰C in Berau in September. The average temperature is lowest and the highest 22,1⁰C 35,1⁰C occur in Berau. Aside from being a tropical area with extensive forests, in 2013 the average humidity between 83-87 percent of East Kalimantan. The lowest air humidity observed by the meteorological station Samarinda happens in a few months with 82 percent humidity. While the highest occurred in Berau in February with 91 percent humidity.

Rainfall and wind conditions

Rainfall in East Kalimantan region varies by month and location of monitoring stations. Average highest rainfall recorded at the Meteorological Station Berau amounted to 245.1 mm and the lowest for the year 2013 was recorded at the Meteorological Station Samarinda is 237.8 mm. At some monitoring stations monitor wind conditions in East Kalimantan in 2013. Observations show that wind speeds between 3 and 4 knots. The highest wind speed was 4 knots in Balikpapan and Berau, while the lowest was 3 knots in Samarinda.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	733,797	—
1980	1,218,016	+66.0%
1990	1,876,663	+54.1%
1995	2,314,183	+23.3%
2000	2,451,895	+6.0%
2010	3,553,143	+44.9%
2014	3,508,012	−1.3%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2014. These figures before 2012 include the population of the city and four northerly regencies split off in that year to form the new North Kalimantan Province; subsequent figures exclude them.

Administrative divisions

Until 2012, East Kalimantan was divided into ten regencies (kabupaten) and four cities (kota). On 22 October 2012, the Indonesian House of Representatives agreed to the creation of a new province out of the four most northerly of the Regencies in East Kalimantan, namely Malinau Regency, Nunukan Regency, Tana Tidung Regency and Bulungan Regency, together with one city, Tarakan. Accordingly, these were split off to form the new province of North Kalimantan on 25 October 2012, while the existing West Kutai Regency was split into two in December 2012, leaving the following regencies and cities to comprise the reduced East Kalimantan:

Name	Area (km2)	Population 2010 Census	Population 2014 estimate	Capital	HDI[6] 2014 estimate
Balikpapan City	527.00	557,579	645,866	Balikpapan	0.779 (High)
Bontang City	406.70	143,683	166,433	Bontang	0.785 (High)
Samarinda City	783.00	727,500	842,691	Samarinda	0.783 (High)
Berau Regency	21,240.00	179,079	207,434	Tanjung Redeb	0.722 (High)
East Kutai Regency (Kutai Timur)	35,747.50	255,637	296,114	Sangatta	0.703 (High)
Kutai Kartanegara Regency	23,601.91	626,680	725,907	Tenggarong	0.712 (High)
North Penajam Paser Regency (Penajam Paser Utara)	3,333.06	142,922	165,552	Penajam	0.686 (Medium)
Paser Regency	7,730.88	230,316	266,784	Tana Paser	0.698 (Medium)
West Kutai Regency (Kutai Barat)	17,307.04	140,097	191,231	Sendawar	0.689 (Medium)
Mahakam Ulu Regency (Mahakam Ulu)	18,389.55	24,994	(included in total for West Kutai)	Ujoh Bilang	0.689 (Medium)
Totals[7]	129,066.64	3,028,487	3,508,012	Samarinda	0.738 (High)

Ecology

Logging road in East Kalimantan: logged forest on the left, primary forest on the right

Illegal logging has removed much of the original forests of the province. Less than half the original forest remains in places such as the Kayan Mentarang the Kutai national parks.

The projects that supports tropical rainforest conservation includes a WWF project^[8] and Samboja Lestari lodge, one of Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation's reforestation and orangutan rehabilitation projects.^[9]

Economy

East Kalimantan's economy heavily depends on earth resources such as oilfield exploration, natural gas, coal and gold.^[10][11]Balikpapan has an oil refinery plant that was built by Dutch governance before World War II, destroyed during World War II, and rebuilt after Indonesian independence.^[12]

Other developing economic sectors include agriculture and tourism.^[13]

Obstacles to economic development include a lack of transportation infrastructure.^[14] Transportation depends on traditional boats connecting coastal cities and areas along main river, Mahakam River.^[15]

In 2012, Russia's state railway firm Joint Stock Company (JSC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the East Kalimantan Governor over railway lines to transport coal and other freight. The first stage will connect an area near Balikpapan port to West Kutai Regency in a 183-kilometer line and is estimated to cost about $1.8 billion. It will commence in 2013 and by 2017 it is hoped that it carry 20 million tons of coal annually. The second phase will connect a line to Murung Raya in Central Kalimantan with a 60 kilometer line, which will cost an estimated $600 million.^[16]

Several oil fields have been discovered in the Mahakam River Delta including Attaka, Badak (1971), Semberah, Nilam, Sanga Sanga, Bekapai (1972), Handil (1974), Samboja, Jakin and Sepinggan.^[17][18][19] The Handil, Badak and Bekapai fields are anticline structural traps with oil reservoir sandstones between 450 and 2900 m.^[17]:399 The delta is in the Kutei basin, bounded by the Mankalihat and Paternoster carbonate arch, containing Eocene shales overlain by Oligocene fluvial deposits during marine regression, culminating in the formation of the delta in the late Miocene.^[17]:400

Tourist sites

In addition to Derawan Islands, East Kalimantan has a unique natural site, Labuan Cermin Lake at Biduk-biduk district which features fresh water on top with about 2 meters thickness and sea water underneath it. Both fresh water fish and sea water fish live in the lake inhabiting their respective habitat layer. "Cermin" means mirror in Indonesian language and the lake was named so due to the clarity of the water.^[20]

North Kalimantan Province

North Kalimantan was formally inaugurated as the 34th province of Indonesia on April 15, 2013. The new province was previously part of East Kalimantan Province and Irianto Lambrie will be acting as the governor of it until a new governor is chosen by their people in an election.^[21]

Demographics

Ethnicity

The majority ethnic group in East Kalimantan is the Javanese (30.24%) which is spread in almost all regions, especially the transmigration areas to urban areas. The second largest ethnic namely Bugis (20.81%), which occupy many coastal areas and urban areas. The third largest Ethnicity is Banjar (12.45%) were quite dominant in the city of Samarinda and Balikpapan. East Kalimantan is a major destination of origin of Java, Sulawesi and South Kalimantan.

In the fourth place is the Dayak (9.94%), which occupies the interior part of the province. Kutai (7.80%) which inhabit Kutai, East Kutai and Kutai Barat was fifth. In the sixth to ten consecutive namely Toraja (2.21%), Paser (1.89%), Sunda (1.57%), Madura (1.32%) and Auto Buton (1.25%) and other tribes from various regions in Indonesia.

Language

People in East Kalimantan generally use the Indonesian language and the Banjar language. Distribution of East Kalimantan to the Banjar language because of the large number of overseas South Kalimantan Banjar ethnic origin so the language Banjar used as a daily language, especially in the city of Samarinda and Balikpapan. Speakers Javanese and Bugis language is also quite large in East Kalimantan for many migrants from Java and Sulawesi inhabiting East Kalimantan.

Other languages spoken people in East Kalimantan is Kutai, Paser language, language Tidung, Berau language, language Tunjung, Bahau language, the language and the language Modang Lundayeh.

Religion

Religion in East Kalimantan (2010 census)[22]
Religion			Percent
Islam			85.38%
Protestantism			9.50%
Roman Catholicism			3.90%
Buddhism			0.46%
Not asked			0.44%
Hinduism			0.22%
Not stated			0.05%
Confucianism			0.03%
Others			0.02%

References

• 
  Indonesia portal
  

1. 
   ^ ^ab Central Bureau of Statistics: Estimates 2014 Archived November 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. (in Indonesian)
   


2. 
   ^ "BPS -". Kaltim.bps.go.id. Archived from the original on 2012-11-23. Retrieved 2012-11-17..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


3. 
   ^ revised area following the removal of Tarakan city and four regencies to form the new North Kalimantan province in 2012.
   


4. 
   ^ Badan Pusat Statistik. "Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 Data Agregat Per Provinsi" (PDF). Badan Pusat Statistik. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-13.
   


5. 
   ^ "Organisasi". Kaltimprov.go.id. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
   


6. 
   ^ Indeks-Pembangunan-Manusia-2014
   


7. 
   ^ Totals adjusted to take account of the removal of Tarakan City and four regencies, as confirmed by Biro Pusat Statistik.
   


8. 
   ^ http://www.panda.org/heart-of-borneo/ WWF Heart of Borneo conservation initiative – orang-utan, rhinoceros and pygmy elephant cling for survival.
   


9. 
   ^ http://www.sambojalodge.com/
   


10. 
    ^ "Post-Era of Natural Resources Development in East Kalimantan | GEOTIMES". GEOTIMES. 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
    


11. 
    ^ "East Kalimantan`s Economy Still Heavily Relies on Coal Price". Retrieved 2018-11-15.
    


12. 
    ^ "Balikpapan History". www.triposo.com. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
    


13. 
    ^ "Expedition Magazine | Agriculture in Interior Borneo". www.penn.museum. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
    


14. 
    ^ Diplomat, Dikanaya Tarahita and Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, The. "Solving Indonesia's Infrastructure Gap". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
    


15. 
    ^ "The Mighty Mahakam River [with PHOTOS] - INDONEO". Indoneo. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
    


16. 
    ^ "Russian firm signs MoU to build $2.4 billion railway". February 8, 2012.
    


17. 
    ^ ^abc Verdier, A.C., Oki, T., and Suardy, A., 1980, Geology of the Handil Field (East Kalimantan-Indonesia), in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade:1968-1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,
    ISBN 0-89181-306-3, p. 401
    


18. 
    ^ Huffington, R.M., and Helmig, H.M., Discovery and Development of the Badak Field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia,1980, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade:1968-1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,
    ISBN 0-89181-306-3, p. 441
    


19. 
    ^ DeMatharel, M., Lehmann, P., Oki, T., Geology of the Bekapai Field, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade:1968-1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,
    ISBN 0-89181-306-3, p. 459
    


20. 
    ^ http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2011/06/28/2818/2/Air-Laut-dan-Tawar-Menyatu-di-Danau-Labuan-Cermin
    


21. 
    ^ "Provinsi Kalimantan Utara Diresmikan 15 April". March 22, 2013.
    


22. 
    ^ "Population by Region and Religion in Indonesia". BPS. 2010.
    

v t e Regencies and cities of East Kalimantan
Capital: Samarinda
Regencies	Berau Kutai Kartanegara West Kutai East Kutai Paser North Penajam Paser Mahakam Ulu
Cities	Samarinda Balikpapan Bontang

v t e Provinces of Indonesia
Capital: Jakarta
Sumatra	Aceh  Bangka Belitung Islands  Bengkulu  Jambi  Lampung  North Sumatra  Riau  Riau Islands  South Sumatra  West Sumatra
Java	Banten  Central Java  East Java  Jakarta  West Java  Yogyakarta
Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan  East Kalimantan  North Kalimantan  South Kalimantan  West Kalimantan
Lesser Sunda	Bali  East Nusa Tenggara  West Nusa Tenggara
Sulawesi	Central Sulawesi  Gorontalo  North Sulawesi  Southeast Sulawesi  South Sulawesi  West Sulawesi
Maluku	Maluku  North Maluku
Papua	Papua  West Papua
Lists by GRP per capita HDI ISO codes

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