Battle of Curalaba

Battle of Curalaba
Part of Arauco War
Date December 23, 1598 Location Curalaba, on the banks of the Lumaco River, 25 kilometers from Angol 37°55′S 72°53′W / 37.917°S 72.883°W / -37.917; -72.883Coordinates: 37°55′S 72°53′W / 37.917°S 72.883°W / -37.917; -72.883 Result Decisive Mapuche victory
Belligerents
Spanish Empire	Mapuche
Commanders and leaders
Martín García Oñez de Loyola †	vice toqui Pelantaru
Strength
50 Spanish and 300 Indian auxiliaries	300 Warriors
Casualties and losses
All but two Spaniards were killed,[1] as were most of the Indian auxiliaries.	?

v t e Arauco War
Reynogüelén Quilacura Andalien Penco Tucapel Marihueñu Peteroa Mataquito Lagunillas Millarapue Quiapo Siege of Concepción Angol 2nd Reinohuelén Catirai Purén Curalaba Seven Cities Boroa Los Robles La Albarrada Río Bueno

The Battle of Curalaba (Spanish: Batalla de Curalaba pronounced [baˈtaʝa ðe kuɾaˈlaβa]) is the name given to the battle and ambush where Mapuche people led by Pelantaru soundly defeated Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola at Curalaba, southern Chile. In Chilean historiography, where the event is often called Disaster of Curalaba (Spanish: Desastre de Curalaba), the battle marks the end of the "Conquista" period in Chile's history, although the fast Spanish expansion in the south had already been halted in the 1550s.

Contents

• 
  1 History
  


• 
  2 Additional information
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 References
    
  
  
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    2.2 Sources
    
  
  
  
  

History

On December 21, 1598, governor Martín García Oñez de Loyola traveled to Purén leading 50 men. On the second day they camped in Curalaba without taking protective measures. The Mapuche people aware of their presence, with their cavalry led by Pelantaru and his lieutenants, Anganamón and Guaiquimilla, with three hundred men, shadowed his movements and made a surprise night raid. Completely surprised, the governor and almost all of his soldiers and companions were killed.

This event was called the Disaster of Curalaba by the Spaniards. It involved not only the death of the Spanish governor, but the news rapidly spread among the Mapuche and triggered a general revolt, long-prepared by the toqui Paillamachu, that destroyed Spanish camps and towns south of the Bío-Bío River over the next few years.

Additional information

References

1. 
   ^ The Spanish survivors were a priest, Bartolomé Pérez, who was captured, and Bernardo de Pereda, a soldier left for dead with 23 wounds who made his way to La Imperial after 70 days.
   

Sources

• 
  Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche, Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile (Description Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Chile), PDF E Libros from Memoria Chilena (History of Chile 1542-1788)


• 
  Tomo I History 1542 - 1626, Tomo 8 de Colección de historiadores de Chile y de documentos relativos a la historia nacional. Santiago : Impr. del Ferrocarril, 1861. Primera parte. Tomo I; Capítulo LXXIX. Llega a Chile un refuerzo de tropa del Perú - Levanta el Gobernador una ciudad en la provincia de Cuyo - Visita el país meridional de su gobernacion, i los indios le quitan la vida.

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