Hylidae







































Hylidae
Temporal range: 57–0 Ma

PreЄ

Є

O

S

D

C

P

T

J

K

Pg

N







Paleocene – recent[1]


Agalychnis callidryas.jpg

Red-eyed tree frog, Agalychnis callidryas

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Amphibia
Order:
Anura
Suborder:
Neobatrachia
Family:
Hylidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Genera

See text.



Hylidae distrib.PNG
Distribution of Hylidae (in black)

The Hylidae are a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.




Contents






  • 1 Characteristics


  • 2 Type species


  • 3 Taxonomy


  • 4 References


  • 5 Further reading


  • 6 External links





Characteristics


Most hylids show adaptations suitable for an arboreal lifestyle, including forward-facing eyes providing binocular vision, and adhesive pads on the fingers and toes. In the nonarboreal species, these features may be greatly reduced, or absent. The Cyclorana species are burrowing frogs that spend much of their lives underground.[1]


Hylids mostly feed on insects and other invertebrates, but some larger species can feed on small vertebrates.


Hylids lay their eggs in a range of different locations, depending on species. Many use ponds, or puddles that collect in the holes of their trees, while others use bromeliads or other water-holding plants. Other species lay their eggs on the leaves of vegetation hanging over water, allowing the tadpoles to drop into the pond when they hatch.[1]


A few species use fast-flowing streams, attaching the eggs firmly to the substrate. The tadpoles of these species have suckers enabling them to hold on to rocks after they hatch. Another unusual adaptation is found in some South American hylids, which brood the eggs on the back of the female. The tadpoles of most hylid species have laterally placed eyes and broad tails with narrow, filamentous tips.[1]



Type species


The European tree frog, Hyla arborea, is common in the middle and south of Europe, and ranges into Asia and North Africa. The species becomes very noisy on the approach of rain and is sometimes kept in confinement as a kind of barometer.


North America has many species of the family Hylidae, including the gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) and the American green tree frog (H. cinerea). The spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) is also widespread in the eastern United States and is commonly heard on spring and summer evenings.


"Tree frog" is a popular name for several of the Hylidae. H. versicolor is the Gray tree frog, Trachycephalus lichenatus is the lichened tree frog, and Trachycephalus marmoratus is the marbled tree frog. However, the name "treefrog" is not unique to this family, also being used for many species of the Rhacophoridae.


Rabbs' fringe-limbed tree frog, Ecnomiohyla rabborum, was a species of Hydilae that went extinct in September 2016. The last of its kind, a male named Toughie died on September 30, when it was pronounced that the species had become extinct.






  • Hyla versicolor, North American gray tree frog







  • Litoria wilcoxi, stony creek frog







  • Hyla japonica, Japanese tree frog







  • Phyllomedusa sauvagii, waxy monkey leaf frog







  • Smilisca phaeota, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica






Taxonomy


The family Hylidae is divided into these subfamilies and genera:


Hylidae



  • Subfamily Pelodryadinae (Austro-Papuan tree frogs)

    • Cyclorana

    • Litoria

    • Nyctimystes

    • Pelodryas



  • Subfamily Phyllomedusinae (leaf frogs)

    • Agalychnis

    • Cruziohyla


    • Hylomantis – rough leaf frogs


    • Pachymedusa – Mexican leaf frogs


    • Phasmahyla – shining leaf frogs


    • Phrynomedusa – colored leaf frogs

    • Phyllomedusa



  • Subfamily Hylinae


    • Acris – cricket frogs


    • Anotheca – spiny-headed tree frog


    • Aparasphenodon – casque-headed frogs


    • Aplastodiscus – canebrake tree frogs


    • Argenteohyla – Argentinian frogs

    • Bokermannohyla

    • Bromeliohyla

    • Charadrahyla


    • Corythomantis – casque-headed tree frog

    • Dendropsophus


    • Duellmanohyla – brook frogs

    • Ecnomiohyla

    • Exerodonta


    • Hyla – common tree frogs

    • Hyloscirtus


    • Hypsiboas – gladiator frogs

    • Isthmohyla

    • Itapotihyla

    • Lysapsus

    • Megastomatohyla

    • Myersiohyla


    • Nyctimantis – brown-eyed tree frogs


    • Osteocephalus – slender-legged tree frogs

    • Osteopilus


    • Phyllodytes – heart-tongued frogs


    • Plectrohyla – spike-thumb frogs


    • Pseudacris – chorus frogs


    • Pseudis – swimming frogs


    • Ptychohyla – stream frogs


    • Scarthyla – Madre de Dios tree frogs


    • Scinax – snouted tree frogs


    • Smilisca – burrowing frogs


    • Sphaenorhynchus – lime tree frogs


    • Tepuihyla – Amazon tree frogs

    • Tlalocohyla


    • Trachycephalus – casque-headed tree frogs


    • Triprion – shovel-headed tree frogs

    • Xenohyla






References





  1. ^ abcd Zweifel, Robert G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G., eds. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 93–94. ISBN 0-12-178560-2..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}




  • This article incorporates text from the Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921).


Further reading


  • "Amero-Australian Treefrogs (Hylidae)". William E. Duellman. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Ed. Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans, Jerome A. Jackson, Devra G. Kleiman, James B. Murphy, Dennis A. Thoney, et al. Vol. 6: Amphibians. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2004. p225-243.


External links






  • Amnh.org: Amphibian Species of the World

Data related to Hylidae at Wikispecies














Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Information security

Image
This article is part of a series on Information security Related security categories Internet security Cyberwarfare Computer security Mobile security Network security Threats Computer crime Vulnerability Eavesdropping Malware Spyware Ransomware Trojans Viruses Worms Rootkits Bootkits Keyloggers Screen scrapers Exploits Backdoors Logic bombs Payloads Denial of service Defenses Computer access control Application security Antivirus software Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Secure operating systems Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Data-centric security Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Mobile secure gateway Runtime application self-protection (RASP) v t e Information security , sometimes shortened to InfoSec , is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information. Th...
Read more

Lambak Kiri

Image
For Lambak Kiri public housing area, see Lambak Kiri Landless Indigenous Citizens' Housing Scheme. Village in Brunei-Muara, Brunei Lambak Kiri Village Location in Brunei Coordinates: 4°59′26″N 114°57′04″E  /  4.990472°N 114.951114°E  / 4.990472; 114.951114 Coordinates: 4°59′26″N 114°57′04″E  /  4.990472°N 114.951114°E  / 4.990472; 114.951114 Country Brunei District Brunei-Muara Mukim Berakas A Government  • Village head Hamdani Omar Postcode BB1214 Lambak Kiri is a populated place in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. It is officially a village subdivision under Berakas A, a mukim in the district. Lambak Kiri may also refer to the greater area which includes the Lambak Kiri public housing area of the Landless Indigenous Citizens' Housing Scheme (Malay: Skim Tanah Kurnia Rakyat Jati ), although the latter is a separate subdivision. Contents 1 Name 2 Administration 3 See also 4 References Name ...
Read more

章鱼与海女图

Image
本条目 可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 。 （2014/5/25） 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记 {{Translated page}} 标签。 本条目 需要擴充。 （2013年8月15日） 请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 《 章鱼与海女 》（日语： 蛸と海女 ／ たことあま   Tako to ama ）是一幅由日本畫家葛饰北斋创作的浮世绘，出自1814年（文化4年）出版的艳本《喜能会之故真通》（日语： 喜能会之故真通 ／ きのえのこまつ   Kinoe no Komatsu ）。畫中有兩隻章鱼以觸手攻擊一名採珠的海女，並進行擬似戀獸癖的交媾行為。作品尺寸为6½" × 8¾" （16.51 cm × 22.23 cm）。 [1] 在此之前的类似作品还有北尾重政的艳本《謡曲色番組》及勝川春潮的艳本《艳本千夜多女志》等，有被北斋作为参考的可能性。 《章鱼与海女图》有不同英文翻译，一般称The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife，又作Girl Diver and Octopi、Diver and Two Octopi，Richard Douglas Lane称其为 Girl Diver and Octopi [2] ，Mathi Forrer 称其为 Pearl Diver and Two Octopi [3] ，Danielle Talerico 称其为 Diver and Two Octopi 。 [4] 目录 1 作品介绍 1.1 画中对话 1.2 解释 2 评价 3 影响 3.1 模仿作品 4 另见 5 参考来源 6 外部連結 作品介绍 画中对话 原文 译文 大蛸： いつぞハいつぞハとねらいすましてゐたかいがあつて、けふといふけふ、とうとうとらまへたア。てもむつくりとしたいいぼぼだ。いもよりハなをこうぶつだ。サアサア、すつてすつてすいつくして...
Read more